1971 in film

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	In radio 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 In television 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 In music 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
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The year 1971 in film involved some significant events.

Highest-grossing films (U.S.)

The top ten 1971 released films by box office gross in North America are as follows:

Highest-grossing films of 1971
Rank	Title	Distributor	Domestic rentals
1	Fiddler on the Roof	United Artists	$40,500,000^[1]
2	Billy Jack	Warner Bros.	$32,500,000^[1]
3	The French Connection	20th Century Fox	$26,300,000^[1]
4	Summer of '42	Warner Bros.	$20,500,000^[2]
5	Diamonds Are Forever	United Artists	$19,727,000^[2]
6	Dirty Harry	Warner Bros.	$18,000,000^[2]
7	A Clockwork Orange	Warner Bros.	$17,000,000^[2]
8	Carnal Knowledge	Embassy	$14,075,000^[2]
9	The Last Picture Show	Columbia	$13,110,000^[2]
10	Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song	Cinemation Industries	$9,200,000^[3]

Events

February 8 - Bob Dylan's hour-long documentary film, Eat the Document, premieres at New York's Academy of Music. The film includes footage from Dylan's 1966 UK tour.
April 23 - Melvin Van Peebles film Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song becomes the highest-grossing independent film of 1971.^[4]
May - The first permanent IMAX projection system begins showing at Ontario Place's "Cinesphere" in Toronto.
May 10 - Frank Yablans becomes President of Paramount Pictures.
Britain's National Film School begins operation at Beaconsfield Film Studios.

Awards

Category/Organization	29th Golden Globe Awards February 6, 1972		25th BAFTA Awards February 26, 1972	44th Academy Awards April 10, 1972
Category/Organization	Drama	Comedy or Musical	25th BAFTA Awards February 26, 1972	44th Academy Awards April 10, 1972
Best Film	The French Connection	Fiddler on the Roof	Sunday Bloody Sunday	The French Connection
Best Director	William Friedkin The French Connection		John Schlesinger Sunday Bloody Sunday	William Friedkin The French Connection
Best Actor	Gene Hackman The French Connection	Chaim Topol Fiddler on the Roof	Peter Finch Sunday Bloody Sunday	Gene Hackman The French Connection
Best Actress	Jane Fonda Klute	Twiggy The Boy Friend	Glenda Jackson Sunday Bloody Sunday	Jane Fonda Klute
Best Supporting Actor	Ben Johnson The Last Picture Show		Edward Fox (actor) The Go-Between	Ben Johnson The Last Picture Show
Best Supporting Actress	Ann-Margret Carnal Knowledge		Margaret Leighton The Go-Between	Cloris Leachman The Last Picture Show
Best Screenplay, Original	The Hospital Paddy Chayefsky		The Go-Between Harold Pinter	The Hospital Paddy Chayefsky
Best Screenplay, Adapted	The Hospital Paddy Chayefsky		The Go-Between Harold Pinter	The French Connection Ernest Tidyman
Best Original Score	Isaac Hayes Shaft		Michel Legrand Summer of '42	Michel Legrand Summer of '42 John Williams Fiddler on the Roof
Best Original Song	"Life Is What You Make It" Kotch		N/A	"Theme from Shaft" Shaft
Best Foreign Language Film	The Policeman		N/A	The Garden of the Finzi-Continis

Palme d'Or (Cannes Film Festival):

The Go-Between, directed by Joseph Losey, United Kingdom

Golden Bear (Berlin Film Festival):

The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Il Giardino dei Finzi-Contini), directed by Vittorio De Sica, Italy / W. Germany

1971 films

By country/region

By genre/medium

Births

January 2
- Taye Diggs, American actor
- Renée Elise Goldsberry, American actress and singer
January 7 - Jeremy Renner, American actor
January 11 - Mary J. Blige, American singer-songwriter and actress
January 14 - Jennifer Dundas, American actress
January 15 - Regina King, American actress
January 17 - Youki Kudoh, Japanese actress and singer
January 19 - Shawn Wayans, American actor, comedian, writer and producer
January 20 - Questlove, American musician, filmmaker and actor
January 21 - Dylan Kussman, American writer and actor
January 23 - Diana Barrows, American actress, singer and dancer
January 24
- Jonathan Aris, English actor
- Stanislas Merhar, French actor
January 27
- Karin Tammaru, Estonian actress
- Fann Wong, Singaporean actress, singer and model
January 31 - Darren Boyd, British actor
February 1
- Michael C. Hall, American actor
- Jill Kelly, American pornographic actress
- Hynden Walch, American actress, voice actress, writer and singer
February 2 - Arly Jover, Spanish actress
February 3 - Elisa Donovan, American actress
February 4 - Rob Corddry, American actor and comedian
February 6 - Brian Stepanek, American actor
February 11 - Damian Lewis, English actor
February 12 - Scott Menville, American actor
February 14 - Noriko Sakai, Japanese actress and singer
February 15
- Alex Borstein, American actress
- Renee O'Connor, American actress
February 17 - Denise Richards, American actress
February 18
- E. Roger Mitchell, American actor
- Hiep Thi Le, Vietnamese-American actress (d. 2017)
February 21 - Andréa Burns, American actress and singer
February 22 - Lea Salonga, Filipina actress, singer, and columnist
February 25 - Sean Astin, American actor
February 28 - Tasha Smith, American actor, director and producer
March 1
- Ma Dong-seok, South Korean-born American actor
- Teresa Gallagher, American-born British actress, voice actress and singer
March 2
- Stefano Accorsi, Italian actor
- Method Man, American actor and musician
- Amber Smith, American actress
March 4 - Shavar Ross, American actor, director, screenwriter, producer and editor
March 5
- Yuri Lowenthal, American voice actor
- Scott Mosier, American producer, director and editor
March 7
- Peter Sarsgaard, American actor
- Matthew Vaughn, English filmmaker
March 10 - Jon Hamm, American actor
March 11 - Johnny Knoxville, American actor, comedian, producer, and screenwriter
March 13 - Annabeth Gish, American actress
March 15 - Chris Patton, American voice actor
March 16 - Alan Tudyk, American actor and voice actor
March 22
- Keegan-Michael Key, American actor, comedian, writer and producer
- Will Yun Lee, American actor and martial artist
March 24 - Megyn Price, American actress
March 25 - Peter Shinkoda, Canadian actor
March 26 - Francis Lawrence, Austrian-born American filmmaker and producer
March 27 - Nathan Fillion, Canadian actor
March 29
- Michael-Leon Wooley, American theatre, film, television and voice actor
- Hidetoshi Nishijima, Japanese actor
March 31
- Craig McCracken, American cartoonist, animator, director, writer and producer
- Ewan McGregor, Scottish actor
April 1 - Lachy Hulme, Australian actor and screenwriter
April 5 - Krista Allen, American actress, model and stand-up comedian
April 7 - Jennifer Schwalbach Smith, American actress
April 12 - Shannen Doherty, American actress (d. 2024)
April 15
- Andy Daly, American actor, comedian and writer
- Kate Harbour, English voice actress
April 16 - Peter Billingsley, American actor, director and producer
April 18 - David Tennant, Scottish actor
April 19
- Gad Elmaleh, Moroccan-Canadian stand-up comedian and actor
- Desreta Jackson, Virgin Islander actress
- Wendy Powell, American voice actress
April 24 - Stefania Rocca, Italian actress
April 28 - Bridget Moynahan, American actress
May 10
- Adriano Giannini, Italian actor and voice actor
- Leslie Stefanson, American actress
May 11 - Nicky Katt, American actor
May 12 - Steven Mond, Canadian former child actor
May 14 - Sofia Coppola, American actress, writer, and director
May 17 - Randy Davison, American actor
May 22 - MC Eiht, American rapper and actor
May 25 - Justin Henry, American actor
May 26 - Matt Stone, American actor, creator of South Park
May 27
- Paul Bettany, English actor
- Lisa Lopes, American singer and actress (d. 2002)
May 30
- Duncan Jones, British director, producer and screenwriter
- Idina Menzel, American actress, singer and songwriter
- John Ross Bowie, American actor and comedian
June 2
- Anthony Montgomery, American actor
- Espen Sandberg, Norwegian director
June 4
- James Callis, British actor
- Noah Wyle, American actor
June 5
- Susan Lynch, Northern Irish actress
- Mark Wahlberg, American actor and musician
June 8 - Kent Faulcon, American actor, director and writer
June 11 - Kenjiro Tsuda, Japanese actor
June 14 - Sophiya Haque, English actress and singer (d. 2013)
June 15
- Jake Busey, American actor
- Taavi Eelmaa, Estonian actor
June 16
- Eva Püssa, Estonian actress
- Tupac Shakur, American actor and rapper (d. 1996)
June 18 - Lisa Barbuscia, American model, singer and actress
June 20 - Josh Lucas, American actor
June 22 - Mary Lynn Rajskub, American actress and comedian
June 28
- Benito Martinez, American actor
- Aileen Quinn, American actress and singer
June 30
- Tom Green, Canadian-American comedian, show host, actor and filmmaker
- Monica Potter, American actress
July 1
- Missy Elliott, American musician and actress
- Melissa Peterman, American actress, television host and comedian
July 4 - Al Madrigal, American comedian, writer, actor and producer
July 7 - Christian Camargo, American actor, producer, writer and director
July 8 - Amanda Peterson, American actress (d. 2015)
July 9 - Scott Grimes, American actor and singer
July 15 - Jim Rash, American actor, comedian and filmmaker
July 16 - Corey Feldman, American actor
July 18 - Sarah McLeod, New Zealand actress
July 19
- Kate Henshaw, Nigerian actress
- Andres Puustusmaa, Estonian actor and director
July 20 - Sandra Oh, Canadian-American actress
July 21 - Charlotte Gainsbourg, French-British actress
July 24 - Patty Jenkins, American director, screenwriter and producer
July 25 - Miriam Shor, American actress
July 30 - Christine Taylor, American actress
July 31 - Eve Best, British actress
August 4
- Stuart Beattie, Australian filmmaker
- Yo-Yo, American rapper and actress
August 9
- Mark Povinelli, American actor
- Nikki Ziering, American model and actress
August 10 - Justin Theroux, American actor
August 12
- Rebecca Gayheart, American actress
- Yvette Nicole Brown, American actress, comedian, writer and host
August 13
- Moritz Bleibtreu, German actor and director
- Heike Makatsch, German actress, voice actress and singer
August 14 - Scott Michael Campbell, American actor, writer, producer and director
August 18 - Jacob Vargas, Mexican-American actor
August 20
- David Walliams, English comedian, actor, writer and television personality
- Ke Huy Quan, American actor and stunt choreographer
August 21 - Kristi Angus, Canadian actress
August 22 - Richard Armitage, English actor and author
August 25 - Claire Rushbrook, English actress
August 29 - Carla Gugino, American actress
August 31 - Chris Tucker, American actor
September 1 - Maury Sterling, American actor
September 2 - Katt Williams, American actor and comedian^[5]
September 3 - Drena De Niro, American actress and filmmaker
September 8
- David Arquette, American actor, film director, producer and screenwriter
- Martin Freeman, English actor^[6]
September 9
- Eric Stonestreet, American actor and comedian
- Henry Thomas, American actor
September 14
- Pat Healy, American actor
- Kimberly Williams-Paisley, American actress
September 15
- Josh Charles, American actor
- Colleen O'Shaughnessey, American voice actress
September 16 - Amy Poehler, American actress
September 17
- Felix Solis, American actor, director and producer
- Ian Whyte, Welsh actor and stuntman
September 18 - Jada Pinkett Smith, American actress
September 19
- Sanaa Lathan, American actress
- Selene Luna, Mexican-American actress and comedian
September 21 - Luke Wilson, American actor
September 22 - Lawrence Gilliard Jr., American actor
September 27 - Amanda Detmer, American actress
September 29 - Mackenzie Crook, English actor, comedian, director and writer
September 30 - Jenna Elfman, American actress
October 5
- Matthew Maher, American actor
- Samuel Vincent, Canadian voice actor and singer
October 6 - Emily Mortimer, English actress
October 11
- Justin Lin, Taiwanese-American director
- Trish Sie, American director
October 13
- Sacha Baron Cohen, English actor, comedian, screenwriter and producer
- Luis Tosar, Spanish actor and musician
October 17 - Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor (d. 2011)
October 20
- Snoop Dogg, American rapper, songwriter, media personality and actor
- Kenneth Choi, American actor
- Rachel House, New Zealand actress and director
October 21 - Jennifer Lee, American screenwriter, film director and chief creative officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios
October 25 - Craig Robinson, American actor, comedian, musician and singer
October 26
- Rosemarie DeWitt, American actress
- Anthony Rapp, American actor and singer
- Phil Johnston, American screenwriter, director, producer and voice actor
October 29 - Winona Ryder, American actress
November 2 - Meta Golding, Haitian-American actress
November 3
- Piret Laurimaa, Estonian actress
- Dylan Moran, Irish comedian, writer and actor
November 4 - Tabu, Indian actress
November 9 - Jason Antoon, American actor
November 10 - Walton Goggins, American actor
November 11 - David DeLuise, American actor
November 13 - Noah Hathaway, American actor
November 14
- Giovanni Cirfiera, Italian actor
- Marco Leonardi, Italian actor
November 16 - Justine Clarke, Australian actress, singer, musician and television host
November 17 - David Ramsey, American actor, director and martial artist
November 18 - Goran Kostić, Serbian actor
November 20
- Enrico Casarosa, Italian-American storyboard artist, director and writer
- Joel McHale, American actor, comedian, writer, producer and television host
November 23
- Lisa Arch, American actress and comedian
- Chris Hardwick, American comedian, actor, television and podcast host, writer and producer
November 24 - Lior Raz, Israeli actor and screenwriter
November 25
- Christina Applegate, American actress
December 3
- Joseph Gatt, English actor
- Ola Rapace, Swedish actor
December 5
- Kali Rocha, American actress
- Dolly Wells, English actress and writer
December 6 - Katariina Unt, Estonian actress
December 7 - DeObia Oparei, English actor
December 9 - Emma Thomas, English producer
December 14 - Natascha McElhone, British actress
December 17
- Sinan Akkuş, Turkish-German actor
- Claire Forlani, English actress
December 18 - Claudia Gerini, Italian actress
December 21 - Glenn Fitzgerald, American actor
December 23 - Corey Haim, Canadian actor (d. 2010)
December 25
- Patrick Baladi, English actor and musician
- Ain Mäeots, Estonian actor, director and producer
December 26 - Jared Leto, American actor and musician

Deaths

Month	Date	Name	Age	Country	Profession	Notable films
January	5	Douglas Shearer	71	Canada	Sound Engineer	The Wizard of Oz Singin' in the Rain
	5	Fanfulla	57	Italy	Actor	Fellini Satyricon The Clowns
	15	John Dall	52	US	Actor	Rope Spartacus
	20	Broncho Billy Anderson	90	US	Actor, Director, Writer	The Great Train Robbery The Weak-End Party
	25	Isobel Lennart	55	US	Screenwriter	Two for the Seesaw Funny Girl
February	3	Jay C. Flippen	71	US	Actor	Oklahoma! Winchester '73
	22	Frédéric Mariotti	87	France	Actor	Barrabas Mare Nostrum
	22	Matt McHugh	77	US	Actor	Street Scene The Last Trail
	26	Fernandel	67	France	Actor	Around the World in 80 Days The Little World of Don Camillo
March	5	Winnie Lightner	71	US	Actress	Gold Diggers of Broadway She Had to Say Yes
	8	Harold Lloyd	77	US	Actor, Director, Writer	Safety Last! The Freshman
	8	Borden Chase	71	US	Screenwriter	Red River Winchester '73
	12	Roy Glenn	56	US	Actor	Guess Who's Coming to Dinner A Raisin in the Sun
	12	Tor Johnson	67	Sweden	Actor	Plan 9 from Outer Space Bride of the Monster
	15	Bebe Daniels	70	US	Actress	42nd Street The Maltese Falcon
	21	Nan Wynn	55	US	Singer, Actress	A Shot in the Dark Pardon My Sarong
	22	Nella Walker	85	US	Actress	Elmer and Elsie Fugitive Lady
	23	Basil Dearden	60	UK	Director	Dead of Night Khartoum
	30	Selmer Jackson	82	US	Actor	Hey, Rookie The Glass Alibi
	30	Werner Peters	52	Germany	Actor	Dog Eat Dog Death Knocks Twice
April	9	Paulette Noizeux	83	France	Actress	Lady Killer La Digue
	20	Cecil Parker	73	UK	Actor	Oh! What a Lovely War The Citadel
	21	Edmund Lowe	81	US	Actor	Dinner at Eight Dillinger
	28	John Tansey	69	US	Actor, Director	The Sky Rider Trouping with Ellen
May	1	Glenda Farrell	66	US	Actress	Little Caesar I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang
	26	John Longden	71	UK	Actor	Blackmail Dial 999
	27	Chips Rafferty	62	Australia	Actor	The Sundowners Mutiny on the Bounty
	28	Audie Murphy	45	US	Actor	The Red Badge of Courage To Hell and Back
June	8	Piero Gherardi	61	Italy	Production, Costume Designer	La Dolce Vita 8½
	9	Harold Lloyd Jr.	40	US	Actor	The Flaming Urge Mutiny in Outer Space
	10	Michael Rennie	61	UK	Actor	The Robe The Day the Earth Stood Still
	14	Kenneth Macpherson	69	Scotland-Italy	Film-maker	Borderline
	18	Thomas Gomez	65	US	Actor	Key Largo Pittsburgh
July	6	Louis Armstrong	69	US	Actor, Musician	Hello, Dolly! High Society
	11	Carleton G. Young	64	US	Actor	Hard, Fast and Beautiful Queen of Burlesque
	17	Cliff Edwards	76	US	Actor, Singer	Pinocchio Dumbo
	19	Norman Reilly Raine	77	US	Screenwriter	The Adventures of Robin Hood The Life of Emile Zola
	23	Van Heflin	62	US	Actor	Shane 3:10 to Yuma
	24	Christl Mardayn	74	Austria	Actress, Singer	The Shanghai Drama Victoria in Dover
August	3	Ernst Eklund	81	Sweden	Actor	Crisis Banketten
	15	Paul Lukas	80	Hungary	Actor	The Lady Vanishes 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea
	16	Spyros Skouras	78	Greece	Producer, Studio Executive	Cleopatra The Hustler
	17	Horace McMahon	65	US	Actor	Detective Story Susan Slept Here
September	7	Spring Byington	84	US	Actress	Meet John Doe You Can't Take It with You
	10	Pier Angeli	39	Italy	Actress	Somebody Up There Likes Me Battle of the Bulge
	11	Bella Darvi	42	Poland	Actress	The Egyptian Hell and High Water
October	11	Chester Conklin	85	US	Actor	Modern Times The Great Dictator
	12	Fritz Achterberg	90	Germany	Actor	Hamlet The False Dimitri
	13	Phoebe Ephron	57	US	Screenwriter	Desk Set Captain Newman, M.D.
	19	Betty Bronson	64	US	Actress	Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ Yodelin' Kid from Pine Ridge
	24	Cheryl Walker	53	US	Actress	Shadows on the Sage Stage Door Canteen
	26	Vincent Coleman	71	US	Actor	Has the World Gone Mad? The Magic Cup
November	2	Martha Vickers	46	US	Actress	The Big Sleep Alimony
	4	Ann Pennington	77	US	Actress	The Rainbow Princess Tanned Legs
	17	Gladys Cooper	82	UK	Actress	My Fair Lady Rebecca
	17	Fania Marinoff	81	US	Actress	One of Our Girls
	19	Stuart Gilmore	70	US	Editor, Director	Sullivan's Travels The Virginian
	26	Bengt Ekerot	51	Sweden	Actor	The Seventh Seal The Magician
December	12	Frank Wolff	43	US	Actor	Salvatore Giuliano Once Upon a Time in the West
	13	Dita Parlo	63	Poland	Actress	La Grande Illusion L'Atalante
	18	Diana Lynn	45	US	Actress	The Miracle of Morgan's Creek The Kentuckian
	26	Robert Lowery	58	US	Actor	The Mark of Zorro Batman and Robin
	28	Max Steiner	83	Austria	Composer	Casablanca Gone with the Wind
	28	Burt Gillett	80	US	Director	Flowers and Trees Three Little Pigs
	29	Stuart Holmes	87	US	Actor	The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse The Prisoner of Zenda
	30	Dorothy Comingore	58	US	Actress	Citizen Kane The Hairy Ape
	31	Marin Sais	81	US	Actress	Oath of Vengeance Reefer Madness
	31	Lucien Hubbard	83	US	Producer, screenwriter	Wings The Maltese Falcon

Film debuts

F. Murray Abraham – They Might Be Giants
Brooke Adams – Murders in the Rue Morgue
John Amos – Vanishing Point
Alun Armstrong – Get Carter
Kathy Bates – Taking Off
Barry Bostwick – Jennifer on My Mind
Timothy Bottoms – Johnny Got His Gun
Jim Broadbent – The Go-Between
Niall Buggy – Here Are Ladies
Keith Carradine – McCabe & Mrs. Miller
Stockard Channing – The Hospital
Dennis Christopher – Blood and Lace
Jeff Conaway – Jennifer on My Mind
Brian Cox – Nicholas and Alexandra
Wes Craven – You've Got to Walk It Like You Talk It or You'll Lose That Beat (editor)
Daniel Day-Lewis – Sunday Bloody Sunday
Jan Decleir – Mira
Gérard Depardieu – Cry of the Cormoran
Larry Drake – This Stuff'll Kill Ya!
Max Gail – The Organization
Christopher Guest – The Hospital
Edward Herrmann – Lady Liberty
Judd Hirsch – Jump
Eric Idle – And Now for Something Completely Different
Carol Kane – Carnal Knowledge
William Katt – The Late Liz
Jack Kehoe – The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight
Bruno Kirby – The Young Graduates
Kris Kristofferson – The Last Movie
Marcia Jean Kurtz – The Panic in Needle Park
Eugene Levy – Foxy Lady
Andrea Martin – Foxy Lady
Josh Mostel – Going Home
Craig T. Nelson – The Return of Count Yorga
Cassandra Peterson – Diamonds Are Forever
Randy Quaid – The Last Picture Show
Anne Ramsey – The Sporting Club
John Ritter – The Barefoot Executive
Wayne Robson – McCabe & Mrs. Miller
Richard Roundtree – Shaft
Vincent Schiavelli – Taking Off
David Selby – Night of Dark Shadows
Cybill Shepherd – The Last Picture Show
Josef Sommer – Dirty Harry
Bruce Spence – Stork
David Ogden Stiers – THX 1138
Jack Thompson – Wake in Fright
Glynn Turman – Honky
Susan Tyrrell – Shoot Out
Willeke van Ammelrooy – Mira
Mario Van Peebles – Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song
Tracey Walter – Ginger
Jacki Weaver – Stork
Noble Willingham – The Last Picture Show

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Finler, Joel Waldo (2003). The Hollywood Story. Wallflower Press. pp. 358–359. ISBN 978-1-903364-66-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Top 20 Films of 1971 by Domestic Revenue
^ "North America (US and Canada) Domestic Movie Chart for 1971". the-numbers.com. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
^ "Melvin and Mario van Peeble: A pair of pioneers". TheGuardian.com. 5 June 2005.
^ Castilla, Amira (2024-01-11). "The Evolution of Katt Williams". The Root. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
^ "Martin Freeman". BFI. Archived from the original on May 30, 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

External links

[Finler-1] Finler, Joel Waldo (2003). The Hollywood Story. Wallflower Press. pp. 358–359. ISBN 978-1-903364-66-6.

[1971DomesticRevenue-2] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Top 20 Films of 1971 by Domestic Revenue

[North_America_(US_and_Canada)_Domestic_Movie_Chart_for_1971-3] "North America (US and Canada) Domestic Movie Chart for 1971". the-numbers.com. Retrieved 2023-12-09.

[4] "Melvin and Mario van Peeble: A pair of pioneers". TheGuardian.com. 5 June 2005.

[5] Castilla, Amira (2024-01-11). "The Evolution of Katt Williams". The Root. Retrieved 2024-10-03.

[6] "Martin Freeman". BFI. Archived from the original on May 30, 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

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