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List of Baekje people

This is a list of known people who lived in Baekje 18 BCE – 660 CE.

Rulers

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For a chronological list of rulers, see List of Korean monarchs.

# Name by which commonly known Hangul Hanja Period of reign Personal name Relationship Note
1 Onjo 온조왕 溫祚王 18 BCE – 29 CE founder son of Dongmyeong of Goguryeo or Wutae[1]
2 Daru 다루왕 多婁王 29–77 first son of Onjo[2]
3 Giru 기루왕 己婁王 77–128 first son of Daru[3]
4 Gaeru 개루왕 蓋婁王 128–166 son of Giru[4]
5 Chogo 초고왕 肖古王 166–214 son of Gaeru also Sogo (소고왕, 素古王)[5]
6 Gusu 구수왕 仇首王 214–234 first son of Chogo also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴須王)[6]
7 Saban 사반왕 沙泮王 234 first son of Gusu also Sai (사이왕, 沙伊王)[7]
8 Goi 고이왕 古爾王 234–286 second son of Gaeru also Gui (구이군, 久爾君)[8]
9 Chaekgye 책계왕 責稽王 286–298 son of Goi also Cheonggye (청계왕, 靑稽王)[9]
10 Bunseo 분서왕 汾西王 298–304 first son of Chaekgye[10]
11 Biryu 비류왕 比流王 304–344 second son of Gusu[11]
12 Gye 계왕 契王 344–346 Buyeo Joon first son of Bunseo[12]
13 Geunchogo 근초고왕 近肖古王 346–375 Buyeo Gu second son of Biryu also Chogo (초고왕, 肖古王) or Sokgo (속고왕, 速古王)[13]
14 Geun-gusu 근구수왕 近仇首王 375–384 son of Geunchogo also Guisu (귀수왕, 貴首王)[14]
15 Chimnyu 침류왕 枕流王 384–385 first son of Geungusu[15]
16 Jinsa 진사왕 辰斯王 385–392 younger brother of Chimnyu also Buyeohui (부여휘, 扶餘暉)[16]
17 Asin 아신왕 阿莘王 392–405 cousin of Jinsa; first son of Chimnyu also Aha (아화왕, 阿華王)[17]
18 Jeonji 전지왕 腆支王 405–420 first son of Asin also Jikji (직지왕, 直支王) or Jinji (진지왕, 眞支王)[18]
19 Gu-isin 구이신왕 久爾辛王 420–427 first son of Jeonji[19]
20 Biyu 비유왕 毗有王 427–454 first son of Guisin also Yeobi (여비, 餘毗)[20]
21 Gaero 개로왕 蓋鹵王 454–475 Gyeongsa (경사, 慶司) or Gyeong (경, 慶) first son of Biyu also Yeogyeong (여경, 餘慶)[21]
22 Munju 문주왕 文周王 475–477 Modo (모도, 牟都) or Do (도, 都) son of Gaero[22]
23 Samgeun 삼근왕 三斤王 477–479 Samgeun (삼근, 三斤), Imgeol (임걸, 壬乞) or Samgeol (삼걸, 三乞) first son of Munju also Mun-geun (문근왕, 文斤王)[23]
24 Dongseong 동성왕 東城王 479–501 Modae (모대, 牟大) or Mamo (마모, 摩牟) cousin of Samgeum[24]
25 Muryeong 무령왕 武寧王 501–523 Sama (사마, 斯麻 or 斯摩) or Yung (융, 隆) second son of Dongseong also Sama (사마왕, 斯麻王), Do (도왕, 嶋王), or Horyeong (호령왕, 虎寧王)[25]
26 Seong 성왕 聖王 523–554 Buyeo Myeong (명, 明) son of Muryeong also Myeong (명왕, 明王) or Seongmyeong (성명왕, 聖明王)[26]
27 Wideok 위덕왕 威德王 554–598 Chang (창, 昌) first son of Seong also Chang (창왕, 昌王)[27]
28 Hye 혜왕 惠王 598–599 Gye (계, 季) younger brother of Wideok also Heon (헌왕, 獻王)[28]
29 Beop 법왕 法王 599–600 Seon (선, 宣) or Hyosun (효순, 孝順) first son of Hye[29]
30 Mu 무왕 武王 600–641 personal name Jang (장, 璋) or Seodong (서동, 薯童) youngest son of Wideok also Mugang (무강왕, 武康王) or Mugwang (무광왕,武廣王)[30]
31 Uija 의자왕 義慈王 641–660 first son of Mu[31]

Military leaders/Political leaders

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  • Wutae (우태, 優台, ?–?), father of the founders of Baekje, Onjo and Biryu.
  • Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (동명성왕, 東明聖王, 58–19BCE), step-father of the founders of Baekje, Onjo and Biryu. In separate legends he is their father or at least the father of Onjo.
  • So Seo-no (소서노, 召西奴, 77–6 BCE), mother of the founders of Baekje, Onjo and Biryu.
  • Buyeo clan (扶餘氏) – royal family of Baekje.
    • Biryu (비류, 沸流, ?–?), older brother of the first king, Onjo.
    • Tokusa-Ō (덕좌왕, 德佐王, ?–?), son of King Onjo of Baekje who settled in Japan.
    • Buyeo Usu (부여우수, 扶餘優壽, ?–?) – son of the 3rd king, Gaeru of Baekje. The only record of him is in the Samguk Sagi in 260 when he was appointed Minister of the Interior (內臣佐平, Naesin-jwa'pyeong).
    • Buyeo Ubok (부여우복, 扶餘優福, ?–?), member of the royal family who led a rebellion in 327.
    • Buyeo Gonji (부여곤지, 扶餘昆支, ?–477), younger brother of King Munju of Baekje and father of Dongseong of Baekje who for a period lived in Japan.
    • Shigakishi (순타태자, 斯我君, ?–?), known in Baekje as Buyeo Sa'a. He was sent to Japan in 505 as a political hostage to Emperor Buretsu of Japan.
    • Prince Junda (순타태자, 純陁太子, ?–513), son of King Muryeong of Baekje who settled in Japan. Ancestor of the Yamato clan.
    • Mokuto-Ō (목도왕, 目圖王/目図王, ? – ?), grandson of King Seong of Baekje, ancestor of the Gwisil clan and Oka no muraji clan (岡連氏). He settled in Japan.
    • Prince Imseong (임성태자, 琳聖太子, 577–657), son of King Wideok of Baekje who settled in Japan. Ancestor of the Ōuchi clan.
    • Buyeo Hunhae (부여훈해, 扶餘訓解, ?–405), 2nd son of Chimnyu of Baekje who was assassinated by his brother Buyeo Seolye.
    • Buyeo Seolye, (부여설례, 扶餘碟禮, ?–405), 3rd son of Chimnyu of Baekje who assassinated his brother Buyeo Hunhae in attempt to take the crown for himself.
    • Buyeo Hong, (부여홍, 扶餘洪, ?–407), 3rd son of Chimnyu of Baekje who assassinated his brother Buyeo Hunhae in attempt to take the crown for himself.
    • Buyeo Sin (부여신, 扶餘信, ?–429), second son of Asin of Baekje. He was first appointed in February, 407 as Minister of the Interior (Naesin-jwa’pyeong, 内臣佐平) then elected in 408 as chief minister (Sang-jwa'pyeong, 上佐平) which he held through the reign of three kings.
    • Princess Bogwa (보과공주, 宝果公主), daughter of Dongseong of Baekje and became consort of the 23rd King of Silla, Beopheung of Silla.
    • Lady Sobi (比召, ?–?), daughter of Seong of Baekje and became consort of the 24th King of Silla, Jinheung of Silla.
    • Ajwa-Taeja (아좌태자, 阿佐太子, 572–645), left to Japan in 597 where he was called "Asa-Taishi" and painted a portrait of Prince Shōtoku.
    • Imseong-Taeja (임성태자, 琳聖太子, 577–657), he left to Japan in 611 where he was called "Rinshō-taishi" and became ancestor of the Ōuchi clan (大内氏).
    • Jin'ni-Ō (진이왕, 辰爾王, ?–?), settled in Japan and became ancestor of the Tatara clan, Ōuchi clan and Toyota clan.
    • Buyeo Gyogi (부여교기, 扶餘翹岐, ?–?), banished to Japan in 642by his brother the last king, Uija of Baekje.
    • Buyeo Yung (부여융, 扶餘隆, 615–682), fought in the revival movement.
    • Buyeo Tae (부여태, 扶餘泰, ?–?), second son, exiled to China with father.
    • Buyeo Hyo (부여효, 扶餘孝, ?–?), exiled to China with father.
    • Buyeo Yeon (부여연, 扶餘演, ?–?), exiled to China with father
    • Zenkō (선광, 善光, 621–687), son of King Uija of Baekje who settled in Japan. Ancestor of the Kudara no Konikishi clan. Known in Baekje as "Buyeo Seon'gwang" (부여선광, 扶餘善光).
    • Buyeo Pung (부여풍, 扶餘豊, 623–668), shortly crowned king but unrecognized as King Pungjang (풍장왕, 豊璋王).
    • Buyeo Sa (부여사, 扶餘絲, ?–?), son of Buyeo Pung who escaped to Japan but was assassinated by Silla agents but is the ancestor of several Japanese clans. He was called Teika-Ō (禎嘉王) in Japan.
    • Buyeo Yong (부여용, 扶餘勇, ?–?), led the Baekje revolutionary army along with his brother Pung but was defeated and exiled.
    • Buyeo Chung'seung (부여충승, 扶餘忠勝, ?–?), took part in the revival movement, fate unknown.
    • Buyeo Chungji (부여충지, 扶餘忠志, ?–?), took part in the revival movement, fate unknown.
    • Buyeo Seong'chung (부여성충, 扶餘成忠, 605–656), political who tried frequently advised the king in vain to change his ways. Angered at his advice the king put him in prison. He refused to eat and later died there.
  • Gwisil clan (鬼室氏) – collateral branch of the royal family.
    • Mokuto-Ō (目圖王/目図王, ?–?), grandson of King Seong, the Korean reading of his name is "Mokdo-wang". He is ancestor of the Oka no muraji clan (岡連氏) and Gwisil clan. Father of Oku no muraji no Anki.
    • Oka no muraji no Anki (岡連安貴, ?–?), known in Baekje as "Angwi". Father of Gwisil Jeongin
    • Gwisil Jeongin (鬼室貞仁, ?–?), father of Boksin, seems to be first to take the name "Gwisil".
    • Gwisil Boksin (귀실복신, 鬼室福信, ?–663), famous as the general who led the Baekje Revival Movement but was killed by Buyeo Pung after he changed sides.
    • Gwisil Jipsa (귀실집사, 鬼室集斯, ?–688), son of Gwisil Boksin who settled in Japan. He was a Dalsol (達率, 2nd court rank) who was granted the rank of Lower Shokin (小錦下) by Emperor Tenji and became Head of the Department of Education in the Japanese court.
    • Gwisil Jipsin (귀실집신, 鬼室集信, ?–?), son of Gwisil Boksin who settled in Japan.
  • Heukchi clan (黑齒氏) – collateral branch of the royal family.
    • Heukchi Mundae (흑치문대, 黑齒文大, ?–?), head of the Heukchi clan, in the Heuk-chi area.
    • Heukchi Deokhyeon (흑치덕현, 黑齒德顯, ?–?), head of the Heukchi clan, in the Heuk-chi area.
    • Heukchi Sacha (흑치사차, 黑齒沙次, ?–?), head of the Heukchi clan, in the Heuk-chi area.
    • Heukchi Sangji (흑치상지, 黑齒常之, 630–689), general who became a leader of the Baekje Revival Movement, and later a Tang dynasty general.
  • Jin clan (眞氏) – one of the "Great Eight Families" of Baekje.
    • Jin Hwe (진회, 眞會, ?–?) of "North-bu" (northern district) was appointed Marshal Bulwark of the Right in 38AD. He is the first recorded person from the clan.
    • Jin Gwa (眞果, ?–?) of "North-bu" (northern district) is ordered in 214 to attack a Mal-gal castle. He led 1,000 soldiers to attack and take the Mohe castle of Seokmun.
    • Jin Chung (진충, 眞忠, ?–?), appointed "Jwa'jang" (Commanding General) and entrusted with military affairs.
    • Jin Mul (진물, 眞勿, ?–?), appointed in 247 as "Jwa'jang" (Commanding General) and entrusted with military affairs.
    • Jin Ga (진가, 眞可, ?–?), appointed in 261 as Finance Minister (Minister of the Treasury).
    • Jin Yi (眞義, ?–?), appointed in 331 as Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior.
    • Jin Jeong (진정, 眞淨, ?–?), appointed in 347 as Minister of Justice and is recorded as a "relative of the Queen".
    • Jin Godo (진고도, 眞高道, ?–?), general and father of the queen of King Geungusu of Baekje.
    • Lady Ai (阿尒夫人), daughter of Jin Godo who was a General for his father. Queen of Geungusu of Baekje.
    • Jin Gamo (진가모, 眞嘉謨, ?–?), ordered in 390 to attack Goguryeo and captured To-kon-seong and 200 prisoners. He was appointed Jwa'pyeong in charge of military affairs.
    • Jin Mu (진무, 眞武, ?–407), appointed "Jwa'jang" (Commanding General) and entrusted with military affairs. He was the King's maternal uncle. Attacked Goguryeo in 393 and 395, died 407.
    • Lady Palsu (八須夫人, ?–?), is from the Jin clan. Queen of Jeonji of Baekje.
    • Jin Nam (진남, 眞男, ?–?), general who was sent in 478 with 2,000 men to capture Daedu Castle from the rebels Yeon Sin and Hae Gu but he failed.
    • Jin Ro (진로, 眞老, ?–?), general who was sent in 478 after Jin Nam's failure with 500 men and defeated the rebels. Yeon Sin fled to Goguryeo and the Jin clan gained strength.
  • Hae clan (解氏) – one of the "Great Eight Families" of Baekje.
    • Hae Ru (해루, 解婁, 55BC–34AD), one of the ten founding members of Baekje, held the title of Ubo (右輔, Marshal Bulwark of the Right). When he died the king, Daru of Baekje mourned greatly for him.
    • Hae Gu (해구, 解仇, ?–?), (Not same as the later Hae Gu). He was appointed in 312 as Minister of Military Affairs (Byeong'gwan-jwa'pyeong, 兵官佐平).
    • Hae Chung (해충, 解忠, ?–?), helped Jeonji of Baekje become king and was appointed Dalsol (達率, 2nd court rank).
    • Hae Su (해수, 解須), appointed 407 as Naebeop-jwa’pyeong (內法佐平, Minister of Rituals).
    • Hae Gu (해구, 解仇, ?–478), (Not same as the earlier Hae Gu). He was Minister of Military Affairs (Byeong'gwan-jwa'pyeong, 兵官佐平) who led a rebellion.
    • Hae Myeong (해명, 解明, ?–501), Hansol (扞率, 5th court rank) who led a rebellion.
  • Mok clan (木氏) – one of the "Great Eight Families" of Baekje.
    • Mok Nageunja (목라근자, 木羅斤資, ?–?), general for the Kings Geunchogo and Geungusu who was in charge of the area of the Gaya confederacy.
    • Mok Manchi (목만치, 木滿致, 403–475), son of Mok Nageunja. Ilbonseogi (日本書紀) documents show that the Mok-Manchi (木滿致), Gigak-skune (紀角宿禰), and Giseangban-skune (紀生磐宿禰) worked between the Korean Peninsula and Japanese archipelago in the 5th century.
    • Mok Hyeopmaesun (목협매순, 木劦昧淳, ?–?), politician who worked with the Gaya confederacy.
    • Mok Hyeopman'na (목협마나, 木劦麻那, ?–?), politician who worked with the Gaya confederacy.
    • Mok Hyeopgeumdon (목협금돈, 木劦今敦, ?–?), politician who worked with the Gaya confederacy.
    • Mok Hyeopmuncha (목협문차, 木劦文次, ?–?), politician who worked with the Gaya confederacy.
  • Yeon clan (燕氏) – one of the "Great Eight Families" of Baekje.
    • Yeon Sin (연신, 燕信, ?–478), rebelled against Samgeun of Baekje.
    • Yeon Dol (연돌, 燕突, ?–?), appointed Dalsol (達率: 2nd official rank) in 490 and then in 497 appointed Minister of Defense (Byeong'gwan-jwa'pyeong, 兵官佐平) when the previous Minister of Defense, Jin Ro, died.
    • Yeon Mo (연모, 燕謨, ?–?), was a general who was sent in 529 to defend Baekje when the King of Goguryeo, Anjang of Goguryeo attacked from the North. There is a theory that the man called "灼莫古" who was sent to Japan in 516 is the same person as Yeon Mo.
    • Yeon Hoe (연회, 燕會, ?–?), was a general who in 540 surrounded Usanseong Fortress (牛山城) of Goguryeo but King Anwon of Goguryeo attacked and set them to flight.
  • Guk clan (國氏) – one of the "Great Eight Families" of Baekje.
    • Guk Jimo (국지모, 國智牟, ?–?), in February, 616, he was sent as a diplomat to the Sui dynasty of China to coordinate a time for a military expedition to Goguryeo. Then Xi Lu, an official from the Department of State Affairs in Sui was sent to Baekje by Emperor Yang of Sui to discuss cooperative relations.
  • Baek clan (苩氏) – one of the "Great Eight Families" of Baekje.
    • Baek Ga (백가, 苩加, ?–501), (Not same as the later Baek Ga). He was appointed 486 as Minister of the Royal Guards (Wisa-jwa’pyeong, 衛士佐平). In 501 he was ordered to defend the Buyeo-Garim Fortress but grew resentful and began a rebellion and had the king assassinated while he was hunting. When the king's son, Muryeong of Baekje returned from Japan he defeated Baek Ga and had him killed and his body thrown into the river.
    • Baek Ga (백가, 白加, ?–?), (Not same as the earlier Baek Ga). It seems that he was one of the best craftsmen of Baekje and was dispatched to Japan in 588 to build the first Buddhist temple of Japan. It was completed in 596. His work had a great influence on later Japanese artwork.
    • Baek Maesun (백매순, 白昧淳, ?–?), was a Jangdeok (將德: 7th official rank). He was an architect and in 588 helped build a pagoda for King Wideok.
    • Baek Gi (백기, 苩奇, ?–?), appointed Dalsol (達率: 2nd official rank). In 602, King Mu attacked and took Amak Mountain Fortress (阿莫山城) of Silla and he was ordered to attack four other fortresses. In 616 he was given 8,000 soldiers and attacked Silla.
  • Sa clan (沙氏) – one of the "Great Eight Families" of Baekje.
    • Sa Du (사두, 沙豆, ?–?), served as a general for King Asin against Goguryeo.
    • Sataek Giru (사택기루, 沙宅己婁, ?–?), is recorded in 543 as the Chief Minister (Sang-jwa'pyeong, 上佐平) when King Seong held a war meeting to decide how to take back the land of the Gaya confederacy.
    • Lady Sataek (사택왕후, 沙宅王后, ?–642), Queen of King Mu and daughter of the Minister Sataek Jeokdeok (사택적덕, 沙宅積德).
    • Sataek Jeokdeok (사택적덕, 沙宅積德), Minister for King Mu, father of Lady Sataek, queen of King Mu.
    • Sa Geol (사걸, 沙乞, ?–?), was a general who in 627 was ordered to attack two fortresses of Silla. He destroyed them and took over 300 men and woman as prisoners.
    • Sataek Sangyeo (사타상여, 沙咤相如, ?–?), was a general who after the fall of Baekje in 660 joined the revival movement and won back 200 castles but after surrendered when he was defeated by the Silla-Tang alliance.
  • Hyeop clan (劦氏) – one of the "Great Eight Families" of Baekje.
  • Hoehoe (茴會, ?–?), in 213 he caught a white deer and presented it to the King, Chogo of Baekje. The King deemed it a felicitous omen and gave him 100 stones of grain.
  • Sagi (斯紀, ?–?), had mistakenly injured the hoof of the king's steed, feared punishment and fled to Goguryeo. He returned to Baekje and told the king Geungusu of Baekje about Goguryeo's military strength, leading to Geungusu attacking them successfully.
  • Domi (都彌, ?–?), his wife was wanted by king Gaeru of Baekje but because she was faithful to her husband, Domi's eyes were plucked out and they ran away to Goguryeo.
  • Jaejunggeollu, former Baekje general who he had been exiled and defected to Goguryeo. Jaejunggeollu gave his former king first a deep bow, and then spat in his face three times. Gaero was taken as prisoner of war.
  • Seo-dong (서동, 薯童, ?–?), a poor man who taught songs to children from Silla and made problems for King Mu of Baekje.
  • Heung Su (흥수, 興首, ?–?), Prime Minister of the last king of Baekje, Uija of Baekje, who advised the king how to save the kingdom but was exiled. Portrayed by Kim Yu-seok in the 2011 KBS1 TV series Gyebaek.
  • Gyebaek (계백, 階伯 ?–660), general who defended Baekje during its fall with 5,000 men. Portrayed by Lee Seo-jin and Lee Hyun-woo in the 2011 MBC TV series Gyebaek.

Buddhist monks

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  • Marananta (마라난타, 摩羅難陀), Buddhist monk from Gandhara in modern-day Pakistan, that brought Buddhism to the southern Korean peninsula in the 4th century CE.
  • Gyeomik (겸익, 謙益), monk from Baekje who was sent to India to bring back information on Buddhism.
  • Dochim (도침, 道琛, ?–661), leader of the Baekje restoration movement with Gwisil Boksin who had him killed.
  • Hozo, immigrant to China who was knowledgeable about this tradition–its influence having reached the Korean kingdom–as well as conversant with practices from Tao honjing's region that were outside the written transmission.
  • Hyechong (혜총, 慧灌, ?–?), travelled to Japan in the Asuka period to transmit Buddhism.
  • Gwalleuk (관륵, 觀勒, ?–?), travelled to Japan in the Asuka period to transmit Taoism and Buddhism.
  • P'ungguk, invited to Japan to teach the Dharma by the younger brother of the Emperor, Prince Anahobe.
  • Ven, built Sudeok Temple (Sudeoksa) in 599.
  • Sungje, built Sudeok Temple (Sudeoksa) in 599.
  • Jimyeong, built Sudeok Temple (Sudeoksa) in 599.
  • Hye-Gu, built Naeso Temple (Naesosa) in 633.
  • Wonchuk (613–696 AD), lived in China many years to learn Confucian thought before returning to Baekje.
  • Ajiki (아직기, 阿直岐, ?–?)- known in Japan as Achiki. he was sent to Japan by King Geunchogo of Baekje to teach them Confucian classics and horse rearing. He recommended Wang In to come to Japan. He became ancestor of the Achiki no Fubito clan (阿直岐史氏) of scribes.
  • Wang In (왕인, 王仁, ?–?), semi-legendary scholar who is said to have been sent to Japan by Baekje of southwestern Korea during the reign of Emperor Ōjin. He used to be associated with the introduction of the Chinese writing system to Japan.

Notes

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  1. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 23
  2. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 23
  3. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 23
  4. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 23
  5. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 23
  6. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  7. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  8. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  9. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  10. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  11. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  12. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  13. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  14. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  15. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 24
  16. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 25
  17. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 25
  18. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 25
  19. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 25
  20. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 25
  21. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 25
  22. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 26
  23. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 26
  24. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 26
  25. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 26
  26. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 26
  27. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 27
  28. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 27
  29. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 27
  30. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 27
  31. ^ Samguk Sagi, Scroll 28

See also

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