The Beatles were an English rock band from Liverpool who recorded hundreds of songs during their career. The group's "main catalogue"—songs released between 1962 and 1970—consists of 213 songs (four of which exist in different versions): 188 originals and 25 covers. Since their break-up, over 100 more songs by the group have been officially released, including live songs the group never recorded in the studio and numerous outtakes. The band also recorded several songs that remain unreleased. Often considered the most influential band of the rock era,[1] the group's music pioneered new recording techniques and was primarily responsible for pop music's evolution into an art form.[2] The majority of their recordings were produced by George Martin, who also played and composed string arrangements on multiple songs; his influence on the group led him to be referred to as the "Fifth Beatle".[3] Between 1962 and 1968, the Beatles released their songs in both mono and stereo versions;[4][5] Abbey Road and Let It Be were mixed and released only in stereo.[6] Their songs often featured differences between the mixes and the group put the most effort into making the mono mixes.[5] All mono mixes were remastered and released on The Beatles in Mono box set in 2009,[6] along with the remastering of the band's entire catalogue in stereo.[7]
Following their signing with EMI in 1962, each member of the Beatles contributed to songwriting. Their primary songwriters were the partnership of John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who composed most of the group's songs; lead guitarist George Harrison wrote 22 songs, including "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", "Something" and "Here Comes the Sun",[8] while drummer Ringo Starr wrote two songs ("Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden"),[9] and was credited as co-writer for four others.[a] While songs written by Lennon or McCartney were always credited to "Lennon–McCartney",[b] the pair wrote many songs completely separately.[12] These include "Come Together", "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "Nowhere Man" (Lennon)[13] and "Hey Jude", "Let It Be" and "Yesterday" (McCartney),[14] the last of which is one of the most covered songs of all time.[15] Artists the band covered while together included Chuck Berry ("Roll Over Beethoven", "Rock and Roll Music"),[16] Carl Perkins ("Matchbox", "Honey Don't"),[17] Larry Williams ("Slow Down", "Dizzy Miss Lizzy")[18] and Little Richard ("Long Tall Sally").[19] Cover songs were included on five of the band's core albums: Please Please Me and With the Beatles (both 1963), Beatles for Sale (1964), Help! (1965) and Let It Be (1970).[20] Lead vocals were also shared by the group, with Starr usually contributing vocals to one song per album.[21] The group were known for their harmonies, mostly two-part, but sang intricate three-part harmonies on "This Boy", "Yes It Is" and "Because".[22]
Originally rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll music,[1] the group embraced pop music in their early years ("She Loves You", "I Want to Hold Your Hand"),[23] but began to branch out into different genres, including folk rock (Help!, Rubber Soul),[24][25] country ("Act Naturally", "Don't Pass Me By")[26][27] and psychedelia (Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, Magical Mystery Tour).[1] Their 1968 self-titled album (also known as the "White Album") in particular featured a wide range of styles, including ska ("Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da"),[27] blues ("Yer Blues"),[28] hard rock ("Helter Skelter" and the single version of "Revolution"),[29][30] and a musique concrète sound collage ("Revolution 9").[23][27] The group also composed numerous ballads, including "Michelle" and "The Long and Winding Road".[31][32] During their career, the Beatles introduced more innovations into popular music than any other rock band of the 20th century.[1] Some of these include one of the first uses of guitar feedback in music ("I Feel Fine"),[33] the first use of a fade-in in a pop song ("Eight Days a Week"),[34][35] use of tape loops ("Tomorrow Never Knows"),[36] using the recording studio as an instrument (Revolver and Sgt. Pepper)[37] and popularising the Indian sitar in pop music ("Norwegian Wood");[38] Harrison further embraced Indian music on songs such as "Love You To", "Within You Without You" and "The Inner Light".[39] Abbey Road (1969) featured prominent use of the Moog synthesiser and the Leslie speaker, along with a medley of song fragments edited together to form a single piece.[40]
Along with their main catalogue, over 100 previously unreleased songs have been released on numerous live albums, compilations, and deluxe editions. These include demos, outtakes, songs the group only recorded live and not in the studio and, for The Beatles Anthology in the 1990s, two reunion songs: "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love".[41] A final reunion song, "Now and Then", was released in 2023.[42] The Beatles remain one of the most acclaimed and influential artists in popular music history.[1][43] Their songs have been covered thousands of times by a wide range of artists and continue to be celebrated throughout the world.[15]
Main songs
edit
Between 1963 and 1966, the Beatles' songs were released on different albums in the United Kingdom and the United States. In the UK, 30 songs were released as non-album singles, while appearing on numerous albums in the US. Since the remastering of the band's catalogue on CDs in the 1980s, the Beatles have a primary "core catalogue" of 14 albums:[44]
- Please Please Me (1963)
- With the Beatles (1963)
- A Hard Day's Night (1964)
- Beatles for Sale (1964)
- Help! (1965)
- Rubber Soul (1965)
- Revolver (1966)
- Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
- Magical Mystery Tour (1967)[c]
- The Beatles ("The White Album", 1968)
- Yellow Submarine (1969)
- Abbey Road (1969)
- Let It Be (1970)
The catalogue also includes the 1988 compilation album Past Masters, which collected 25 of the Beatles' 30 non-album singles, along with the 1964 EP Long Tall Sally and other rarities that were commercially available in the 1960s.[44]
| Contents |
|---|
| A · B · C · D · E · F · G · H · I · J · K · L · M · N · O · P · R · S · T · W · Y |
| † | Indicates song not written by the members of the Beatles |
|---|---|
| # | Indicates song originally released as a non-album single in the UK |
Other released songs
editIn addition to their main catalogue, over 100 songs that were recorded by the group have been released. Four songs have only appeared in two of the groups' films: one in Magical Mystery Tour (1967) and three in Let It Be (1970). The first release of new recordings was Live at the BBC in 1994, which features live performances of mostly cover songs that were recorded on various BBC Light Programme radio shows between 1963 and 1965.[97] Further recordings from these shows were released on On Air – Live at the BBC Volume 2 in 2013.[98] The Beatles Anthology project in the 1990s featured rarities, outtakes and live performances across their entire career, along with the reunion songs "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love", which were recorded as demos by Lennon before his death in 1980 and completed by the surviving Beatles.[41] Another demo, "Now and Then", was attempted during the Anthology project before being completed in 2023 using AI technology developed by Peter Jackson for The Beatles: Get Back.[99] Further recordings have been released on various compilation albums and deluxe editions.
| † | Indicates song not written by the members of the Beatles |
|---|---|
| ‡ | Indicates live recording |
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ These consist of "Dig It", the instrumental "Flying", "Maggie Mae" and "What Goes On".[10]
- ^ This was due to an agreement the two made before the Beatles became famous.[11]
- ^ Magical Mystery Tour was released as a double extended play in the UK, featuring only the songs from the film, and a standard LP in the US, featuring the films tracks and the group's five other 1967 singles.[45] Eventually (in November 1976), the US version was released in the UK.[46] When remastering the Beatles' music on CD in the 1980s, EMI adopted the US LP version rather than the UK EP.[47]
- ^ a b Lead vocal credits per Castleman and Podrazik's 1976 book All Together Now.[48]
- ^ "Across the Universe" originally appeared on the charity album No One's Gonna Change Our World in 1969; this version appears on Past Masters (1988).[49] A different mix, with orchestral and choral overdubs by Phil Spector, appears on Let It Be (1970).[50]
- ^ a b Also included on Yellow Submarine (1969).[55]
- ^ Originally released in 1969 as a single (with "Get Back") and credited to "the Beatles with Billy Preston".[67]
- ^ Originally released in 1969 as a single (with "Don't Let Me Down") and credited to "the Beatles with Billy Preston".[67] This version appears on Past Masters (1988).[52] A different mix produced by Phil Spector was subsequently released a year later on Let It Be (1970).[71]
- ^ Originally recorded by Billy J. Kramer with the Dakotas and released as a single (with "Bad to Me") in 1963.[74]
- ^ First recorded and released by the Rolling Stones, the Beatles' own version appeared on With the Beatles shortly after.[76]
- ^ The single version of "Let It Be", produced by George Martin, was released in March 1970,[82] and appears on Past Masters (1988).[52] The album version, produced by Phil Spector, features an additional guitar solo and minor differences in the orchestral sections, appears on Let It Be (1970).[83]
- ^ Three different versions of "Love Me Do" exist. The first version, recorded on 6 June 1962 with Pete Best on drums,[84] appears on Anthology 1 (1995).[85] The second version, recorded on 4 September 1962 with Ringo Starr on drums,[86] was released as a UK single in 1962 and appears on Past Masters (1988).[52] The third version, recorded on 11 September 1962 with session drummer Andy White on drums and Starr on tambourine,[87] was released as a US single in 1962 and appears on Please Please Me (1963).[88]
- ^ The single version of "Revolution" has a hard rock style[30] that is in a higher key and faster tempo than "Revolution 1".[91]
- ^ "Revolution 1" has a more blues-influenced style and relaxed tempo than "Revolution". It also contains "shoo-bee-do-wop" backing vocals that are reminiscent of doo-wop music.[92]
- ^ "Revolution 9" is an avant-garde sound collage[93] that evolved from take 20 of "Revolution 1". It features numerous sound effects, tape loops and overdubs that were recorded and compiled over several sessions almost exclusively by Lennon and Yoko Ono, although Harrison provided assistance for spoken overdubs.[94]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Unterberger, Richie. "The Beatles – Biography & History". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ Frontani 2007, p. 125.
- ^ a b Dye, David (19 February 2007). "Sir George Martin Talks 'Love' On World Cafe". NPR. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 28, 134, 163–164.
- ^ a b Boilen, Bob (8 September 2009). "Mono Or Stereo: Which Beatles Box Is Better?". NPR. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ a b Roberts, Randall (9 September 2014). "Review: Is 'The Beatles in Mono' necessary? Yes and no". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ Eccleston, Danny (9 September 2009). "Beatles Remasters Reviewed". Mojo. Archived from the original on 7 October 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 145: "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", 171: "Something", 178–179: "Here Comes the Sun".
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 137, 174.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 167: "Dig It", 123: "Flying", 166: Maggie Mae", 67: "What Goes On".
- ^ Garcia, Gilbert (27 January 2003). "The ballad of Paul and Yoko". salon.com. Archived from the original on 19 June 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ Everett 2001, p. 200.
- ^ MacDonald 2005, pp. 355: "Come Together"; Sheff 2000, pp. 153: "Strawberry Fields Forever"; Everett 2001, p. 322: "Nowhere Man"
- ^ Miles 1997, pp. 465: "Hey Jude", 20: "Let It Be", 201–204: "Yesterday".
- ^ a b "Most Recorded Song". Guinness World Records. 2009. Archived from the original on 10 September 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2009.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 34, 50.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 44, 51.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 44, 58.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 41.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 32–33: Please Please Me, 37: With the Beatles, 53: Beatles for Sale, 62: Help!, 199: Let It Be.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 67.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 36: "This Boy"; 54: "Yes It Is"; 184: "Because".
- ^ a b Everett 2001, p. 174.
- ^ Unterberger 2002, p. 272.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Rubber Soul – The Beatles". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 60.
- ^ a b c Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Beatles [White Album] – The Beatles". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
- ^ Everett 1999, p. 170.
- ^ Winn 2009, p. 210.
- ^ a b Doggett 2007, p. 176.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie. ""Michelle" – The Beatles". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie. ""The Long and Winding Road" – The Beatles". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 26 June 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ^ Everett 2001, pp. 265–266.
- ^ Hertsgaard 1996, p. 104.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 180.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 72.
- ^ Julien 2008, p. 162.
- ^ Rodriguez 2012, p. 69.
- ^ Lavezzoli 2006, pp. 175–184.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Abbey Road – The Beatles". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 29 May 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ a b Harry 2000, pp. 111–112.
- ^ Runtagh, Jordan (26 October 2023). "Inside the Last Beatles Song: How 'Now and Then' Brought the Fab Friends Together One Final Time (Exclusive)". People. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Kopf, Dan; Wong, Amy X. (7 October 2017). "A definitive list of the musicians who influenced our lives most". Quartz. Archived from the original on 7 October 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ a b Lewisohn 1988, pp. 200–201.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 130–131.
- ^ Carr & Tyler 1978, p. 121.
- ^ Miles 2001, p. 286.
- ^ Castleman & Podrazik 1976, pp. 157–166.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 193.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 193, 198–199.
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{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Past Masters (liner notes). The Beatles. UK & Europe: Parlophone. 1988. 7 91135 1.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Help! (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1965. PCS 3071.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n With the Beatles (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1963. PMC 1206.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e Yellow Submarine (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1969. PCS 7070.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "All You Need Is Love"/"Baby, You're a Rich Man" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1967. R 5620.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Magical Mystery Tour (LP liner notes). The Beatles. US: Capitol Records. 1967. SMAL-2835.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m A Hard Day's Night (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1964. PMC 1230.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Revolver (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1966. PMC 7009.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Please Please Me (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1963. PMC 1202.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Beatles for Sale (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1964. PMC 1240.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad The Beatles (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1968. PMC 7067/8.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "The Ballad of John and Yoko"/"Old Brown Shoe" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1969. R 5786.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Abbey Road (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1969. SO-383.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1967. PMC 7027.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "Day Tripper"/"We Can Work It Out" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1965. R 5389.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b Lewisohn 1988, p. 172.
- ^ a b "Get Back"/"Don't Let Me Down" (liner notes). The Beatles with Billy Preston. UK: Apple Records. 1969. R 5777.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Rubber Soul (LP liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1965. PMC 1267.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "From Me to You"/"Thank You Girl" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1963. R 5015.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 198–199.
- ^ "Hello, Goodbye"/"I Am the Walrus" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1967. R 5655.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "Hey Jude"/"Revolution" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1968. R 5722.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b c McCormick, Neil (17 December 2013). "The case of iTunes and the missing Beatles tracks". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 18 December 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ a b "I Feel Fine"/"She's a Woman" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1964. R 5200.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 200.
- ^ a b "I Want to Hold Your Hand"/"This Boy" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1963. R 5084.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "She Loves You"/"I'll Get You" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1963. R 5055.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ "Help!"/"I'm Down" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1965. R 5305.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "Lady Madonna"/"The Inner Light" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1968. R 5675.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "Komm, gib mir deine Hand"/"Sie liebt dich" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Odeon Records. 1964. O 22 671.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 195.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 195–198.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 16–17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Anthology 1 (CD liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1995. 7243 8 34445 2 6.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 18–19.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 20–21.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 22.
- ^ a b "Paperback Writer"/"Rain" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1966. R 5452.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b "Strawberry Fields Forever"/"Penny Lane" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1967. R 5570.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Riley 2002, p. 256.
- ^ Everett 1999, p. 174.
- ^ Winn 2009, p. 180.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 137–139.
- ^ "Ticket to Ride"/"Yes It Is" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Parlophone. 1965. R 5265.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ "Let It Be"/"You Know My Name (Look Up the Number)" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1970. R 5833.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Harry 2000, pp. 661–663.
- ^ Berman, Stuart (14 November 2013). "The Beatles On Air – Live at the BBC Vol. 2 Album Review". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (30 October 2023). "The untold story behind the last Beatles song". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d Anthology 2 (CD liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1996. 7243 8 34448 2 3.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 67, 123.
- ^ a b Spitz 2005, p. 250.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Anthology 3 (CD liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1996. 7243 8 34451 2 7.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ a b Lewisohn 1988, p. 182.
- ^ Spizer 2005, p. 225.
- ^ Everett 2001, p. 170.
- ^ a b On Air – Live at the BBC Volume 2 (CD liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 2013. TYCP-60034/5.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 16–17, 168.
- ^ a b c d e f g "The Beatles (White Album) – The Tracklisting". thebeatles.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
- ^ a b Lewisohn 1988, p. 155.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Live at the BBC (CD liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1994. 8 31796 2.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Unterberger 2006, pp. 6–8.
- ^ Sheff 2000, p. 200.
- ^ "Free as a Bird"/"Christmas Time (Is Here Again)" (liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 1963. 7243 8 82587 2 2.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 273.
- ^ Womack 2014, p. 185.
- ^ Deriso, Nick (11 February 2019). "25 Years Ago: How The Beatles Finally Reunited to Complete 'Free as a Bird'". Ultimate Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 4 March 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ^ Abbey Road (Anniversary Edition) (Box set liner notes). The Beatles. UK: Apple Records. 2019. 0602577921124.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Williams, Zachary (2 September 2010). "Paul McCartney's "Goodbye"". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 4 May 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
- ^ Sheffield, Rob (26 September 2019). "A Deluxe Edition of 'Abbey Road' Lets Us Rediscover the Beatles' Joyous Final Masterpiece". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
- ^ Unterberger 2006, pp. 6–7.
- ^ Spitz 2005, p. 287.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 18.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 55–56.
- ^ a b Everett 2001, pp. 26–27.
- ^ Sulpy & Schweighardt 1999, p. 193.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 128.
- ^ Winn 2009, p. 169.
- ^ Sulpy & Schweighardt 1999, p. 277.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 48.
- ^ Sheff 2000, p. 172.
- ^ a b Lewisohn 1988, p. 168.
- ^ Spitz 2005, pp. 227, 250–252.
- ^ Miles 2001, pp. 305–306.
- ^ Willman, Chris (27 October 2023). "The Beatles' 'Last Song,' 'Now and Then,' Is Set for Release, Along With Expanded, Remix-Filled 'Red' and 'Blue' Hits Collections". Variety. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ Lifton, Dave (4 March 2016). "How The Beatles Came Together Again to Finish John Lennon's 'Real Love'". Ultimate Classic Rock. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 167.
- ^ a b c Spitz 2005, p. 286.
- ^ Riley 2002, p. 19.
- ^ Womack 2014, pp. 264, 857.
- ^ Sulpy & Schweighardt 1999, p. 148.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, pp. 56–57.
- ^ Lewisohn 1988, p. 148.
- ^ Unterberger 2006, pp. 5–7.
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