Category 2 is the second lowest classification on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale used to classify tropical cyclones, that have 10-minute sustained winds of 47–63 knots (87–117 km/h; 54–72 mph). As of 2020[update] tropical cyclones have peaked as Category 1 tropical cyclones in the South Pacific tropical cyclone basin, which is denoted as the waters surrounding Australia to the south of the equator, between 90°E and 160°E. The earliest tropical cyclone to be classified as a Category 2 tropical cyclone was Carmen. The latest was Harold which was classified as a Category 2 tropical cyclone as it moved through the Solomon Sea.
Background
editThe Australian region tropical cyclone basin is located to the south of the Equator between 90°E and 160°E.[1] The basin is officially monitored by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Papua New Guinea's National Weather Service as well as Indonesia's Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika. Other meteorological services such as the Fiji Meteorological Service, the New Zealand MetService, Météo-France as well as the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center also monitor the basin.[1] Within the basin a Category 1 tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that has 10-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of 33–47 knots (61–87 km/h; 38–54 mph) on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1][2] A named storm could also be classified as a Category 1 tropical cyclone if it is estimated, to have 1-minute mean maximum sustained wind speeds of between 64–82 knots (119–152 km/h; 74–94 mph) on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.[1][3] However, this scale is not officially used in the Australian, however, various agencies including NASA also use it to compare tropical cyclones.[1] A Category 1 tropical cyclone is expected to cause some damage, if it significantly impacts land at or near its peak intensity.[2][3]
Systems
edit1960/70s
edit| Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Audrey | 7–14 January 1964 | Not specified | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | Extensive | None | [4] |
| Dawn | 15–16 February 1970 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | New Caledonia | [5] | ||
| Gertie | 13–15 February 1971 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Queensland | [6] | ||
| Ida | 17–18 February 1971 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | New Caledonia | [7] | ||
| Lena | 14–18 March 1971 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | New Caledonia | [8] | ||
| Carlotta | |||||||
| Wendy | |||||||
| Belinda | |||||||
| Ida | 30 May – 1 June 1972 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Caledonia | [9] | ||
| Leila–Gertrude | |||||||
| Annie | |||||||
| Una | |||||||
| Erica | |||||||
| Fiona–Gwenda | |||||||
| Vera | |||||||
| Wanda | 20–25 January 1974 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Queensland, New South Wales | None | [10] | |
| Yvonne | 8–15 February 1974 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | [11] | |||
| Jenny (1974) | |||||||
| Marcia (1974) | |||||||
| Norah (1974) | |||||||
| Penny (1974) | |||||||
| Gloria (1975) | |||||||
| Robyn-Deborah | 14 – 29 February 1975 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Madagascar | [12] | ||
| Shirley (1975) | |||||||
| Wilma (1975) | |||||||
| Vida (1975) | |||||||
| Clara (1975) | |||||||
| Alice (1976) | |||||||
| Dawn (1976) | |||||||
| Harry (1976) | |||||||
| Tom (1977) | |||||||
| Sam–Celimene (1977) | |||||||
| Gwen (1978) | |||||||
| Brenda (1978) | |||||||
| Hal (1978) | |||||||
| Greta (1979) | |||||||
| Ivan (1979) | |||||||
| Jane (1979) | |||||||
| Kevin | 2–12 May 1979 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [13][14] |
| Tony (1979) | |||||||
1980s
edit| Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Clara (1980) | |||||||
| Ruth (1980) | |||||||
| 27P (1980) | |||||||
| Dan (1980) | |||||||
| Eddie (1981) | |||||||
| Cliff (1981) | |||||||
| Bruno (1982) | |||||||
| Daphne–Fifi (1982) | |||||||
| Errol (1982) | |||||||
| Graham (1982) | |||||||
| Harriet (1982) | |||||||
| Esther (1983) | |||||||
| Sharon (1983) | |||||||
| Tim (1984) | |||||||
| Harvey (1984) | |||||||
| Ferdinand (1984) | |||||||
| Lance | 4–7 April 1984 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Queensland | N/A | None | [15] |
| Monica (1984) | |||||||
| Nigel | 14 – 16 January 1985 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Queensland | None | None | [16][17] |
| Pierre | 18 – 24 February 1985 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Queensland | Minimal | None | [18][19] |
| Tanya | 27 March – 4 April 1985 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Cape York Peninsula | Minimal | None | [20][21] |
| Gretel | 9 – 14 April 1985 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Northern Territory | [22][23] | ||
| Pancho (1986) | |||||||
| Selwyn (1986) | |||||||
| Tiffany (1986) | |||||||
| Alison–Krisostoma (1986) | |||||||
| Irma (1987) | |||||||
| Damien (1987) | |||||||
| Jason | 5–14 February 1987 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Northern Territory | N/A | None | |
| Kay (1987) | |||||||
| Agi | 8–16 January 1988 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia | N/A | None | [24] |
| Barisaona (1988) | |||||||
| Charlie | 21 February – 1 March 1988 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Queensland | 1 | [25] | |
| Delilah | 28 December 1988 – 4 January 1989 |
100 km/h (65 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | New Caledonia, New Zealand | N/A | 2 | |
| Meena (1989) | |||||||
| Pedro (1989) | |||||||
1990's
edit| Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Tina | 25 – 28 January 1990 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Western Australia | Minor | None | [26] |
| Nancy | 28 January – 4 February 1990 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Queensland, New South Wales, New Zealand | Unknown | Unknown | [27] |
| Walter – Gregoara |
3 – 13 March 1990 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [28] |
| Hilda | 4 – 13 March 1990 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | [29] |
| Chris | 15 – 21 February 1991 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [30] |
| Daphne | 21 – 28 February 1991 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Northern Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [31] |
| Kelvin | 24 February – 6 March 1991 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Queensland | Unknown | Unknown | [32][citation needed] |
| Elma | 2 – 5 March 1991 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Queensland | None | None | [33][citation needed] |
| Fifi | 14 – 21 April 1991 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [34][citation needed] |
| Lisa | 7 – 11 May 1991 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu | None | None | [35][36] |
| Mark | 6 – 11 January 1992 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | Unknown | Unknown | [37][citation needed] |
| Lena | 22 January – 2 February 1993 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | None | None | None | [38] |
| Roger | 12 – 20 March 1993 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Solomon Islands, New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | [39][citation needed] |
| Monty | 6 – 13 April 1993 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [40] |
| Willy | 26 April – 2 May 1994 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Cocos Islands | None | None | [41] |
| Ethel | 7 – 13 March 1996 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | Unknown | Unknown | [42][citation needed] |
| Jenna | 1 – 6 May 1996 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | None | None | None | [43] |
| Ophelia | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [44] | |
| Fergus | 22 – 25 December 1996 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Vanuatu New Caledonia, New Zealand |
Unknown | Unknown | [45][citation needed] |
| Phil | 22 December 1996 – 3 January 1997 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Northern Australia, Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [46][citation needed] |
| 18S | 7 – 12 January 1997 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | None | None | None | [47] |
| Harold | 16 – 19 February 1997 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | [48][citation needed] |
| Nute | 19 – 21 November 1997 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | None | None | None | [49] |
| Les | 21 January – 2 February 1998 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Northern Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [50][citation needed] |
| Nathan | 19 – 30 March 1998 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Queensland | None | None | [51][52] |
| Cathy | 21 January – 2 February 1999 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [53] |
| Pete | 21 January – 2 February 1999 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | [54][citation needed] |
| Hamish | 19 – 21 April 1999 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [55] |
| Ilsa | 9 – 17 December 1999 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Christmas Island, Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [56][citation needed] |
2000's
edit| Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Steve | 25 February – 11 March 2000 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Northern Australia, Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [57][citation needed] |
| Olga | 14 – 20 March 2000 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [58] |
| Hudah | 22 – 25 March 2000 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Madagascar, Mozambique | Unknown | Unknown | [59][citation needed] |
| Vaughan | 3 – 7 April 2000 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Queensland | Unknown | Unknown | [60][citation needed] |
| Terri | 28 January – 1 February 2001 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [61] |
| Vincent | 12 – 15 February 2001 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [62] |
| Alistair | 14 – 24 April 2001 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | Minor | None | [63] |
| Alex – Andre | 26 – 31 October 2001 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | None | None | None | [64] |
| Bessi – Bako | 26 November – 5 December 2001 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [65] |
| Bernie | 30 December 2001 – 6 January 2002 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Northern Territory | Unknown | Unknown | [66][citation needed] |
| Des | 3 – 7 March 2002 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Eastern Australia, New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | [67][citation needed] |
| Bonnie | 10 - 14 April 2002 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Timor, Indonesia | Unknown | Unknown | [68][citation needed] |
| Unnamed | 4 - 25 January 2003 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [69][citation needed] |
| Craig | 7 - 12 March 2003 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | Unknown | Unknown | [70][citation needed] |
| Linda | 28 January – 1 February 2004 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [71] |
| Fritz | 10 – 15 February 2004 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Northern Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [72] |
| Nicky - Helma | 7 – 10 March 2004 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [73] |
| Grace | 21 – 23 March 2004 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [74] |
| Sally | 6 - 10 January 2005 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [75] |
| Daryl | 17 - 23 January 2006 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [76] |
| Kate | 22 - 23 February 2006 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Torres Strait | Unknown | Unknown | [77][78] |
| Hubert | 2 - 8 April 2006 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [79] |
| Nelson | 5 - 7 February 2007 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | Unknown | Unknown | [80] |
| Lee - Ariel | 11 - 15 November 2007 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | None | None | None | [81] |
| Melanie | 27 December 2007 - 2 January 2008 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 962 hPa (28.41 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [82] |
| Helen | 31 December 2007 - 7 January 2008 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Northern Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [83][84] |
| Ophelia | 29 February - 7 March 2008 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | None | None | [85] |
| Rosie | 20 - 24 April 2008 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Christmas Island | Unknown | None | [86] |
| Durga | 20 - 26 April 2008 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | None | None | None | [87] |
| Anika | 17 - 22 November 2008 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | None | None | [88] |
| Dominic | 24 - 27 January 2009 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [89] |
| Jasper | 23 - 24 March 2009 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | [90] |
2010's
edit| Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Olga | 21 - 30 January 2010 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 983 hPa (29.03 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Queensland, Northern Territory | Unknown | Unknown | [91] |
| Robyn | 20 - 25 April 2010 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | [92] |
| Sean | 20 - 25 April 2010 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | None | None | None | [93] |
| Abele | 3 - 5 December 2010 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [94] |
| Anthony | 23 - 31 January 2011 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Queensland | Unknown | Unknown | [95] |
| Grant | 21 – 29 December 2011 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | Unknown | Unknown | [96] |
| Iggy | 23 January – 3 February 2012 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) | Western Australia | None | None | [97] |
| Jasmine | 31 January – 6 February 2012 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 976 hPa (28.82 inHg) | Queensland, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Tonga | Unknown | Unknown | [98] |
| Koji–Joni | 5 – 8 March 2011 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | None | None | None | [99] |
| Tim | 12 – 20 March 2013 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Cape York Peninsula | Unknown | Unknown | [100] |
| Dylan | 24 – 31 January 2014 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 974 hPa (28.76 inHg) | Queensland | Unknown | Unknown | [101][102] |
| 09U | 31 January – 13 February 2014 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Northern Territory, Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [103][104] |
| Bakung | 10 – 13 December 2014 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 991 hPa (29.26 inHg) | None | None | None | [citation needed] |
| Stan | 27 January – 1 February 2016 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Western Australia & Southern Australia | Minor | None | [105] |
| Uriah | 10 – 14 February 2016 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Cocos Islands | Minor | None | [106] |
| Tatiana | 9 – 15 February | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Queensland | Minor | None | [107][108] |
| Alfred | 15 – 22 February 2017 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Queensland, Northern Territory | Minor | None | [109][110] |
| Blanche | 1 – 6 March 2017 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) | Western Australia, Northern Territory | Minor | None | [111] |
| 22U | 20 – 23 March 2017 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [112] |
| Dahlia | 25 November – 4 December 2017 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Indonesia, Christmas Island | Unknown | Unknown | [113][114] |
| Hilda | 26 – 29 December 2017 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [115] |
| Iris | 24 March – 9 April 2018 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Queensland | Unknown | Unknown | [116] |
| Penny | 30 December 2018 - 9 January 2019 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 987 hPa (29.15 inHg) | Queensland | Unknown | Unknown | [113][117] |
| Oma | 20 - 23 February 2019 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Cape York | Unknown | Unknown | [118][119] |
| Wallace | 3 - 12 April 2019 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | None | None | None | [120] |
| Ann | 7 - 18 May 2019 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) | Solomon Islands, Northern Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [113] |
2020's
edit| Name | Duration | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| Imogen | 1 - 6 January 2021 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Northern Territory, Queensland | Minimal | None | [121] |
| Lucas | 24 January - 1 February 2021 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Queensland, New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | [122] |
| Odette | 3 - 10 April 2021 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Western Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [123] |
| Ruby | 9 - 15 December 2021 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | New Caledonia | Unknown | Unknown | [124] |
| Seth | 23 December 2021 - 7 January 2022 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | Northern Territory, Eastern Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [125] |
| Tiffany | 8 - 17 January 2022 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | Northern Australia | Unknown | Unknown | [126] |
| Anika | 24 February - 4 March 2022 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | Western Australia | Minimal | None | [127] |
| Billy | 12 - 17 March 2022 | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | None | None | None | [128] |
| Karim | 7 - 11 May 2022 | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | None | None | None | [129] |
Other systems
editRSMC La Reunion classifies Tropical Cyclone Melanie-Bellamine as a severe tropical storm while in the Australian region with 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 95 km/h (60 mph).
Climatology
edit| Month | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| January | |
| February | |
| March | |
| April | |
| May | |
| June | |
| July | |
| August | |
| September | |
| October | |
| November | |
| December |
| Decade | Number of storms |
|---|---|
| 1970s | |
| 1980s | |
| 1990s | |
| 2000s | |
| 2010s | |
| 2020s |
Notes
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (2024). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2024 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
- ^ a b 2017/2018 Tropical Cyclone Season Summary of Alerts and Warnings Procedures for Fiji (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. 23 October 2017. pp. 3 & 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2018.
- ^ a b Schott, Timothy; Landsea, Christopher; Hafele, Gene; Lorens, Jeffrey; Taylor, Arthur; Thrum, Harvey; Ward, Bill; Willis, Mark; Zaleski, Walt (2 January 2019). The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 4 June 2019.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Audrey (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Cyclone Dawn (1970041S14139)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Cyclone Gertie (1971042S17150)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Cyclone Ida (1971046S17158)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "1971 Tropical Cyclone Lena (1971072S13155)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "1972 Tropical Cyclone Ida (1972151S05156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "1974 Tropical Cyclone Wanda (1974021S18149)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ "1974 Tropical Cyclone Yvonne (1974039S18153)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ "1970 Tropical Cyclone Deborah-Robyn (1975014S11091)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ^ Broadbridge, L.W. (3 September 1979). "The Australian Tropical Cyclone Season 1978–79" (PDF). Australian Meteorological Magazine (27). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Kevin. 2 – 12 May 1979". bom.gov.au. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ "1984 Tropical Cyclone Lance (1984094S14156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Nigel (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ "1985 Tropical Cyclone Nigel (1985014S16151)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ "1985 Tropical Cyclone Pierre (1985049S12143)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Pierre (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Tanya (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ "1985 Tropical Cyclone Tanya (1985086S13152)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ Tropical Cyclone Gretel (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
- ^ "1985 Tropical Cyclone Gretel (1985101S10136)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Agi". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Charlie". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2010. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
- ^ Ready, Steve; Woodcock, Frank (2 June 1992). "The South Pacific and Southeast Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season 1989–90" (PDF). Australian Meteorological Magazine. 40: 111–121. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ^ "1990 Severe Tropical Cyclone Nancy (1990027S18156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- ^ "1990 Intense Tropical Cyclone Gregoara:Walter (1990062S13091)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
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