This is a complete List of National Historic Landmarks in Hawaiʻi. The United States National Historic Landmark program is operated under the auspices of the National Park Service, and recognizes structures, districts, objects, and similar resources according to a list of criteria of national significance.[1] The state of Hawaiʻi is home to 33 of these landmarks, many of which relate the state's role in World War II and the archaeological remains of ancient Hawaiians, among other stories. The table below lists all 33 of these sites, along with added detail and description. They are distributed across six of the Hawaiian islands, with the greatest number (16) on Oʻahu.
Current NHLs
edit| [2] | Landmark name | Image | Date designated[3] | Location | Island | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | USS Arizona (shipwreck) | .jpg) |
May 5, 1989 (#89001083) |
Pearl Harbor 21°22′00″N 157°57′10″W / 21.3665398725°N 157.952798087°W | Oʻahu | Sunken remains of USS Arizona; destroyed in battle during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Now the centerpiece of the NRHP USS Arizona Memorial |
| 2 | USS Bowfin (submarine) |  |
January 14, 1986 (#82000149) |
Pearl Harbor 21°22′20″N 157°56′30″W / 21.3723°N 157.94168°W | Oʻahu | US Navy submarine which sank 16 Japanese vessels during World War II. Now a museum ship. |
| 3 | CINCPAC Headquarters | .jpg) |
May 28, 1987 (#87001295) |
Joint Base Pearl Harbor–Hickam 21°21′58″N 157°56′18″W / 21.3661232°N 157.938247°W | Oʻahu | Headquarters of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1942 through 1945 |
| 4 | Cook Landing Site |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000298) |
Waimea 21°57′07″N 159°39′57″W / 21.951842°N 159.665842°W | Kauaʻi | Captain James Cook landed here at the mouth of the Waimea River on January 20, 1778; He was the first European known to have sighted the Hawaiian Islands |
| 5 | Falls of Clyde (four-masted oil tanker) |  |
April 11, 1989 (#73000659) |
Honolulu 21°18′21″N 157°51′54″W / 21.305774°N 157.864961°W | Oʻahu | Only surviving iron-hulled, four-masted full rigged ship, and the only surviving sail-driven oil tanker in the world. She was for a time a museum ship, but was in 2013 being prepared for drydock. |
| 6 | Hickam Field |  |
September 16, 1985 (#85002725) |
Honolulu 21°19′57″N 157°57′13″W / 21.3325°N 157.9536°W | Oʻahu | Air Force Base which was a primary target in the attack on Pearl Harbor and played a key role throughout the World War II Pacific campaign. |
| 7 | Hokukano-Ualapue Complex | December 29, 1962 (#66000304) |
Ualapue 21°03′45″N 156°49′48″W / 21.062525°N 156.829995°W | Molokaʻi | Archaeological site; includes six heiaus (religious sites) and two fishponds | |
| 8 | Honokohau Settlement |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000287) |
Kona District 19°40′42″N 156°01′26″W / 19.678333°N 156.02389°W | Hawaiʻi | Site of an ancient Hawaiian settlement; includes fishponds, kahua (house site platforms), kiʻi pōhaku (petroglyphs), hōlua (stone slide) and heiau (religious site). |
| 9 | Huilua Fishpond |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000295) |
Kāneʻohe 21°33′27″N 157°52′06″W / 21.55743°N 157.868302°W | Oʻahu | Last surviving fishponds out of an estimated 97 such structures that once existed on coastal Oʻahu; still operational well into the 20th century |
| 10 | ʻIolani Palace | .JPG) |
December 29, 1962 (#66000293) |
Honolulu 21°18′23″N 157°51′35″W / 21.306299°N 157.859708°W | Oʻahu | Only royal palace used as an official residence by a reigning monarch in the United States |
| 11 | Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement |  |
January 7, 1976 (#76002145) |
Kalaupapa 21°11′21″N 156°58′59″W / 21.189167°N 156.983056°W | Molokaʻi | Founded in 1866 for the isolation of Hawaiians afflicted with leprosy. Now part of the larger Kalaupapa National Historical Park |
| 12 | Kamakahonu |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000288) |
Kailua-Kona 19°38′20″N 155°59′51″W / 19.639006°N 155.997586°W | Hawaiʻi | Final residence of King Kamehameha I |
| 13 | Kaneohe Naval Air Station |  |
May 28, 1987 (#87001299) |
Kailua 21°26′48″N 157°45′59″W / 21.44667°N 157.766389°W | Oʻahu | Naval airfield attacked by the Japanese seven minutes before the attack on Pearl Harbor began in order to establish air superiority |
| 14 | Kaunolu Village Site |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000303) |
South coast 20°44′05″N 156°57′52″W / 20.73472°N 156.9644°W | Lānaʻi | This former fishing village, abandoned in the 1880s, is the largest surviving ruins of a prehistoric Hawaiian village. The archaeological site is very well preserved. |
| 15 | Kawaiahaʻo Church and Mission Houses |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000294) |
Honolulu 21°18′17″N 157°51′32″W / 21.304616°N 157.858899°W | Oʻahu | Formerly the national church of the Hawaiian Kingdom and chapel of the royal family |
| 16 | Keauhou Holua Slide |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000290) |
Keauhou 19°33′44″N 155°57′30″W / 19.56234167°N 155.95847°W | Hawaiʻi | This is the largest and best-preserved hōlua course, used in the extremely toboggan-like activity restricted to chiefs. |
| 17 | Lahaina Historic District |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000302) |
Lāhainā 20°52′41″N 156°40′40″W / 20.87805°N 156.67778°W | Maui | Preserves the atmosphere of a mid-19th century Hawaiian seaport |
| 18 | Loaloa Heiau |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000301) |
Kaupo 20°38′37″N 156°07′26″W / 20.6435°N 156.12398°W | Maui | Intact examples of a large luakini heiau (state level temple) where human sacrifice was performed |
| 19 | Mauna Kea Adz Quarry |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000285) |
Mauna Kea Ice Age Reserve 19°48′01″N 155°28′04″W / 19.80028°N 155.46778°W | Hawaiʻi | Used by prehistoric Hawaiians to obtain basalt for stone tools; also includes religious shrines, trails, rockshelters, and petroglyphs. |
| 20 | Mookini Heiau |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000284) |
Hāwī 20°15′26″N 155°52′36″W / 20.2572°N 155.8767°W | Hawaiʻi | Temple erected in 480 A.D. and dedicated to Kū, the Hawaiʻian god of war |
| 21 | Old Sugar Mill of Koloa |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000296) |
Kōloa 21°54′35″N 159°28′09″W / 21.909722°N 159.469167°W | Kauaʻi | First commercially successful sugarcane plantation in Hawaii |
| 22 | Opana Radar Site |  |
April 19, 1994 (#91001379) |
Kawela 21°41′22″N 158°00′43″W / 21.68945°N 158.01197°W | Oʻahu | Commemorates the first operational use of radar by the United States in wartime, during the attack on Pearl Harbor |
| 23 | Palm Circle |  |
May 28, 1987 (#84000104) |
Honolulu 21°20′44″N 157°53′17″W / 21.34556°N 157.8881°W | Oʻahu | This portion of Fort Shafter housed the headquarters of the commanding general and his staff, U.S. Army forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, during World War II. By 1944 this command was responsible for the supply and administration of all U.S. Army personnel in the Central and South Pacific, and from 1943 to 1945, carried out logistical planning for the invasions of the Gilberts, Marshalls, Marianas, Guam, Palau, and Okinawa. |
| 24 | Piilanihale Heiau |  |
January 29, 1964 (#66000300) |
Hāna 20°47′54″N 156°02′14″W / 20.7984°N 156.0372°W | Maui | Ancient temple in Polynesia; constructed from lava blocks; dates from the 16th century |
| 25 | Pu'u O Mahuka Heiau |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000292) |
Haleʻiwa 21°38′30″N 158°03′32″W / 21.64167°N 158.0589°W | Oʻahu | Ancient temple, possibly the sacrificial site of three men from HMS Daedalus |
| 26 | Puukohola Heiau |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000105) |
Kawaihae 20°01′40″N 155°49′17″W / 20.027778°N 155.82139°W | Hawaiʻi | Ruins of Pu'ukoholā Heiau ("Temple on the Hill of the Whale"); temple built by King Kamehameha the Great between 1790 and 1791 |
| 27 | Russian Fort |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000299) |
Waimea 21°57′06″N 159°39′51″W / 21.951667°N 159.66417°W | Kauaʻi | Constructed in 1816; result of the alliance between High Chief Kaumualii and the Russian-American Company |
| 28 | South Point Complex |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000291) |
Nāʻālehu 18°54′57″N 155°40′37″W / 18.9158°N 155.6769°W | Hawaiʻi | Site of one of the earliest Hawaiian settlements, this is the southernmost point in the United States |
| 29 | United States Naval Base, Pearl Harbor | .jpg) |
January 29, 1964 (#66000940) |
Pearl Harbor 21°21′N 157°57′W / 21.35°N 157.95°W | Oʻahu | Site of the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941 |
| 30 | USS Utah (shipwreck) | _capsizing_at_Pearl_Harbor_on_7_December_1941_(80-G-266626).jpg) |
May 5, 1989 (#89001084) |
Pearl Harbor 21°22′14″N 157°57′55″W / 21.37044°N 157.9653°W | Oʻahu | The remains of USS Utah, sunk by the Japanese during the attack on Pearl Harbor |
| 31 | Wailua Complex of Heiaus |  |
December 29, 1962 (#66000297) |
Wailuā 22°02′41″N 159°20′14″W / 22.04473°N 159.3372°W | Kauaʻi | An archaeological site with four heiaus |
| 32 | Washington Place |  |
March 29, 2007 (#73000666) |
Honolulu 21°18′32″N 157°51′24″W / 21.308817°N 157.856767°W | Oʻahu | Built in 1844–1847, this was the home of Queen Liliʻuokalani, the last reigning monarch of the Hawaiian kingdom, from the time of her marriage in 1862 to her death in 1917. While living here, she saw the monarchy overthrown and Hawaiʻi annexed to the United States. It was subsequently used as the executive mansion by the territorial and state governors of Hawaiʻi until 2002.[4] |
| 33 | Wheeler Field | .jpg) |
May 28, 1987 (#87001297) |
Honolulu 21°29′12″N 158°02′38″W / 21.4867°N 158.0439°W | Oʻahu | Another primary target during the attack on Pearl Harbor, the damage caused here allowed the Japanese to maintain air superiority during the attack. |
Historical National Park Service Areas in Hawaii
editIn addition, or perhaps overlapping, are five U.S. National Park Service areas of historic orientation in Hawaii.[5] Of these, the USS Arizona Memorial, Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Kalaupapa National Historical Park, and Puukohola Heiau National Historic Site are also National Historic Landmarks and are listed above. The other one, which is also a landmark of national historic importance, is Pu'uhonua o Honaunau National Historical Park. It was established in 1955, before the National Historic Landmarks program started.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ National Park Service. "National Historic Landmarks Program: Questions and Answers". Retrieved September 21, 2007.
- ^ Numbers represent an alphabetical ordering by significant words. Various colorings, defined here, differentiate National Historic Landmarks and historic districts from other NRHP buildings, structures, sites or objects.
- ^ The eight-digit number below each date is the number assigned to each location in the National Register Information System database, which can be viewed by clicking the number.
- ^ "Interior Secretary Kempthorne Designates 12 National Historic Landmarks in 10 States" (Press release). U.S. Department of the Interior. April 4, 2007. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. Retrieved May 29, 2007.
- ^ National Park Service (April 2007), National Historic Landmarks Survey: List of National Historic Landmarks by State (Appendix C, page 112) (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on June 9, 2007, retrieved May 20, 2007.