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President of Columbia University

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The president of Columbia University is the chief officer of Columbia University in New York City. The position was created in 1754 by the original royal charter for the university, issued by George II, and the power to appoint the president was given to an autonomous board of trustees. The university suspended operations upon the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, during which no individual served as president. When it was resuscitated by the New York State Legislature, the university was placed directly under the control of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York; its chancellor, George Clinton, served as the de facto president of Columbia University.[1] Through the efforts of Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, control of the university was returned to a private board of trustees in 1787, which has to this day maintained the right to appoint or remove the president, who also serves on the board ex officio.[1] The university's first president was Samuel Johnson, who held the office from 1754 to 1763, and its current interim president is Katrina Armstrong, whose tenure began on August 14, 2024.

President of Columbia University
Incumbent
Katrina Armstrong (interim)
since August 14, 2024 (2024-08-14)
AppointerTrustees of Columbia University in the City of New York
Formation1754
First holderSamuel Johnson
Websitehttps://president.columbia.edu/

Upon the founding of the university, it was stipulated by the vestrymen of Trinity Church, on whose land King's College sat, that every president must be a member of the Church of England; otherwise, the land would revert to the church.[2] As such, every single president of the university until the appointment of Dwight D. Eisenhower was Anglican, while the first six presidents, with the exception of William Samuel Johnson, were all either Anglican priests or bishops.[3] Michael I. Sovern, appointed in 1980, was the university's first Jewish president.[4] In 2023, Minouche Shafik became the first woman to serve as president of the university.[5]

From 1902 to 1970, every president was involved in foreign relations in some capacity: Nicholas Murray Butler was the president of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace from 1925 to 1945, and was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for his promotion of the Kellogg–Briand Pact; Dwight D. Eisenhower served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force during World War II, and after his tenure would serve as President of the United States; and Grayson L. Kirk and Andrew W. Cordier were both instrumental to the formation of the United Nations.

As established by Columbia University's governing statutes, it is the duty of the president to exercise jurisdiction over all affairs of the university; to call special meetings of the University Senate, faculties, and administration; to report to the Trustees of Columbia on the state and needs of the university annually; and to administer discipline. According to the university charter and statutes, the consent of the president is necessary for any act made by a faculty or administrative board, unless their veto is overridden by two-thirds vote.[1] Additionally, the president is able to grant leaves of absences, give faculty permission to use university laboratories for experiments, and confer academic and honorary degrees on behalf of the board of trustees.[1]

The president is ex officio a permanent member of the Pulitzer Prize Board, and has annually presented the awards to its recipients since 1984.[6] In addition, the president is a member of the board of trustees of Teachers College an ex officio member of the board of trustees of Barnard College.[7][8]

List of presidents

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# Image President Birth year–Death year Years as president Notes
1   Samuel Johnson[9] 1696–1772 1754–1763 left due to economic instability at the college brought on by the French and Indian War, conflict with Presbyterians, and outbreaks of smallpox on campus
2   Myles Cooper[9] 1735–1785 1763–1775 fled to England after being confronted by an angry mob and never returned to New York
–   Benjamin Moore, B.A. 1768[9] 1748–1816 1775–1776 acting
–   George Clinton[10] 1739–1812 1784–1787 as chancellor of the University of the State of New York; 1st governor of New York and later 4th vice president of the United States
3   William Samuel Johnson[9] 1727–1819 1787–1800 signed the Constitution of the United States; served as United States Senator from Connecticut
4   Charles Henry Wharton[9] 1748–1833 1801–1801 never showed up to campus and resigned within a year
5   Benjamin Moore, B.A. 1768[9] 1748–1816 1801–1810 2nd bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of New York; resigned due to poor health
6   William Harris[9] 1765–1829 1811–1829 shared authority with Provost John Mitchell Mason until 1816; died in office
7   William Alexander Duer[9] 1780–1858 1829–1842 judge of the New York Supreme Court; resigned due to poor health
8   Nathaniel Fish Moore, B.A. 1802[9] 1782–1872 1842–1849 previously first full-time librarian of the college
9   Charles King[9] 1789–1867 1849–1864 presided over move to Madison Avenue campus; resigned due to poor health
10   Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard[9] 1809–1889 1864–1888 died in office
–   Henry Drisler, B.A. 1839[11] 1818–1897 1867, 1888–1889 acting
11   Seth Low, B.A. 1870[9] 1850–1916 1890–1901 presided over move to Morningside Heights campus; 23rd mayor of Brooklyn; left presidency to become 92nd mayor of New York City
–   John Howard Van Amringe, B.A. 1860, M.A. 1863[12] 1836–1915 1899 acting
12   Nicholas Murray Butler, B.A. 1882, M.A. 1883, Ph.D. 1884[9] 1862–1947 1902–1945 Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 1931
–   Frank D. Fackenthal, B.A. 1906[9] 1883–1968 1945–1948 acting
13   Dwight D. Eisenhower[9] 1890–1969 1948–1953 on leave while Supreme Allied Commander Europe of NATO; left position to become the 34th president of the United States the following day
14   Grayson L. Kirk[9] 1903–1997 1953–1968 retired after 1968 protests[13]
15   Andrew W. Cordier[9] 1901–1975 1969–1970 acting; took on role on a short-term permanent basis with understanding that a search would be conducted for a longer-term president
16   William J. McGill[9] 1922–1997 1970–1980 retired
17   Michael I. Sovern, B.A. 1953, J.D. 1955[9] 1931–2020 1980–1993 retired
18   George Erik Rupp[9] born 1942 1993–2002 retired; became president of International Rescue Committee
19   Lee Bollinger, J.D. 1971[9] born 1946 2002–2023 presided over construction of Manhattanville campus; retired
20   Minouche Shafik, Baroness Shafik[5] born 1962 2023–2024 resigned after the 2024 pro-Palestinian campus occupation[14]
–   Katrina Armstrong[15] 2024– interim

President's House

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Main article: President's House (Columbia University)
 
The President's House (1862–1897) at Columbia's Midtown campus

At Columbia's midtown Manhattan campus (1857–1896), a house for the president was built in 1862 near the corner of 49th Street and Fourth Avenue (later Park Avenue), which served as the home of both Charles King and Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard. It was the president's official residence until that campus' demolition in 1897.

The current house for the president of Columbia University, located on the university's Morningside Heights campus, was built in 1912, and has served as the official residence of the university president since, with the exception of during the tenure of Michael Sovern, who chose to instead continue living in his Upper East Side apartment. The house was reoccupied upon the accession of George Rupp in 1993, and has remained in use since then.[16]

Demolition of the building was considered as late as 1991,[17] though the building underwent a comprehensive renovation in 2005.[18]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Charters and Statutes" (PDF). secretary.columbia.edu. January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  2. ^ McCaughey, Robert (2003-10-22). Stand, Columbia: A History of Columbia University. Columbia University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-231-50355-6.
  3. ^ McCaughey, Robert A. (2003). Stand, Columbia : a History of Columbia University in the City of New York, 1754-2004. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13008-0.
  4. ^ "Michael I. Sovern". library.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on 2022-06-28. Retrieved 2022-06-28.
  5. ^ a b "Columbia Hires First Female Leader as Shafik Succeeds Bollinger". Bloomberg.com. 2023-01-18. Archived from the original on 2023-01-18. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
  6. ^ Topping, Seymour. "Administration of the Prizes". www.pulitzer.org. Archived from the original on 2016-04-15. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  7. ^ "Charters and Statutes | Office of the Provost". provost.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2023-07-03.
  8. ^ "Trustees | About | Teachers College, Columbia University". Teachers College - Columbia University. Retrieved 2024-05-20.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Columbia University President Profiles | Columbia University Libraries". library.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  10. ^ "Founders Online: From Alexander Hamilton to George Clinton, [26 November 1784–1 …". founders.archives.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
  11. ^ "Columbia's Deans". Columbia Daily Spectator. January 25, 1916. Archived from the original on June 27, 2021. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
  12. ^ University, Columbia (1904). A History of Columbia University, 1754-1904. Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Company, agents. Archived from the original on 2022-04-25. Retrieved 2023-06-09.
  13. ^ Operations, United States Congress Senate Committee on Government (1969). Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Government Operations. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  14. ^ "Columbia President Minouche Shafik Resigns Months After Anti-Israel Protests: Report". Times Now. 2024-08-15. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
  15. ^ Huddleston, Sarah; Vance, Shea (14 August 2024). "Shafik resigns from presidency". Columbia Daily Spectator. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
  16. ^ Mirvis, Tova (February 5, 1993). "Rupp to occupy President's House". Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  17. ^ Gray, Christopher (1991-05-12). "Streetscapes: The Columbia President's House; An Elegant 1912 Home With a Vacancy Sign Out". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-02-19.
  18. ^ "President's House | Design and Construction". designconstruct.cufo.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2024-02-19.
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