Procol Harum were an English progressive rock band from Southend-on-Sea. Formed in April 1967, the group originally consisted of vocalist and pianist Gary Brooker, guitarist Ray Royer, bassist David Knights, keyboardist Matthew Fisher, drummer Bobby Harrison and lyricist Keith Reid. The band went through a number of lineup changes over the next ten years, before disbanding in 1977. They reformed in 1991 and remained active until Brooker’s death in early 2022. The final lineup of Procol Harum consisted of Brooker, guitarist Geoff Whitehorn (from 1991), bassist Matt Pegg (from 1993), keyboardist Josh Phillips (in 1993, and from 2004) and drummer Geoff Dunn (from 2006).
History
edit
1967–1977
editProcol Harum were formed in April 1967 by former Paramounts pianist and vocalist Gary Brooker and his songwriting partner Keith Reid, who enlisted Ray Royer, David Knights, Matthew Fisher and Bobby Harrison for the group's initial incarnation.[1] For the recording of the band's debut single "A Whiter Shade of Pale", producer Denny Cordell brought in session drummer Bill Eyden in place of Harrison.[2] Shortly after the single was released, Royer and Harrison left Procol Harum to form Freedom, with Brooker's former Paramounts bandmates Robin Trower and Barrie "B. J." Wilson taking their respective positions.[3] The new lineup released Procol Harum, Shine On Brightly and A Salty Dog, before Fisher and Knights left in late 1969.[4] They were replaced by another former Paramounts member, Chris Copping.[5]
As a four-piece, Procol Harum released Home and Broken Barricades, before Trower left in July 1971 to pursue a solo career.[1] He was replaced by Dave Ball, while Alan Cartwright (a former bandmate of Wilson's in Freddie Mack's band) took over bass from Copping, who remained on organ.[6] This lineup's only release was Live: In Concert with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra, as Ball left in September 1972 during sessions for their next studio album and was replaced by Mick Grabham.[7] Grand Hotel, Exotic Birds and Fruit and Procol's Ninth followed over the next three years, before Cartwright left in June 1976; Copping subsequently reverted to bass, as Peter Solley joined as the band's new organ player.[8] The new lineup debuted on Something Magic, the band's last studio album for 14 years.[9]
In April 1977, during the promotional tour for Something Magic, Copping joined Frankie Miller's band and was replaced in Procol Harum by Elton John's former bassist Dee Murray.[10] The tour ended in May, and the following month Grabham announced that he had left the band, claiming that he had been "generally dissatisfied with my role ... for some months".[11] The band played one final show in October when "A Whiter Shade of Pale" co-won the Single of the Year award at the 1977 Brit Awards, with Brooker, Wilson and returning members Cartwright and Copping joined by guitarist Tim Renwick.[10]
1991–2006
edit
In 1991, Brooker reformed Procol Harum with guitarist Robin Trower and organist Matthew Fisher, plus new members Dave Bronze on bass and Mark Brzezicki on drums.[12] It was originally planned that B. J. Wilson would return on drums, however he died in 1990 after three years in a persistent vegetative state following a drug overdose.[13] Trower left again after recording The Prodigal Stranger, with Tim Renwick returning for the subsequent tour.[12] Renwick was replaced later in the year by Geoff Whitehorn.[14] After a tour which spawned One More Time: Live in Utrecht 1992, Fisher briefly stepped away from the band to focus on studying for a degree, with Don Snow temporarily taking over for a summer tour.[15] Laurence Cottle substituted for Bronze, who was performing with the Hamsters, at a show in August.[16]
After nearly a year of inactivity, Procol Harum performed a handful of shows in May and June 1993, with former Diamond Head keyboardist Josh Phillips filling in for Fisher and former King Crimson drummer Ian Wallace in place of Brzezicki, who had rejoined Big Country.[17] Fisher returned for shows starting in July,[17] and Matt Pegg replaced Bronze the following month.[18] Touring continued sporadically throughout the rest of the decade – Graham Broad performed drums for a run of shows in July and August 1995,[19] and Henry Spinetti took over for shows in 1996.[20] In 1997, the band played a one-off show in celebration of the 30th anniversary of "A Whiter Shade of Pale", with the regular lineup joined on several songs by former members Mick Grabham, Peter Solley, Alan Cartwright, Dave Bronze and Chris Copping.[21]
Three years passed before Procol Harum performed again, in September 2000 with returning drummer Mark Brzezicki.[22] They returned on a full-time basis the following year, touring regularly and releasing their first studio album in more than ten years, The Well's on Fire, in 2003.[23] Long-time organist Matthew Fisher left the band in June 2004 due to "unresolved matters", with former stand-in Josh Phillips taking his place again.[24] These matters were later revealed to have been a lawsuit filed by Fisher against Brooker and the band for songwriting credits and a share of royalties on "A Whiter Shade of Pale", which he won in December 2006.[25]
2006–2022
editIn the autumn of 2006, Geoff Dunn replaced Mark Brzezicki on drums.[26] The band's lineup has since remained constant since Dunn's arrival.[27] However, the group's 2017 studio album Novum was their first not to feature lyrics by Keith Reid (most were written by Pete Brown).[28]
Brooker died on 19 February 2022[29][30] with all following concerts being cancelled before and after his death, implying the band had disbanded.[31]
Members
edit| Image | Name | Years active | Instruments | Release contributions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gary Brooker |
|
|
all Procol Harum releases | |
| Keith Reid |
|
lyrics | all Procol Harum releases from "A Whiter Shade of Pale" (1967) to MMX (2012) | |
| Matthew Fisher |
|
|
| |
| David Knights | 1967–1969 | bass | all Procol Harum releases from "A Whiter Shade of Pale" (1967) to A Salty Dog (1969) | |
| Ray Royer | 1967 |
|
"A Whiter Shade of Pale" (1967) | |
| Bobby Harrison | 1967 (died 2022) |
|
"Lime Street Blues" (B-side of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" 1967) | |
| Barrie "B. J." Wilson | 1967–1977 (died 1990) |
|
| |
| Robin Trower |
|
|
| |
| Chris Copping |
|
|
| |
| Alan Cartwright |
|
|
| |
| Dave Ball | 1971–1972 (died 2015) | guitar | Live: In Concert with the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra (1972) | |
| Mick Grabham | 1972–1977 |
| ||
| Peter Solley | 1976–1977 (died 2023) |
|
Something Magic (1977) | |
| Tim Renwick |
|
guitar | none – live performances only | |
| Dee Murray | 1977 (died 1992) | bass | ||
| Dave Bronze | 1991–1993 |
| ||
| Mark Brzezicki |
|
|
| |
| Geoff Whitehorn | 1991–2022 |
|
all Procol Harum releases from One More Time: Live in Utrecht 1992 (1999) to Novum (2017) | |
| Josh Phillips |
|
|
all Procol Harum releases from One Eye to the Future: Live in Italy 2007 (2008) to Novum (2017) | |
| Matt Pegg | 1993–2022 |
|
all Procol Harum releases from Live (2002) onwards | |
| Ian Wallace | 1993 (died 2007) | drums | none – live performances only | |
| Graham Broad |
| |||
| Henry Spinetti | 1996 | |||
| Geoff Dunn | 2006–2022 |
|
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Additional musicians
edit| Image | Name | Years active | Instruments | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Don Snow | 1992 (touring) | organ | Snow temporarily substituted for Matthew Fisher, who was studying, for tour dates in May and June 1992.[15] | |
| Laurence Cottle | bass | Cottle filled in for Dave Bronze for shows in August 1992, as Bronze had prior commitments with the Hamsters.[16] | ||
| Dave Colquhoun |
|
|
Colquhoun stood in at short notice for the hospitalised Geoff Whitehorn for the live show and BBC recording at the Dominion Theatre, London, 24 November 2014.[32] He also played in two shows in Finland in December 2015.[33] | |
| Pete Brown | 2016 (session) (died 2023)[34] | lyrics | Brown, best known for his work with Cream,[35] contributed lyrics to the bands last album Novum (2017) in 2016.[36] |
Timeline
edit
Lineups
edit| Period | Members | Releases |
|---|---|---|
| April – July 1967 |
|
|
| July 1967 – September 1969 |
|
|
| September 1969 – July 1971 |
|
|
| July 1971 – September 1972 |
|
|
| September 1972 – June 1976 |
|
|
| June 1976 – April 1977 |
|
|
| April – May 1977 |
|
none – live performances only |
| October 1977 |
| |
| Band inactive October 1977 – early 1991 | ||
| Early – mid-1991 |
|
|
| August – October 1991 |
|
none – live performances only |
| December 1991 – April 1992 |
|
|
| May – June 1992 |
|
none – live performances only |
| August 1992 |
| |
| Band inactive August 1992 – May 1993 | ||
| May – June 1993 |
|
none – live performances only |
| July – August 1993 |
| |
| August – September 1993 |
| |
| Band inactive September 1993 – July 1995 | ||
| July – August 1995 |
|
none – live performances only |
| Band inactive August 1995 – February 1996 | ||
| February – April 1996 |
|
none – live performances only |
| Band inactive April 1996 – July 1997 | ||
| July 1997 |
|
none – one live performance only (also featured various former members) |
| Band inactive July 1997 – September 2000 | ||
| September 2000 |
|
none – one live performance only (also featured guest performer Mick Grabham) |
| Band inactive September 2000 – May 2001 | ||
| May 2001 – June 2004 |
|
|
| June 2004 – September 2006 |
|
|
| September 2006 – February 2022 |
|
|
Bibliography
edit- Helander, Brock (2001), The Rockin' 60s: The People Who Made the Music, New York City, New York: Schirmer Trade Books, ISBN 978-0857128119
- Johansen, Claes (2000), Procol Harum: Beyond the Pale, London, England: SAF Publishing, ISBN 978-0946719280
- Scott-Irvine, Henry (20 November 2012), Procol Harum: The Ghosts of a Whiter Shade of Pale, London, England: Omnibus Press, ISBN 978-0857128027
References
edit- ^ a b Helander 2001, pp. 546–547
- ^ "Bill Eyden". The Times. 26 October 2004. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Freedom: Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ LaFong, Carl (27 December 1969). "Notes from the Underground: Pop Groups in the '60s" (PDF). Record World. Vol. 24, no. 1176. New York City, New York: Record World Publishing. p. 34. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Johansen 2000, p. 128
- ^ Freedland, Nat (7 August 1971). "From the Music Capitals of the World: Los Angeles" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 83, no. 32. New York City, New York: Billboard Publications. p. 23. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Perrone, Pierre (28 May 2015). "Dave Ball: Lead guitarist who joined prog-rockers Procol Harum in time to feature on their seminal 1972 live album". The Independent. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Fuchs, Stephen (3 July 1976). "Talent on Stage: Points West" (PDF). Cash Box. Vol. 37, no. 7. New York City, New York: Cash Box Publishing. p. 47. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Something Magic - Procol Harum: Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ a b Scott-Irvine 2012, pp. 237–241
- ^ "Grabham: 'I've quit Procols'". NME. London, England: IPC Magazines. 11 June 1977. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ a b Caro, Mark (4 October 1991). "Procol Harum Not Quite the Equal of Its Old Material". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Seigal, Buddy (18 September 1993). "Shadings of Procol Harum". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Scott-Irvine 2012, p. 264
- ^ a b Scott-Irvine 2012, p. 270
- ^ a b "Laurence Cottle". Procol Harum: Beyond the Pale. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ a b Scott-Irvine 2012, p. 271
- ^ Scott-Irvine 2012, p. 272
- ^ Scott-Irvine 2012, p. 279
- ^ Scott-Irvine 2012, p. 283
- ^ "This Old Cat: Procol Harum at Harlequin Theatre, Redhill, 19 July 1997". Procol Harum: Beyond the Pale. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Scott-Irvine 2012, p. 289
- ^ Esch, Jim. "The Well's on Fire - Procol Harum: Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ "Procol Harum: line-up change 2004". Procol Harum: Beyond the Pale. 17 June 2004. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ "Organist wins Procol Harum battle". BBC News. 20 December 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ "What was new at 'Beyond the Pale', November 2006". Procol Harum: Beyond the Pale. 2 November 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Eder, Bruce. "Procol Harum: Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Jurek, Thom. "Novum - Procol Harum: Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
- ^ Greene, Andy (22 February 2022). "Procol Harum Frontman Gary Brooker Dead at 76 – Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ Pareles, Jon (23 February 2022). "Gary Brooker, Singer for Procol Harum, Dies at 76". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- ^ "Procol Harum 2022 : tour dates". procolharum.com. Retrieved 2 March 2023.
- ^ "Dave Colquhoun". Beyond the Pale. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "Concerts 2015". Beyond the Pale. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ Kreps, Daniel (21 May 2023). "Pete Brown, Co-Writer of Cream Classics, Dead at 82". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ Colin Larkin, Virgin Encyclopedia of Sixties Music, (Muze UK Ltd, 1997), ISBN 0-7535-0149-X, p. 80
- ^ Novum (liner notes). Procol Harum. Eagle Records. 2017. EAGCD659.
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