List of Spanish inventors and discoverers

This is a list of inventors and discoverers who are of Spanish origin or otherwise reside in continental Spain or one of the country's oversees territories.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal fathered modern neuroscience and was the first person of Spanish origin to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1906).
 
Pitcairn PCA-2 autogyro, build in the U.S. under Cierva license, 1961.
  • Francisco Díaz de Alcalá (1527-1590), urologist and doctor, wrote the first treatises on diseases of the bladder, kidneys, and urethra; he is generally regarded as the founder of modern urology.[22]
  • Carlos Fernández Casado (1905–1988), civil engineer, designer and builder of bridges and viaducts.[24]
  • Jaime Ferrán (1852–1929), doctor and researcher, creator of several vaccines against diseases including cholera and tuberculosis.[25]
  • Blasco de Garay, introduced the paddlewheel as a substitute for oars
  • Manuel García (1805-1906) singer, music educator, and vocal pedagogue, inventor of the first laryngoscope.[26]
  • Antoni de Gimbernat, (1734–1816), surgeon and anatomist, described in detail the anatomy of the inguinal and femoral regions of the human body and laid the groundwork for modern techniques of inguinal hernia repair. The lacunar ligament is named after him.[27][28]
  • Alejandro Goicoechea Omar (1895-1984), engineer, worked for and co-founded Talgo company, where he developed the Talgo trains famous design.[29]
  • Fernando Gallego Herrera, (1901-1973), civil engineer and aviator, noted for improved bridge design, an improved method for undersea tunnel construction, plans for the use of compressed air for vertical take off of aircraft in the 1930s, and the modernization of the Panama Canal.
  • Francisco Hernández (1514–1587), botanist, carried out important research about the Mexican flora.[30]
  • Juan de Herrera (1530-1597), architect, mathematician and geometer, designed the construction plans of El Escorial and the Cathedral of Valladolid among others and created a compass to measure length and width and a machine to cut iron.[31]
  • Bartolomé Hidalgo Agüero (1530-1597), doctor, developed, described and evaluated a revolutionary healing method for stab wounds [32]
  • Juan Huarte de San Juan (1529–1588), physician and psychologist, his Examen de ingenios para las ciencias was the first attempt to show the connexion between psychology and physiology.[33]
  • Gregorio Marañón (1887–1960), doctor and researcher, leading figure in endocrinology.[37]
  • Narcís Monturiol (1818–1885), physicist and inventor, pioneer of underwater navigation and the first successful machine powered submarine.[38][39]
  • José Celestino Bruno Mutis (1732–1808), botanist, doctor, philosopher and mathematician, carried out relevant research about the American flora, founded one of the first astronomic observatories in America (1762).[40]
  • Aureliano Maestre de San Juan (1828-1890), scientist, histologist, physician and anatomist credited as being one of the first scientists to recognize the disorder known as Kallmann syndrome.[41]
  • Severo Ochoa (1905–1993), doctor and biochemist, achieved the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), Nobel prize Laureate (1959).[42]
  • Federico Olóriz Aguilera, (1855-1912), doctor, created the primary fingerprint classification system used in Portugal and Spain prior to the use of computer filing systems.[43]
  • Mateu Orfila (1787–1853), doctor and chemist, father of modern toxicology, leading figure in forensic toxicology.[44]
  • Joan Oró (1923–2004), biochemist, carried out important research about the origin of life, he worked with NASA on the Viking missions.[45]
 
Isaac Peral in 1918
  • Julio Palacios Martínez (1891–1970), physicist and mathematician.[46]
  • Isaac Peral (1851–1895), engineer and sailor, designer of the first fully operative military submarine, with electric propulsion making full propulsion feasible.[47]
  • Juan Tomás Porcell (1528-1580), doctor and anatomist, carried decisive research on the Black Death and wrote influential treaties of epidemiology.[48]
 
Miguel Servet, the first European to correctly describe the function of pulmonary circulation, c. 1740

See also

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References

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  3. ^ Walsh, James J. Science in the Philippines, New York.
  4. ^ Warren, James Francis (2009). "Scientific Superman: Father José Algué, Jesuit Meteorology, and the Philippines under American Rule, 1897-1924." In Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State, Part VIII, University of Wisconsin Press.
  5. ^ Garcia, Nicholas (2007). Mas alla de la Leyenda Negra. Valencia: Universidad de Valencia. pp. 443–454. ISBN 9788437067919.
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  7. ^ American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
  8. ^ PubMed Central
  9. ^ Pablo Bonet, J. de (1620) Reduction de las letras y Arte para enseñar á ablar los Mudos. Ed. Abarca de Angulo, Madrid, ejemplar facsímil accesible en la [1] Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine, online (spanish) scan of book, held at University of Sevilla, Spain
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  11. ^ Biography Archived 2005-05-03 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
  12. ^ Remembering Cabrera
  13. ^ Journal of Physics
  14. ^ Spanish National Library - La Esfera, December 28, 1918
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  30. ^ Acuna-Soto, Rodolfo; Stahle, David W.; Cleaveland, Malcolm K.; Therrell, Matthew D. (October–December 2002). "Megadrought and Megadeath in 16th Century Mexico" (PDF). Revista Biomédica. 13 (4): 282–289. doi:10.3201/eid0804.010175. ISSN 0188-493X. PMC 2730237. PMID 11971767. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
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