Wikipedia

List of U.S. county secession proposals

The list of county secession proposals in the United States includes proposed new counties to be formed from existing counties within a given state that have not yet been formed. For counties that want to secede from their current state and to join or create another, see List of U.S. state partition proposals.

Alabama

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  • Perdido County, Alabama would contain northern Baldwin County, divided by a straight line extending westward from the northwestern tip of Florida, and western Escambia County, west of Big Escambia Creek. (The Flomaton area is excluded via a prominent power line easement, from Big Escambia Creek to the Florida state line.) The southwestern tip of Conecuh County, also west of Big Escambia Creek, may be included as well. The headwaters of the Perdido River rise near the center of this proposed county. The Perdido County seat would be Atmore. The county has been proposed by city of Atmore backers, who believe that their growing city of over 10,000 residents should be a county seat. Furthermore, county backers believe that Atmore belongs in the Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope metropolitan combined statistical area, which would become much more likely within its own exurban-leaning county. Brewton would remain the county seat of rural-leaning Escambia County. In addition to the incorporated city of Atmore, Perdido County would include the unincorporated communities of Blacksher, Canoe, Freemanville, Huxford, Nokomis, Perdido and Tensaw.

Alaska

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  • Chugiak and Eagle River are communities along the Glenn Highway between Anchorage and the Matanuska-Susitna Valley. Originally farming and homesteading communities with a distinct identity, they became better known starting in the 1970s as bedroom communities of Anchorage, and are currently located within its city limits (see below). In the wake of the incorporation of the Greater Anchorage Area Borough (in 1964) and subsequent efforts to merge the GAAB with Anchorage's city government (which began in 1966), Chugiak and Eagle River residents began their own efforts to attempt to secede from the GAAB. The culmination of these efforts, the Chugiak-Eagle River Borough, incorporated on August 27, 1974, with an area of 820 square miles (2,100 km2) and an estimated population of 5,832, before the incorporation was invalidated by the Alaska Supreme Court on April 14, 1975.[1] Five months later, the reconstituted GAAB and existing cities within its boundaries merged to form the Municipality of Anchorage. The population of Eagle River increased greatly during the 1980s and 1990s. This has led to renewed discussion during the 21st century on the part of Chugiak and Eagle River residents to secede from Anchorage.

Arizona

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  • Russell Pearce, a state legislator, has proposed a bill which would ease county splits, as part of his effort to split off the East Valley portion of Maricopa County. Two such attempts were made: the first one in the early 1990s included the cities and towns of Mesa (county seat), Chandler, Gilbert, Queen Creek, Tempe, and Guadalupe, while a second attempt in the early 2000s included the same cities and towns except for Tempe and Guadalupe. County splitting rules were made more restrictive after the formation of La Paz County in 1983, which required a significant state investment to keep the county running as the result of its small tax base.[2]
  • There is an ongoing movement in Lake Havasu City to split from Mohave County.[3]
  • In the late 1930s, differences between mining and ranching interests in Cochise County spurred a proposal to split the county, with the new county's seat at Willcox, which the state Legislature ultimately rejected.
  • Sierra Bonita County: proposed at the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature in 1885, with Willcox proposed as the county seat. The proposal died by one vote.[4]
  • In the 1980s, a bill was passed in the state legislature to create an all Indian county out of the northern halves of Navajo and Apache Counties, and the northeastern half of Coconino County. Non-Indian communities in the southern region of these counties felt that the Navajo and Hopi Nations do not pay a fair share in local taxes. The bill was vetoed by then governor Bruce Babbitt, who placed a five-year moratorium on its consideration. Subsequent attempts to revive the bill failed and the issue has not resurfaced in recent years.[5]
  • Sitgreaves County, to be formed from the southern portions of Navajo and Apache Counties.[6]
  • Butte County: In 1897, James C. Goodwin, with the support of Charles T. Hayden and others, introduced a bill at the Territorial Legislature to split Maricopa County into two, with Tempe being the county seat.[7][8] There have also been proposals, introduced in 1900 and 1913, to divide Maricopa County, with Mesa as the new county's seat.[8]
  • Mogollon County, Hohokam County, and O'odham County, to be formed from parts of Maricopa County. Proposals were introduced in 2023 by Republicans Alexander Kolodin and Jake Hoffman. Proposals to split Maricopa County had previously existed, but gained more support and attention following the 2020 presidential election.[9]

Arkansas

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California

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Colorado

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  • Platte County, authorized to be formed from Weld County in 1872 but never organized and then repealed in 1874.

Delaware

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  • After 2000, a fourth Appoquinimink County was proposed to be carved out of New Castle County. The effort intended to end the zoning restrictions of the Unified Development Code on the undeveloped farmland.[20] The proposed boundaries extended beyond the Appoquinimink Hundred to include all land south of the C&D Canal, with Middletown as the proposed seat.

Florida

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  • Two attempts to form a separate county combining parts of Levy and Marion Counties took place. The first one was Bloxham County, and the second was Call County.
  • Two attempts to form a separate county combining parts of Dade and Monroe Counties took place in 1925 and 1949; the county was to be known as Redland County and Homestead was selected as its county seat.
  • In 1947, Miami Beach attempted to form a separate city-county from parts of Dade County, with Bal Harbour, Surfside, Bay Harbor Islands, and Indian Creek also being invited to join this new entity.
  • In 1960, Miami Beach and other municipalities along the Atlantic coast, unhappy with the government structure introduced by the 1957 adoption of a charter in Dade County, unsuccessfully sought to break away as a separate county.[21]
  • In 1999, a bill was introduced in the Florida Legislature that would have allowed the City of Hialeah to vote on seceding from Miami-Dade County to form a new county.[22]
  • In the early-1990s, members of the coastal communities of Duval County that rejected consolidation with Jacksonville planned to form Ocean County.[23]
  • An attempt was made in 1935 to split off the western half of Palm Beach County lying west of Twentymile Bend into a new county, due to residents of Pahokee being dissatisfied with the poor roads and distance to Palm Beach County's seat, West Palm Beach; the county's name and its seat were never chosen.
  • In 1977, the Boca Raton City Council proposed the secession of Southern Palm Beach County into a new county, due to how large, inefficient, and neglegent they felt the county was at the time; the county's name and its seat were never chosen.
  • Due to major differences between the south end of the county (the tourist heavy side including the first and third largest communities in the county, Navarre and Gulf Breeze) and the north end (the more agriculture-based side, but where the political power is concentrated), some individuals have suggested that the south end of Santa Rosa County should break off as its own. However, while this has been suggested by some, no major or organized effort has been made to enact such actions. Names like Fairpoint County (after the peninsula the county would be focused upon) and Reagan County (for President Reagan) have been proposed, but no name has been really pushed as part of these suggestions.[24]
  • The City of Ocoee made an attempt in April 1980 to secede from Orange County due to local distain for the county's behavior towards the city.
  • The residents of Hastings tried seceding to form Hastings County, which was to be carven from Putnam and Saint John's Counties, in 1917 and 1922.
  • In 1887, a bill was introduced in the Florida Legislature that would have created a Perry County from Alachua, Bradford, Clay and Putnam Counties; a second attempt to create a county from this same area - named Santa Fe County - was later proposed in 1913.
  • An attempt was brought forward in 1983 to split the northern half of Lee County lying north of the Caloosahatchee River into a new county called Calusa County, with Cape Coral selected as the county seat.
  • In 2021, a movement attempted to create Springs County from the communities of Newberry, High Springs, Alachua, Archer, LaCrosse, and parts of Gainesville from Alachua County.[25]

Georgia

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  • Milton County or New Milton County has been proposed since the early 2000s and calls for separating the northern portion from Atlanta dominated Fulton County. Residents of north Fulton County have sought to essentially re-create the original Milton County formed in 1857 . The proposed plan included some of Georgia's largest cities such as Roswell (7th), Sandy Springs (8th), Johns Creek (12th), Alpharetta (13th), Milton (54th), as well as Mountain Park.[26]

A February 2009 study completed in collaboration between the University of Georgia's Carl Vinson Institute of Government and Georgia State University's Andrew Young School of Policy Studies gave a positive analysis of the financial viability of the proposed Milton County.[27]

Hawaii

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  • In 2006, residents of unincorporated west Hawaii County, which currently encompasses all of Hawaii Island, met to propose the formation of Cook County. The recent movement reportedly has the support of at least one state senator.

Idaho

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Illinois

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  • Lincoln County: Southern Cook County communities, upset at Chicago-centric policies of the county government, petitioned in 2004 to split off the southern portion of the county. The southern communities argue they are in financial ruin due to Cook County policies limiting their ability to attract business, but in reverse, those against the proposal note the split was proposed mainly for the leaders of those communities to evade responsibility to Cook County for persistent political corruption, cronyism, and nepotism.[28][29]
  • Marquette County: proposed county to be formed from Hancock County, which made progress in the state legislature in 1844.[30]

Indiana

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  • In 1979 a group called Citizens for Secession attempted to prompt leaders to move Cass County, Michigan to Indiana and change the name to Michiana County.[31]

Kansas

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  • Garfield County: in 1887, the area around Ravanna and Eminence split from Buffalo County (now split among Lane, Finney, and Gray counties) and organized into Garfield County. Both towns were of equal influence, and contested the award of county seat. An election that year, which involved 20 Dodge City deputies including Bat Masterson, found Ravanna to have the lead. However, Eminence discovered that illegal votes had been cast for Ravanna, and in 1889 the state supreme court overturned 60 votes, awarding Garfield County seat to Eminence. In a doomsday move, Ravanna countered by hiring surveyors to determine that the new county's land area was under the minimum allowed at the time. In 1893 the Kansas state legislature invalidated the county and annexed it to Finney. Today, both Ravanna and Eminence are ghost towns.[32][33][34][35]

Louisiana

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Massachusetts

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  • Throughout the history of Worcester County, the largest by area in the state stretching north–south and border-to-border between New Hampshire and Connecticut and Rhode Island, residents of the northern part of the county have pushed for a split. This never occurred, and is now a moot point, as in Massachusetts and Connecticut, county governments in those states have been dissolved, with responsibilities assumed by the state and municipalities within those counties, which now exist solely for historical and regional demarcation purposes.

Michigan

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Minnesota

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Nevada

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  • Residents of Nye County, mainly in Pahrump and Tonopah, have pushed as recently as 2001 for a north–south county split, perhaps with the northern portion merging with Esmeralda County. While laws making it easier to form new counties have passed since then, this split has not occurred.[38] Nye is the largest county in Nevada and the third largest in the entire U.S., although over 90% is federal land.
  • Bullfrog County was formed by the state legislature in 1987 to gain contraol of Yucca Mountain. It was disincorporated when the incorporation act was found to be unconstitutional the next year.[39]

New Jersey

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  • The municipalities of western Essex County have discussed secession from the county, to create a new West Essex County, spurred mainly by a belief that tax laws benefit the eastern portions of the county at the expense of the western municipalities. Currently, this idea is essentially a dead movement.
  • Musconetcong County, to have been formed from parts of Hunterdon and Warren Counties.

New Mexico

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  • Rio Grande County, proposed in 1927 to be created from parts of Catron County and all of Socorro County. It failed when the proposal was deemed unconstitutional.
  • South Valley County, proposed in 1995 to be created from Bernalillo County. It then failed in referendum.

New York

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North Carolina

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Ohio

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  • In 1818, residents of the Barnesville greater area petitioned the state legislature for a new county seated at the city and formed from parts of Belmont, Guernsey, and Monroe counties. The proposal was rejected.[42]

Oklahoma

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Oregon

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  • In 1984, Wilbur Ternyik promoted an effort to form the new McCall County out of the western portions of Lane County and Douglas County. The effort was stopped by its promoter at the request of the governor. Lane County is the size of Connecticut, or of Delaware and Rhode Island combined; 4,620 square miles.[43] "At the time we were being treated like a bunch of garbage, and we'd had enough of it," said Ternyik in 2005. Though the effort was not successful, Ternyik credited the effort with getting the county to treat their coastal constituents "a lot nicer," in part due to nervousness about losing timber revenue.[44]
  • In 2005, Keith Stanton began a petition to form a new county from the western portion of Lane County. The proposed county was to be named Siuslaw County. Stanton's petition was unsuccessful.[45][44] According to Stanton, a new Siuslaw County was introduced in the legislature in 1913, at the behest of the timber industry, for reasons similar to those he noted in 2005; and some Mapleton residents revived the idea in 1975, but backed off when the county agreed to improve services.[46][47]

South Carolina

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  • Birch County, to be formed from portions of Lexington and Richland counties in the Midlands region of the state. Proposed in 2013, one-third of voters in the proposed county's area would have to petition the South Carolina Legislature to create a referendum on county creation. Two-thirds of voters in the proposed area would then be required to approve the referendum.

Tennessee

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Virginia

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Washington

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  • Big Bend County, proposed in 1891.[49]
  • Buchanan County, an 1856 proposal to divide Clark County.[50]
  • Cascade County
  • Cedar County: from eastern King County.[53] A petition in support of the county collected 23,765 signatures, however the Washington Supreme Court ruled unanimously in 1998 that the state government was not obligated to act upon the petition and that the number of signatures was insufficient per the Washington State Constitution.[54] It said that signatures from half the registered voters of the affected area are required to propose a new county, shelving many county secession movements in the state. Prior to the ruling, Washington county secession movements had interpreted the law to require signatures from only half of those who voted in the most recent election.
  • Coulee County, proposed in 1905.[49]
  • Freedom County: from northern Snohomish County.[53] Claiming frustration at what they believed to be a corrupt Snohomish County government, on April 23, 1995, the would-be commissioners of Freedom County submitted to the Washington Secretary of State a petition with 12,679 signatures calling for the secession of the northern half of Snohomish County, excluding Marysville and the Tulalip Indian reservation.[55] The 1998 decision against the proposed Cedar County was described as a "major setback" for this proposal as well.[54]
  • Independence County: from the eastern portion of Whatcom County. Both Pioneer and Independence movements cite poor services and oppressive property regulations, plus favoritism towards Bellingham as reasons for their proposals. This assertion was bolstered by studies on three of Washington's county creation proposals (including Independence) undertaken by UW Professor Richard Zerbe, but refuted by Whatcom County Assessor Keith Wilnauer. Both were rumored to be backed by land developers.[56] The proposal had the most momentum in the county elections of 1993, when secessionist interests won a majority of votes on the County Council.[57][58][59] In 1994 the Independence County movement was based in Deming, Washington, organized by Doug Howard, a preacher, retail landowner, and mortgage lender. The Independence movement had ties to the Wise Use Movement, and anti-environmental interest group. The Independence movement also had ties to other county secession movements in Washington including Freedom, Pioneer, and Skykomish county proposals. Petitions to propose that Independence County be created were circulated around the proposed area between 1993 and 1994. Many signatories believed that they were signing an initiative to be placed on an upcoming ballot, but it was only a petition to the legislature. After the Washington State Public Disclosure Commission secured a disclosure hearing into the lobbying actions and finances of the organized Cedar County, Washington movement, the Independence County organized movement (as well as those of other Washington county secession movements) shut down in 1994.
  • McKinley County, proposed in 1903.[49]
  • Olympic County: from western Clallam and Jefferson counties[53]
  • Palouse County, proposed in 1891 in 1903.[49]
  • Pioneer County: from northern Whatcom County.[53] The 1998 decision against the proposed Cedar County was described as a "major setback" for this proposal as well.[54]
  • Puget Sound County: from southern King County; proposed in 1996[53]
  • Skykomish County: from southeastern Snohomish and northeastern King counties.[53] The 1998 decision against the proposed Cedar County was described as a "major setback" for this proposal as well.[54]
  • Steptoe County, proposed in 1903.[49]
  • Washington County, proposed in 1891.[49]
  • Wenatchee County, proposed in 1893.[49]
  • Whitehorse County: from northern Snohomish County in the 1970s[53][60]

Wisconsin

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  • Century County was proposed in 1997 for creation after the year 2000. The name was selected to represent "a new county for a new century."[61]
  • Montgomery County, proposed in 1846, to be created from Iowa County.
  • Tuskola County was proposed in 1850, which would be split off of Washington County. The proposed borders lie within modern Washington and Ozaukee counties.[62]

Wyoming

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References

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  1. ^ Mitchell, Elaine B., ed. (1975). Alaska Blue Book (Second ed.). Juneau: Alaska Department of Education, Division of State Libraries. p. 141.
  2. ^ [1][permanent dead link‍]
  3. ^ [2][permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ McClintock, James H. (1916). Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation's Youngest Commonwealth Within a Land of Ancient Culture, Volume 2. Arizona: S. J. Clarke publishing Company. p. 334. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
  5. ^ "AABE--Difficult race relations continue between Apaches and Whites".
  6. ^ "Study committee approved for Sitgreaves County – the Tribune".
  7. ^ Rowe, Jeremy (2011). Early Maricopa County: 1871–1920. Arcadia Publishing. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7385-7416-5. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
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  9. ^ Duda, Jeremy (January 31, 2023). "Legislative proposal would ask voters to decide on splitting Maricopa into four". Axios. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
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  11. ^ Nelson, Christina (January 30, 2003). "Is it time for a Tahoe County?". www.sierrasun.com. Retrieved May 14, 2023.
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  13. ^ 2006 Primary Election Results, Santa Barbara County, California
  14. ^ Sahagun, Louis (May 27, 1988). "Desert Dwellers Want Their Place in the Sun—Named Mojave County". Los Angeles Times.
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  25. ^ "Is a new Florida county likely? Here's Springs County explained".
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  27. ^ "Milton County Study". University of Georgia's Carl Vinson Institute of Government. Archived from the original on March 25, 2010.
  28. ^ The Leader-Chicago Bureau (November 8, 2004). "Split Vote on Cook County secession in the Southland". The Illinois Leader. Archived from the original on November 26, 2004.
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  30. ^ Glen M. Leonard, Nauvoo: A Place of Peace, A People of Promise (Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2002), p. 308 ISBN 978-1-57008-746-2
  31. ^ "Cass Commission Head Backs Linkup with Indiana". South Bend Tribune. October 25, 1979. Retrieved June 26, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
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  33. ^ "Kansas Counties". Archived from the original on June 16, 2010.
  34. ^ Garfield County – KS-Cyclopedia – 1912 Archived June 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ Buffalo County – KS-Cyclopedia – 1912 Archived November 25, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ "Skull Valley: The Documentary: Interview with Carol Overland". Archived from the original on June 24, 2002. Retrieved February 6, 2006.
  37. ^ "Pine County to remain one - vote to split fails". Archived from the original on March 17, 2005. Retrieved February 8, 2006.
  38. ^ "Pahrump Valley Times – Nye County's Largest Newspaper Circulation". Archived from the original on March 6, 2005.
  39. ^ "Nevada Governor Gives Up on Bullfrog County". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. November 1, 1987. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
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  44. ^ a b Ross, Winston (September 30, 2005). "Secession by petition not a new idea". The Register-Guard.
  45. ^ The Register-Guard, September 30, 2005, full page coverage. Siuslaw News Opinion Page, April 2005 though May 2006.
  46. ^ Ross, Winston (September 30, 2005). "Some folks in western Lane are ready to form a spinoff "Siuslaw County": Coastal residents consider carving out own county". The Register-Guard.
  47. ^ Stanton, Keith (November 7, 2005). "Siuslaw area could manage on its own as a county". The Register-Guard.
  48. ^ Modlin, Carolyn Carter (August 25, 1998). The Desegregation of Southampton County, Virginia Schools 1954-1970 (PhD thesis). Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. hdl:10919/30040. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  49. ^ a b c d e f g Smith, Charles W. (October 1913) [1909]. "The Naming of Counties in the State of Washington". Seattle: University of Washington. pp. 13–15. OCLC 8676092.
  50. ^ Smith 1913, p. 7
  51. ^ Hastie, Thomas P.; Batey, David; Sisson, E.A.; Graham, Albert L., eds. (1906). "Chapter VI: Cities and Towns". An Illustrated History of Skagit and Snohomish Counties. Chicago: Interstate Publishing Company. p. 151. LCCN 06030900. OCLC 11299996. Retrieved February 2, 2017 – via The Internet Archive.
  52. ^ Wilson, Marshall (December 2, 1964). "Darrington Residents Push Plan for New County". The Seattle Times. p. 21.
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h "Activists propose new 'Puget Sound County'". Moscow-Pullman Daily News. AP. July 11, 1996. p. 5A.
  54. ^ a b c d Hal Spencer (February 6, 1998). "New counties dealt major blow". The Spokesman-Review. AP. p. B8.
    "Cedar County Committee v. Munro (No. 64958-8)". FindLaw. February 5, 1998.
  55. ^ Herald staff (October 29, 2000). "History of 'Freedom County'". The Herald. Retrieved November 1, 2012.
  56. ^ Paul de Armond; Jim Halpin (1995) [1994]. "Steal This State". Archived from the original on February 4, 2006.
  57. ^ de Armond, Paul (August 7, 1995). "Wise Use in Northern Puget Sound". Whatcom Environmental Council. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
  58. ^ Stiles, Mike; Bittner, Dawn (October 7, 1994). "Whatcom County divided into three". The Western Front. Western Washington University. p. 8. Retrieved March 25, 2024.
  59. ^ Taber, Jay Thomas (2003). Blind Spots: A Citizen's Memoir. iUniverse. pp. 61, 66, 77. ISBN 9780595280926.
  60. ^ Aweeka, Charles (May 11, 1975). "New-county talk heard in Snohomish backlands". The Seattle Times. p. F12.
  61. ^ "New county only solution to poor service, some say". September 28, 1997.
  62. ^ Wisconsin (1850). "Acts and Resolves Passed by the Legislature of Wisconsin".
  63. ^ "New West". www.newwest.net. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
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