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A list of VLF-transmitters and LF-transmitters, which work or worked on frequencies below 100 kHz.
List of VLF transmissions
editDemolished
edit| Name / Call sign | Location | Frequency | Coordinates | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trinidad - Omega Station B | Chaguaramas, Trinidad and Tobago | 12.0 kHz | 10°41′59″N 61°38′18″W / 10.699738°N 61.638386°W | valley span antenna dismantled, station replaced by the Paynesville Liberia Station in 1976 |
| Paynesville - Omega Station B | Paynesville, Liberia | 12.0 kHz | 6°18′20″N 10°39′43″W / 6.305442°N 10.662068°W | 1,368-foot (417 m) tower demolished in 2011 |
| Kaneohe - Omega Station C | Haiku Valley, Hawaii, USA | 11.8 kHz | 21°24′17″N 157°49′51″W / 21.404811°N 157.830834°W | 5,000-foot (1,500 m) valley span antenna, decommissioned in 1997. Antenna dismantled, deteriorating transmitter building and Haiku Stairs remain |
| Bratland - Omega Station A (LEA) | Brattland, Norway | 12.1 kHz | 66°25′10″N 13°07′48″E / 66.419323°N 13.129950°E | 11,500-foot (3,500 m) valley span antenna over salt water. dismantled in 2002. Building and helix house remains |
| Plaine Chabrier - Omega Station E | Saint-Paul, Reunion Island | 12.3 kHz | 20°58′27″S 55°17′24″E / 20.974153°S 55.289973°E | 1,404-foot (428 m) tower demolished in 1999 |
| Golfo Nuevo - Omega Station F | Golfo Nuevo, Chubut, Argentina | 12.9 kHz | 43°03′13″S 65°11′27″W / 43.053524°S 65.190763°W | 1,201-foot (366 m) tower demolished in 1998 |
| Woodside - Omega Station G (VL3DEF) | Woodside, Victoria, Australia | 13.0 kHz, 18.6 kHz | 38°28′53″S 146°56′07″E / 38.481268°S 146.935326°E | 1,417-foot (432 m) foot tower demolished in 2015 |
| Shushi-Wan - Omega Station H | Tsushima Island, Japan | 12.8 kHz | 34°36′53″N 129°27′14″E / 34.614763°N 129.453830°E | 1,276-foot (389 m) foot tower dismantled in 1998 |
| GBZ Criggion | Criggion, Wales, UK | 15.2 kHz | 52°43′21″N 3°03′47″W / 52.72246°N 3.06295°W | towers and antenna demolished in 2003. Derelict transmitter building remains |
| Kahuku Marconi Transmitter | Kahuku, Oahu, Hawaii, USA | 16.1 kHz | 21°42′22″N 157°58′23″W / 21.7062°N 157.9731°W | shut down in 1939, deteriorated transmitter building and support buildings remain |
| Coltano transmitting station | Coltano, Italy | 43°38′59″N 10°24′31″E / 43.649841°N 10.408634°E | 4 masts with a height of 250 metres, destroyed at the end of World War II | |
| Waunfawr Marconi Transmitter | Waunfawr, Wales, UK | 21.2 kHz | 53°07′26″N 4°11′37″W / 53.1239°N 4.1935°W | Closed in 1938, only the transmitter building remains |
| Radio Kootwijk | Apeldoorn, Netherlands | 24 kHz | 52°10′24″N 5°49′08″E / 52.173414°N 5.818857°E | last mast demolished in 1980, iconic transmitter building remains |
| Table Head Marconi Transmitter | Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada | 37.5 kHz | 46°12′40″N 59°57′09″W / 46.21118°N 59.9525°W | dismantled and moved to Marconi Towers, Nova Scotia in 1904 |
| Marconi Towers Transmitter | Marconi Towers, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada | 37.5 kHz | 46°09′17″N 59°56′44″W / 46.1547273°N 59.9455246°W | closed and sold in 1946. Manager's house and ruins remain. |
| Marion Marconi Transmitter | Marion, Massachusetts, USA | 25.8 kHz | 41°42′47″N 70°46′29″W / 41.7131401°N 70.7748406°W | shut down in 1957, towers demolished in 1960. Transmitter and support buildings remain |
| New Brunswick Marconi Transmitter | New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA | 21.8 kHz | 40°30′55″N 74°29′20″W / 40.51529°N 74.48895°W | shut down in 1948, demolished in 1953. Only the station cottage remains |
| Bolinas Marconi Transmitter | Bolinas, California. USA | 19.2 kHz | 37°54′47″N 122°43′42″W / 37.913°N 122.72825°W | shut down in 1946. Transmitter building, MF and HF transmitters and one cottage remain |
| RCA Radio Central | Rocky Point, New York, USA | 18.3 kHz | 40°55′26″N 72°56′08″W / 40.92379°N 72.9356°W | last VLF tower demolished in 1977 |
| NSS Annapolis | Annapolis, Maryland, USA | 21.4 kHz | 38°58′40″N 76°27′12″W / 38.977778°N 76.453333°W | shut down in 1996, 1,200-foot (370 m) tower demolished in 1999, three 600-foot (180 m) towers remain |
| Forestport Tower | Forestport, New York, USA | 43°26′41″N 75°05′10″W / 43.44485337°N 75.0861464°W | 1,205-foot (367 m) tower demolished in 1998 | |
| Tuckerton Transmitter | Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA | 22.1 kHz | 39°33′31″N 74°22′14″W / 39.558495°N 74.370570°W | shut down 1948, 820-foot (250 m) tower demolished 1955, transmitter building remains |
| Silver Creek Communications Annex | Silver Creek, Nebraska, USA | 41°20′46″N 97°43′18″W / 41.3461996°N 97.72176109°W | 1,226-foot (374 m) tower demolished in 1995. Building remains. | |
| Hawes Radio Relay Facility | Hinkley, California, USA | 34°55′03″N 117°22′37″W / 34.9174009°N 117.377046654°W | 1,226-foot (374 m) tower and all buildings demolished in 1986 | |
| GBR | Rugby, UK | 16.0 kHz 60 kHz | 52°22′02″N 1°11′19″W / 52.367290°N 1.188524°W | shut-down in 2003, demolished in 2007 |
| JAP | Yosami, Kariya, Aichi, Japan | 17.442 kHz[8] | 34°58′17″N 137°01′01″E / 34.971474°N 137.017018°E | 250m masts, demolished |
| NBA Summit Naval Radio Station[9] | Summit, Balboa, Canal Zone, Panama | 18.6 kHz, 24.0 kHz[10] | 9°04′12″N 79°38′00″W / 9.0699425°N 79.6333477°W | megawatt naval VLF station, demolished |
| NPO Sangley Point Naval Radio Station | Cavite, Philippines | 21.5 kHz | 14°29′42″N 120°54′29″E / 14.495°N 120.908°E | Three 600-foot (180 m) VLF towers demolished after World War II |
| Malabar Radio Station | Malabar, Indonesia | 7°06′59″S 107°36′22″E / 7.116281°S 107.606183°E | valley span-antenna, demolished | |
| NPM | Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA | 26.1 kHz | 21°21′00″N 157°57′50″W / 21.35°N 157.964°W | Three 600-foot (180 m) towers dismantled in 1936. Transmitters moved to Lualualei in 1936 |
| NPL Chollas Heights | San Diego, California, USA | 30.6 kHz | 32°44′26″N 117°03′51″W / 32.74063°N 117.0643°W | ceased operations in 1992, towers demolished 1995, Transmitter building remains |
| Sayville Telefunken Wireless Station | Sayville, New York, USA | 38.4 kHz | 40°44′37″N 73°06′12″W / 40.7437°N 73.1033°W | 477-foot (145 m) tower demolished. massive concrete guy wire anchors remain. |
| Karlsborg transmitter | Karlsborg, Sweden | 49.55 kHz | 58°29′13″N 14°28′09″E / 58.4870111°N 14.4691833°E | Two 689-foot (210 m) masts demolished in 2001 |
| NAA Arlington | Arlington, Virginia, USA | 50.0 kHz, etc | 38°52′04″N 77°04′45″W / 38.867820°N 77.0791°W | towers removed in 1941, NAA buildings remain. |
| RKS Liblice 1 (OMA) | Liblice, Czech | 50.0 kHz | 50°04′20″N 14°52′51″E / 50.072249°N 14.880810°E | demolished in 2004 |
| OLB5 | Poděbrady, Czech | 50.0 kHz | 50°08′16″N 15°08′40″E / 50.137793°N 15.144331°E | shutdown in 1995 |
| FTA50 | Saint-André-de-Corcy, France | 50.75 kHz | 45°55′44″N 4°56′09″E / 45.928825°N 4.935737°E | demolished |
| Hürup Navy Transmitter | Hürup, Germany | 53 kHz 68,9 kHz | 54°45′38″N 9°32′58″E / 54.760504°N 9.549544°E | 3 masts, each 160 metres tall, shut-down in 2002 |
| Neuharlingersiel Navy Transmitter | Neuharlingersiel, Germany | 53 kHz | 53°40′40″N 7°36′43″E / 53.677881°N 7.612077°E | 3 masts, two 164 metres tall and one 171 metres tall, since 2004 no VLF/LF-transmissions |
| Clifden Marconi Transmitter | Derrigimlagh, Clifden, Ireland | 54.5 kHz | 53°27′03″N 10°02′35″W / 53.4508506°N 10.0430238°W | demolished following an attack by Irish republican forces in July 1922. Ruins remain |
| Bad Deutsch-Altenburg transmitter | Bad Deutsch-Altenburg, Austria | 73.85 kHz | 48°06′22″N 16°55′13″E / 48.106176°N 16.920359°E | Three 100 metres tall masts, demolished in the 1980s |
| HBG | Prangins, Switzerland | 75.0 kHz | 46°24′30″N 6°15′10″E / 46.408422°N 6.252680°E | Demolished 2012 |
| Székesfehérvár transmitter | Székesfehérvár, Hungary | 77.82 kHz | 47°09′10″N 18°23′43″E / 47.152844°N 18.395201°E | Two 152 metres masts demolished in 2009 |
| Münchenbuchsee transmitter | Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland | 82.05 kHz | 47°00′53″N 7°26′37″E / 47.014617°N 7.443483°E | One 125 metres and two 92 metres towers demolished in 1983 |
| Dübendorf transmitter | Dübendorf, Switzerland | 47°24′32″N 8°37′54″E / 47.408820°N 8.631778°E | 122 metres tall mast, demolished | |
| Globecom Tower (XPH) | Thule, Greenland | 68.9 kHz | 76°33′11″N 68°33′03″W / 76.553133°N 68.5507134°W | 1,241-foot (378 m) tower was the tallest structure outside the USA in 1954. Demolished in 1992 |
| Radom longwave transmitter (SOA, SNA) | Radom - Wacyn, Poland | 55.75, 58.25, 62.45, 64.9, 76.35, 80.5, 81.35 kHz | 51°24′34″N 21°07′02″E / 51.409332°N 21.117214°E | shut-down, one mast today used for FM-/TV-broadcasting, the others demolished |
| Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza (AXO, AXL) | Babice, Warsaw, Poland | 14.29, 16.4, 17.7, 18.65 kHz | 52°15′59″N 20°52′48″E / 52.266412°N 20.879892°E | Alexanderson alternator, destroyed on January 16, 1945 by the army of Nazi Germany[11][12] |
| Eilvese | Eilvese, Germany | 20, 30, 96 kHz | 52°32′47″N 9°24′53″E / 52.546389°N 9.414722°E | 820-foot (250 m) tower demolished in 1931 |
| Königs Wusterhausen | Königs Wusterhausen, Germany | 69.7 kHz | 52°18′15″N 13°36′41″E / 52.304277°N 13.611326°E | demolished |
| Kamina Funkstation | Kamina, Atakpamé, Togo | 7°56′00″N 0°51′00″E / 7.933333°N 0.85°E | destroyed | |
| Herzogstand | Herzogstand, Germany | 47°37′44″N 11°19′20″E / 47.628889°N 11.322222°E | experimental station, valley-span antenna, demolished | |
| Goliath | Kalbe, Germany | 16.55 kHz | 52°40′09″N 11°25′19″E / 52.669218°N 11.421890°E | removed by Russian troops, reinstalled in Russia as RJH90 |
| Nauen Transmitter Station | Nauen, Germany | 52°38′53″N 12°54′30″E / 52.647959°N 12.908292°E | 872-foot (266 m) tower demolished and all equipment removed by Soviet Army in 1946, transmitter building remains | |
| SRC[13] | Ruda, Sweden | 44.2, 40.0 kHz | 57°07′13″N 16°09′11″E / 57.120331°N 16.153111°E | 659 foot, 201-metre tall mast, demolished 2020 |
| Lafayette Radio Station | Marcheprime, France | 44°42′31″N 0°48′49″W / 44.708611°N 0.813611°W | destroyed by retreating German troops in 1944 | |
| Basse-Lande transmitter | Brains, France | 47°10′15″N 1°41′42″W / 47.170749°N 1.694947°W | destroyed |
References
edit- ^ a b c Meredith, Nigel P.; Horne, Richard B.; Clilverd, Mark A.; Ross, Johnathan P. J. (July 2019). "An Investigation of VLF Transmitter Wave Power in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. 124 (7): 5246–5259. Bibcode:2019JGRA..124.5246M. doi:10.1029/2019JA026715. S2CID 197563530.
- ^ A S Poletaev; D A Chensky; A G Chensky (2019). "Radio interferometric location finding of VLF signal transmitters". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1384 (1). International Conference “Complex equipment of quality control laboratories”: IOP Publishing: 012042. Bibcode:2019JPhCS1384a2042P. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1384/1/012042.
- ^ a b "VLF Transmitters List". sidstation.loudet.org.
- ^ "MW List".
- ^ "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 15 - 20 kHz". www.vlf.it.
- ^ "VLF station la Régine (French Navy)".
- ^ "RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 20 - 25 kHz". www.vlf.it.
- ^ "Navy Shore Station LF & VLF Transmitters". www.navy-radio.com.
- ^ "US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama - NBA". www.navy-radio.com.
- ^ "NASA - NSSDCA - Experiment - Details". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- ^ "Nadajnik Babice" (in Polish).
- ^ "Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza" (in Polish).
- ^ "IK4HDQ 0 50 5 MHz".