List of administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region
(Redirected from List of administrative divisions of Tibet Autonomous Region)
Tibet Autonomous Region, an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, has three administrative divisional levels – prefectural, county, and township – as enumerated in the infobox on the right.
Administrative divisions
editAll of these administrative divisions are explained in greater detail at Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China. This chart lists only prefecture-level and county-level divisions of Tibet Autonomous Region.
Prefecture level | County Level | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
English Name official |
Tibetan | Wylie transliteration | Tibetan pinyin official transcription |
Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Division code[1] | ||
Lhasa city ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། lha sa grong khyer Lhasa Chongkyêr 拉萨市 Lāsà Shì (Capital) (5401 / LXA) |
Chengguan District | ཁྲིན་ཀོན་ཆུས། | khrin kon chus | Chênggoin Qü | 城关区 | Chéngguān Qū | 540102 | CGN |
Doilungdêqên District | སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན་ཆུས། | stod lung bde chen chus | Dölungdêqên Qü | 堆龙德庆区 | Duīlóngdéqìng Qū | 540103 | DLD | |
Dagzê District | སྟག་རྩེ་ཆུས། | stag rtse chus | Dagzê Qü | 达孜区 | Dázī Qū | 540104 | ||
Lhünzhub County | ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རྫོང་། | lhun grub rdzong | Lhünzhub Zong | 林周县 | Línzhōu Xiàn | 540121 | LZB | |
Damxung County | འདམ་གཞུང་རྫོང་། | 'dam gzhung rdzong | Damxung Zong | 当雄县 | Dāngxióng Xiàn | 540122 | DAM | |
Nyêmo County | སྙེ་མོ་རྫོང་། | snye mo rdzong | Nyêmo Zong | 尼木县 | Nímù Xiàn | 540123 | NYE | |
Qüxü County | ཆུ་ཤུར་རྫོང་། | chu shur rdzong | Qüxü Zong | 曲水县 | Qūshuǐ Xiàn | 540124 | QUX | |
Maizhokunggar County | མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར་རྫོང་། | mal gro gung dkar rdzong | Maizhokunggar Zong | 墨竹工卡县 | Mòzhúgōngkǎ Xiàn | 540127 | MAI | |
Xigazê city གཞིས་ཀ་རྩེ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། ggzhis ka rtse grong khyer Xigazê Chongkyêr 日喀则市 Rìkāzé Shì (5402 / XGB) |
Samzhubzê District | བསམ་འགྲུབ་རྩེ་ཆུས། | bsam 'grub rtse chus | Samzhubzê Qü | 桑珠孜区 | Sāngzhūzī Qū | 540202 | SAZ |
Namling County | རྣམ་གླིང་རྫོང་། | rnam gling rdzong | Namling Zong | 南木林县 | Nánmùlín Xiàn | 540221 | NAM | |
Gyangzê County | རྒྱལ་རྩེ་རྫོང་། | rgyal rtse rdzong | Gyangzê Zong | 江孜县 | Jiāngzī Xiàn | 540222 | GYZ | |
Tingri County | དིང་རི་རྫོང་། | ding ri rdzong | Tingri Zong | 定日县 | Dìngrì Xiàn | 540223 | TIN | |
Sa'gya County | ས་སྐྱ་རྫོང་། | sa skya rdzong | Sa'gya Zong | 萨迦县 | Sàjiā Xiàn | 540224 | SGX | |
Lhazê County | ལྷ་རྩེ་རྫོང་། | lha rtse rdzong | Lhazê Zong | 拉孜县 | Lāzī Xiàn | 540225 | LAZ | |
Ngamring County | ངམ་རིང་རྫོང་། | ngam ring rdzong | Ngamring Zong | 昂仁县 | Ángrén Xiàn | 540226 | NGA | |
Xaitongmoin County | བཞད་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་། | bzhad mthong smon rdzong | Xaitongmoin Zong | 谢通门县 | Xiètōngmén Xiàn | 540227 | XTM | |
Bainang County | པ་སྣམ་རྫོང་། | pa snam rdzong | Bainang Zong | 白朗县 | Báilǎng Xiàn | 540228 | BAI | |
Rinbung County | རིན་སྤུངས་རྫོང་། | rin spungs rdzong | Rinbung Zong | 仁布县 | Rénbù Xiàn | 540229 | RIN | |
Kangmar County[a] | ཁང་དམར་རྫོང་། | khang dmar rdzong | Kangmar Zong | 康马县 | Kāngmǎ Xiàn | 540230 | KAN | |
Dinggyê County | གདིང་སྐྱེས་རྫོང་། | gding skyes rdzong | Dinggyê Zong | 定结县 | Dìngjié Xiàn | 540231 | DIN | |
Zhongba County | འབྲོང་པ་རྫོང་། | 'brong pa rdzong | Zhongba Zong | 仲巴县 | Zhòngbā Xiàn | 540232 | ZHB | |
Yadong County[a] | གྲོ་མོ་རྫོང་། | gro mo rdzong | Chomo (Yadong) Zong | 亚东县 | Yàdōng Xiàn | 540233 | YDZ | |
Gyirong County | སྐྱིད་གྲོང་རྫོང་། | skyid grong rdzong | Gyirong Zong | 吉隆县 | Jílóng Xiàn | 540234 | GIR | |
Nyalam County | གཉའ་ལམ་རྫོང་། | gnya' lam rdzong | Nyalam Zong | 聂拉木县 | Nièlāmù Xiàn | 540235 | NYA | |
Saga County | ས་དགའ་རྫོང་། | sa dga' rdzong | Saga Zong | 萨嘎县 | Sàgā Xiàn | 540236 | SAG | |
Kamba County | གམ་པ་རྫོང་། | gam pa rdzong | G=Kamba Zong | 岗巴县 | Gǎngbā Xiàn | 540237 | GAM | |
Qamdo city ཆབ་མདོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། chab mdo grong khyer Qamdo Chongkyêr 昌都市 Chāngdū Shì (5403 / GDX) |
Karuo District | མཁར་རོ་ཆུས། | mkhar ro chus | Karub Qü | 卡若区 | Kǎruò Qū | 540302 | KRO |
Jomda County | འཇོ་མདའ་རྫོང་། | 'jo mda' rdzong | Jomda Zong | 江达县 | Jiāngdá Xiàn | 540321 | JOM | |
Gonjo County | གོ་འཇོ་རྫོང་། | go 'jo rdzong | Gonjo Zong | 贡觉县 | Gòngjué Xiàn | 540322 | KON | |
Riwoqê County | རི་བོ་ཆེ་རྫོང་། | ri bo che rdzong | Riwoqê Zong | 类乌齐县 | Lèiwūqí Xiàn | 540323 | RIW | |
Dêngqên County | སྟེང་ཆེན་རྫོང་། | steng chen rdzong | Dêngqên Zong | 丁青县 | Dīngqīng Xiàn | 540324 | DEN | |
Zhag'yab County | བྲག་གཡབ་རྫོང་། | brag g-yab rdzong | Zhag’yab Zong | 察雅县 | Cháyǎ Xiàn | 540325 | CHA | |
Baxoi County | དཔའ་ཤོད་རྫོང་། | dpa' shod rdzong | Baxoi Zong | 八宿县 | Bāsù Xiàn | 540326 | BAX | |
Zogang County | མཛོ་སྒང་རྫོང་། | mdzo sgang rdzong | Zogang Zong | 左贡县 | Zuǒgòng Xiàn | 540327 | ZOX | |
Markam County | སྨར་ཁམས་རྫོང་། | smar khams rdzong | Markam Zong | 芒康县 | Mángkāng Xiàn | 540328 | MAN | |
Lhorong County | ལྷོ་རོང་རྫོང་། | lho rong rdzong | Lhorong Zong | 洛隆县 | Luòlóng Xiàn | 540329 | LHO | |
Banbar County | དཔལ་འབར་རྫོང་། | dpal 'bar rdzong | Banbar Zong | 边坝县 | Biānbà Xiàn | 540330 | BAN | |
Nyingchi city ཉིང་ཁྲི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། nying khri grong khyer Nyingchi Chongkyêr 林芝市 Línzhī Shì (5404 / NYC) |
Bayi District | བྲག་ཡིབ་ཆུས། | brag yib chus | Chagyib Qü | 巴宜区 | Bāyí Qū | 540402 | BYA |
Gongbo'gyamda County | ཀོང་པོ་རྒྱ་མདའ་རྫོང་། | kong po rgya mda' rdzong | Gongbo'gyamda Zong | 工布江达县 | Gōngbùjiāngdá Xiàn | 540421 | GOX | |
Mêdog County[b] | མེ་ཏོག་རྫོང་། | me tog rdzong | Mêdog Zong | 墨脱县 | Mòtuō Xiàn | 540423 | MET | |
Bomê County | སྤོ་མེས་རྫོང་། | spo mes rdzong | Bomê Zong | 波密县 | Bōmì Xiàn | 540424 | BMI | |
Zayü County[b] | རྫ་ཡུལ་རྫོང་། | rdza yul rdzong | Zayü Zong | 察隅县 | Cháyú Xiàn | 540425 | ZAY | |
Nangxian County[c] | སྣང་རྫོང་། | snang rdzong | Nang Zong | 朗县 | Lǎngxiàn | 540426 | NGX | |
Mainling city | སྨན་གླིང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། | sman gling grong khyer | Mainling Chongkyêr | 米林市 | Mǐlín Shì | 540481 | MAX | |
Shannan city ལྷོ་ཁ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། lho kha grong khyer Lhoka Chongkyêr 山南市 Shānnán Shì (5405 / SNB) |
Nêdong District | སྣེ་གདོང་ཆུས། | sne gdong chus | Nêdong Qü | 乃东区 | Nǎidōng Qū | 540502 | NDQ |
Zhanang County | གྲ་ནང་རྫོང་། | gra nang rdzong | Zhanang Zong | 扎囊县 | Zhānáng Xiàn | 540521 | CNG | |
Gonggar County | གོང་དཀར་རྫོང་། | gong dkar rdzong | Gonggar Zong | 贡嘎县 | Gònggā Xiàn | 540522 | GON | |
Sangri County | ཟངས་རི་རྫོང་། | zangs ri rdzong | Sangri Zong | 桑日县 | Sāngrì Xiàn | 540523 | SRI | |
Qonggyai County | འཕྱོངས་རྒྱས་རྫོང་། | 'phyongs rgyas rdzong | Qonggyai Zong | 琼结县 | Qióngjié Xiàn | 540524 | QON | |
Qusum County | ཆུ་གསུམ་རྫོང་། | chu gsum rdzong | Qusum Zong | 曲松县 | Qūsōng Xiàn | 540525 | QUS | |
Comai County | མཚོ་སམད་རྫོང་། | mtsho smad rdzong | Comai Zong | 措美县 | Cuòměi Xiàn | 540526 | COM | |
Lhozhag County[a] | ལྷོ་བྲག་རྫོང་། | lho brag rdzong | Lhozhag Zong | 洛扎县 | Luòzhā Xiàn | 540527 | LHX | |
Gyaca County | རྒྱ་ཚ་རྫོང་། | rgya tsha rdzong | Gyaca Zong | 加查县 | Jiāchá Xiàn | 540528 | GYA | |
Lhünzê County[b] | ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་། | lhun rtse rdzong | Lhünzê Zong | 隆子县 | Lóngzǐ Xiàn | 540529 | LHZ | |
Nagarzê County[a] | སྣ་དཀར་རྩེ་རྫོང་། | sna dkar rtse rdzong | Nagarzê Zong | 浪卡子县 | Làngkǎzǐ Xiàn | 540531 | NAX | |
Cona city[b] | མཚོ་སྣ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། | mtsho sna grong khyer | Cona Chongkyêr | 错那市 | Cuònà Shì | 540581 | CON | |
Nagqu city ནག་ཆུ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། nag chu grong khyer Nagqu Chongkyêr 那曲市 Nàqū Shì (5406 / ) |
Seni District | གསེར་རྙེད་ཆུས། | gser rnyed chus | Sêrnyê Qü | 色尼区 | Sèní Qū | 540602 | |
Lhari County | ལྷ་རི་རྫོང་། | lha ri rdzong | Lhari Zong | 嘉黎县 | Jiālí Xiàn | 540621 | LHR | |
Biru County | འབྲི་རུ་རྫོང་། | 'bri ru rdzong | Biru Zong | 比如县 | Bǐrú Xiàn | 540622 | BRU | |
Nyainrong County | གཉན་རོང་རྫོང་། | gnyan rong rdzong | Nyainrong Zong | 聂荣县 | Nièróng Xiàn | 540623 | NRO | |
Amdo County | ཨ་མདོ་རྫོང་། | a mdo rdzong | Amdo Zong | 安多县 | Ānduō Xiàn | 540624 | AMD | |
Xainza County | ཤན་རྩ་རྫོང་། | shan rtsa rdzong | Xainza Zong | 申扎县 | Shēnzhā Xiàn | 540625 | XZX | |
Sogxian County[c] | སོག་རྫོང་། | sog rdzong | Sog Zong | 索县 | Suǒxiàn | 540626 | SOG | |
Baingoin County | དཔལ་མགོན་རྫོང་། | dpal mgon rdzong | Baingoin Zong | 班戈县 | Bāngē Xiàn | 540627 | BGX | |
Baqên County | སྦྲ་ཆེན་རྫོང་། | sbra chen rdzong | Baqên Zong | 巴青县 | Bāqīng Xiàn | 540628 | BQE | |
Nyima County | ཉི་མ་རྫོང་། | nyi ma rdzong | Nyima Zong | 尼玛县 | Nímǎ Xiàn | 540629 | NYX | |
Shuanghu County | མཚོ་གཉིས་་རྫོང་། | mtsho gnyis rdzong | Co'nyi Zong | 双湖县 | Shuānghú Xiàn | 540630 | SHA | |
Ngari Prefecture མངའ་རིས་ས་ཁུལ། mnga' ris sa khul Ngari Sakü 阿里地区 Ālǐ Dìqū (5425 / NGD) |
Burang County | སྤུ་ཧྲེང་རྫོང་། | spu hreng rdzong | Buranga Zong | 普兰县 | Pǔlán Xiàn | 542521 | BUR |
Zanda County[b] | རྩ་མདའ་རྫོང་། | rtsa mda' rdzong | Zandaa Zong | 札达县 | Zhádá Xiàn | 542522 | ZAN | |
Gar County[b] | སྒར་རྫོང་། | sgar rdzong | Gar Zong | 噶尔县 | Gá'ěr Xiàn | 542523 | GAR | |
Rutog County[b] | རུ་ཐོག་རྫོང་། | ru thog rdzong | Rutog Zong | 日土县 | Rìtǔ Xiàn | 542524 | RUT | |
Gê'gyai County | དགེ་རྒྱས་རྫོང་། | dge rgyas rdzong | Gê'gyaia Zong | 革吉县 | Géjí Xiàn | 542525 | GEG | |
Gêrzê County | སྒེར་རྩེ་རྫོང་། | sger rtse rdzong | Gêrzêa Zong | 改则县 | Gǎizé Xiàn | 542526 | GER | |
Coqên County | མཚོ་ཆེན་རྫོང་། | mtsho chen rdzong | Coqêna Zong | 措勤县 | Cuòqín Xiàn | 542527 | COQ |
- ^ a b c d Some of the border regions are claimed or controlled by the PRC, also claimed or controlled by Bhutan. For more information see Bhutan–China border.
- ^ a b c d e f g Some of the border regions are claimed or controlled by the PRC, also claimed or controlled by India. For more information see Sino-Indian border dispute.
- ^ a b Official name registered by the Ministry of Civil Affairs.
Administrative divisions history
editRecent changes in administrative divisions
editDate | Before | After | Note | Reference[2][3] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1983-01-18 | all Province-controlled city (P-City) → Prefecture-level city (PL-City) | Civil Affairs Announcement | ||
all Prefecture-controlled city (PC-City) → County-level city (CL-City) | ||||
1983-10-07 | parts of Lhasa (PL-City) | Nyingchi Prefecture | established | |
↳ Mêdog County | ↳ Mêdog County | transferred | ||
↳ Mainling County | ↳ Mainling County | transferred | ||
↳ Nyingchi County | ↳ Nyingchi County | transferred | ||
↳ Gongbo'gyamda County | ↳ Gongbo'gyamda County | transferred | ||
parts of Shannan Prefecture | Nyingchi Prefecture | transferred | ||
↳ Nang County | ↳ Nang County | transferred | ||
parts of Qamdo Prefecture | Nyingchi Prefecture | transferred | ||
↳ Bomê County | ↳ Bomê County | transferred | ||
↳ Zayü County | ↳ Zayü County | transferred | ||
↳ Pütog County | established | |||
↳ parts of Zogang County | established | |||
parts of Xigazê Prefecture | Gyangzê Prefecture | established | ||
↳ Yadong County | ↳ Yadong County | transferred | ||
↳ Kangmar County | ↳ Kangmar County | transferred | ||
↳ Kamba County | ↳ Kamba County | transferred | ||
↳ Gyangzê County | ↳ Gyangzê County | transferred | ||
↳ Rinbung County | ↳ Rinbung County | transferred | ||
↳ Bainang County | ↳ Bainang County | transferred | ||
parts of Shannan Prefecture | Gyangzê Prefecture | transferred | ||
↳ Nagarzê County | ↳ Nagarzê County | transferred | ||
parts of Baingoin County | Nyima County | established | ||
parts of Xainza County | established | |||
parts of Markam County | Yanjing County | established | ||
parts of Qamdo County | Toba County | established | ||
parts of Zhag'yab County | established | |||
parts of Jomda County | established | |||
parts of Qamdo County | Sibda County | established | ||
parts of Jomda County | established | |||
parts of Zhongba County | Lunggar County | established | ||
1986-04-07 | Qonggyai County (穷结县) | Qonggyai County (琼结县) | renamed | |
1986-09-12 | Gyangzê Prefecture | Xigazê Prefecture | disestablished & merged into | |
↳ Yadong County | ↳ Yadong County | transferred | ||
↳ Kangmar County | ↳ Kangmar County | transferred | ||
↳ Kamba County | ↳ Kamba County | transferred | ||
↳ Gyangzê County | ↳ Gyangzê County | transferred | ||
↳ Rinbung County | ↳ Rinbung County | transferred | ||
↳ Bainang County | ↳ Bainang County | transferred | ||
Gyangzê Prefecture | Shannan Prefecture | disestablished & merged into | ||
↳ Nagarzê County | ↳ Nagarzê County | transferred | ||
1986-12-12 | Xigazê County | Xigazê (CL-City) | reorganized | |
1999-09-21 | Lunggar County | Zhongba County | merged into | Civil Affairs [1999]54 |
Yanjing County | Markam County | merged into | ||
Pütog County | Zogang County | merged into | ||
Toba County | Qamdo County | merged into | ||
Sibda County | Jomda County | merged into | ||
2012-11-15 | parts of Nyima County | Shuanghu County | established | State Council [2012]191 |
2014-06-26 | Xigazê Prefecture | Xigazê (PL-City) | reorganized | State Council [2014]79 |
Xigazê (CL-City) | Samzhubzê District | reorganized | ||
2014-10-20 | Qamdo Prefecture | Qamdo (PL-City) | reorganized | State Council [2014]143 |
Qamdo County | Karub District | reorganized | ||
2015-03-16 | Nyingchi Prefecture | Nyingchi (PL-City) | reorganized | State Council [2015]51 |
Nyingchi County | Bayi District | reorganized | ||
2015-10-13 | Doilungdêqên County | Doilungdêqên District | reorganized | State Council [2015]185 |
2016-01-07 | Shannan Prefecture | Shannan (PL-City) | reorganized | State Council [2016]8 |
Nêdong County | Nêdong District | reorganized | ||
2017-07-18 | Dagzê County | Dagzê District | reorganized | State Council [2017]107 |
2017-07-18 | Nagqu Prefecture | Nagqu (PL-City) | reorganized | State Council [2017]109 |
Nagqu County | Seni District | reorganized |
Population composition
editPrefectures
editPrefecture | 2010 | 2000 |
---|---|---|
Ngari | 95,465 | |
Nagqu | 462,382 | |
Qamdo | 657,505 | |
Xigazê | 703,292 | |
Lhasa | 559,423 | 474,499 |
Shannan | 328,990 | |
Nyingchi Prefecture | 195,109 |
Counties
editName | Prefecture | 2010 |
---|---|---|
Chengguan | Lhasa | 279,074 |
Doilungdêqên | Lhasa | 52,249 |
Dagzê | Lhasa | 26,708 |
Lhünzhub | Lhasa | 50,246 |
Damxung | Lhasa | 46,463 |
Nyêmo | Lhasa | 28,149 |
Qüxü | Lhasa | 31,860 |
Maizhokunggar | Lhasa | 44,674 |
Qamdo → Karub | Qamdo | 87,387 |
Jomdo | Qamdo | 75,238 |
Gonjo | Qamdo | 38,741 |
Riwoqê | Qamdo | 40,813 |
Dêngqên | Qamdo | 63,209 |
Zhag'yab | Qamdo | 53,130 |
Baxoi | Qamdo | 41,163 |
Zogang | Qamdo | 40,819 |
Markam | Qamdo | 81,659 |
Lhorong | Qamdo | 44,241 |
Banbar | Qamdo | 32,462 |
Nêdong | Lhoka | 57,334 |
Zhanang | Lhoka | 38,268 |
Gonggar | Lhoka | 47,255 |
Sangri | Lhoka | 16,453 |
Qonggyai | Lhoka | 18,089 |
Qusum | Lhoka | 16,943 |
Comai | Lhoka | 14,320 |
Lhozhag | Lhoka | 18,511 |
Gyaca | Lhoka | 18,746 |
Lhünzê | Lhoka | 34,097 |
Cona | Lhoka | 14,901 |
Nagarzê | Lhoka | 35,235 |
Xigazê → Samzhubzê | Xigazê | 102,894 |
Namling | Xigazê | 79,909 |
Gyantse | Xigazê | 63,398 |
Tingri | Xigazê | 49,108 |
Sa'gya | Xigazê | 46,118 |
Lhatse | Xigazê | 49,575 |
Ngamring | Xigazê | 47,195 |
Xaitongmoin | Xigazê | 43,532 |
Bainang | Xigazê | 44,240 |
Rinbung | Xigazê | 31,288 |
Kangmar | Xigazê | 20,912 |
Dinggyê | Xigazê | 18,458 |
Zhongba | Xigazê | 19,493 |
Yadong | Xigazê | 12,189 |
Gyirong | Xigazê | 13,329 |
Nyalam | Xigazê | 15,147 |
Saga | Xigazê | 12,939 |
Kamba | Xigazê | 10,047 |
Nagqu → Seni | Nagqu | 91,859 |
Lhari | Nagqu | 27,955 |
Biru | Nagqu | 51,473 |
Nyainrong | Nagqu | 31,292 |
Amdo | Nagqu | 35,947 |
Xainza | Nagqu | 18,030 |
Sog(xian) | Nagqu | 39,036 |
Baingoin | Nagqu | 35,780 |
Baqên | Nagqu | 45,257 |
Nyima | Nagqu | 37,925 |
Shuanghu | Nagqu | 10,000 |
Gar | Ngari | 13,367 |
Burang | Ngari | 8,658 |
Zanda | Ngari | 6,567 |
Rutog | Ngari | 8,292 |
Gê'gyai | Ngari | 13,524 |
Gêrzê | Ngari | 20,870 |
Coqên | Ngari | 12,183 |
Nyingchi | Nyingchi | 40,496 |
Gongbo'gyamda | Nyingchi | 25,677 |
Mainling | Nyingchi | 18,509 |
Mêdog | Nyingchi | 10,623 |
Bomê | Nyingchi | 28,288 |
Zayü | Nyingchi | 25,784 |
Nang(xian) | Nyingchi | 14,954 |
See also
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ 最新县及县以上行政区划代码(截止2014年10月31日) (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China.
- ^ 中华人民共和国行政区划沿革 (1949-2006). www.gov.cn. Government of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
- ^ 县级以上行政区划变更情况 (1999-present). www.mca.gov.cn. Ministry of Civial Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 11 January 2016.