Wikipedia

List of aerial victories claimed by Hermann Graf

Main article: Hermann Graf

Hermann Graf (24 October 1912 – 4 November 1988) was a German Luftwaffe World War II fighter ace.[Note 1] He served on both the Eastern and Western Fronts. He became the first pilot in aviation history to claim 200 aerial victories—that is, 200 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft.[2] In about 830 combat missions, he claimed a total of 212 aerial victories, almost all of which were achieved on the Eastern Front.

Hermann Graf

List of aerial victories claimed

edit

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Graf was credited with 212 aerial victories. [3] He claimed these aerial victories in 830 combat missions,[4][5] 10 on the Western Front which included six four-engined-bombers and one Mosquito, and 202 on the Eastern Front.[6][7][2]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 85 423". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[8]

♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Graf an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
* (asterisk) indicates an Herausschuss (separation shot)—a severely damaged heavy bomber forced to separate from his combat box which was counted as an aerial victory.
Chronicle of aerial victories[9][10]
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 1941 –
1 4 August 1941 6:20 I-16 [11] 10 km (6.2 mi) SSE of Kiev 22 8 November 1941 11:58 MiG-3 S of Rostov
2 5 August 1941 6:20 I-16 3 km (1.9 mi) S of Kiev 23 9 November 1941 14:35 I-16 10 km (6.2 mi) E of Shakhty
3 11 August 1941 14:35 MiG-3 2 km (1.2 mi) E of Kaniv 24 11 November 1941 14:35 MiG-3 N of Rovenkiy
4 30 August 1941 8:40 DB-3 of 4 BAK; 60 km (37 mi)
NE of Dnipropetrovsk 		25 17 November 1941 14:38 I-16 10 km (6.2 mi) E of Rostov
5 6 September 1941 18:23 I-16 25–30 km (16–19 mi) E of Kremenchug 26 20 November 1941 13:52 Su-2 20 km (12 mi) NE of Agrafenovka
6 13 September 1941 10:46 Yak-1 of VVS-ChF; 15 km (9.3 mi)
NW of Perekop 		27 23 November 1941 13:36 Il-2 [12] of 4 ShAP; S of Rostov
7 24 September 1941 12:10 DB-3 of 52 DBAD; Balakliia 28 29 November 1941 10:21 I-16 10 km (6.2 mi) NNE of Rostov
8 27 September 1941 14:22 DB-3 of 8 BAP; 50 km (31 mi) W of Kharkov 29 29 November 1941 10:27 DB-3 ENE of Rostov
9 3 October 1941 17:00 Yak-1 10 km (6.2 mi) E of Kharkov 30 29 November 1941 13:07 I-16 S of Bataysk
10 3 October 1941 17:05 I-16 E of Kharkov 31 2 December 1941 12:19 I-16 20 km (12 mi) S of Taganrog
11 11 October 1941 7:10 SB-2 10 km (6.2 mi) E of Lozova 32 6 December 1941 12:52 Il-2 of 4 ShAP; E of Lysogorskaya
12 11 October 1941 7:15 I-153 20 km (12 mi) E of Lozova 33 6 December 1941 14:25 I-16 W of Azov
13 14 October 1941 16:10 Yak-1 10 km (6.2 mi) N of Valki 34 6 December 1941 14:32 I-16 E of Azov
14 14 October 1941 16:13 Yak-1 15 km (9.3 mi) N of Valki 35 8 December 1941[13] 9:43 R-Z 20 km (12 mi) E of Taganrog
15 24 October 1941 12:50 MiG-3 of VVS-ChF; Boysovka 36 8 December 1941[13] 9:44 R-Z 25 km (16 mi) E of Taganrog
16 24 October 1941 12:52 MiG-3 of VVS-ChF; Boysovka 37 8 December 1941[14][13] 9:52 I-16 SW of Rabovka
17 25 October 1941 15:21 Yak-1
(MiG-3 claimed) 		Ltn Mikhail Avdeyev (17v)
of 32 IAP; [15] Aibary 		38 27 December 1941 12:01 I-16 of 88 IAP; 30 km (19 mi) E of Taganrog
18 27 October 1941 15:38 Yak-1
(MiG-3 claimed) 		of VVS-ChF; 10 km (6.2 mi)
S of Yushno 		39 27 December 1941 12:05 I-16 of 88 IAP; 10 km (6.2 mi) E of Asov
19 28 October 1941 10:02 Yak-1
(MiG-3 claimed) 		of VVS-ChF; SE of Aibary 40 27 December 1941 14:25 I-16 NE of Golodayevka
20 28 October 1941 10:03 R-5 of VVS-ChF; SE of Aibary 41 27 December 1941 14:30 SB-2 NE of Golodayevka
21 1 November 1941 16:15 Yak-1
(MiG-3 claimed) 		of 32 IAP, VVS-ChF; N of Sevastopol 42 28 December 1941 13:32 Yak-1 20 km (12 mi) SW of Taganrog
– 1942 –
43 7 January 1942[16] 14:50 I-16 Sansnoye 123 17 August 1942 11:43 I-153 of 238 ShAD; Kuban area, PQ 85 423
44 7 January 1942[16] 14:55 I-16 Novaya Slobodka 124 17 August 1942 15:36 I-153 of 238 ShAD; Kuban area, PQ 85 433
45 8 January 1942[16] 11:25 Unknown E of Prilepiy 125 17 August 1942 15:48 I-153 of 238 ShAD; 25 km (16 mi)
NE of Tuapse, PQ 95 581
46 25 January 1942 15:42 I-16 10 km (6.2 mi) E of Izyum 126 18 August 1942 16:42 I-153 of 238 ShAD; 25 km (16 mi)
Severskaya, PQ 85 253
47 3 February 1942 9:35 Su-2 of 135 BBAP?; Nuvo 127 18 August 1942 16:43 R-5 of 763 LBAP; 40 km (25 mi)
NNW of Tuapse, PQ 85 494
48 23 March 1942 13:06 Yak-1 8 km (5.0 mi) SE of Gniliza 128 22 August 1942 13:55 Il-2 Don River, 20 km (12 mi)
WNW of Kotluban, PQ 30 892
49 23 March 1942 13:14 MiG-3 3 km (1.9 mi) SE of Burluk 129 22 August 1942 14:03 Yak-1 20 km (12 mi) NW of Stalingrad
PQ 49 154
50 23 March 1942[17] 17:26 Su-2 of 135 BBAP?; E of Kotovka 130 23 August 1942[18] 7:22 LaGG-3 20 km (12 mi) SW of Kotluban
PQ 49 413
51 25 March 1942 6:25 Yak-1 15 km (9.3 mi) E of Staryy Saltov 131 23 August 1942[18] 7:27 LaGG-3 Stalingrad, PQ 49 194
52 27 March 1942[17] 10:11 Yak-1 15 km (9.3 mi) E of Volchansk 132 23 August 1942[18] 13:28 LaGG-3 northern Stalingrad, PQ 49 271
53 27 March 1942 17:18 MiG-3 10 km (6.2 mi) NE of Burluk 133 23 August 1942[18] 13:31 LaGG-3 Stalingrad, PQ 49 194
54 28 March 1942 5:53 I-16 3 km (1.9 mi) W of Burluk 134 24 August 1942[19] 9:28 Yak-1
(Yak-7 claimed) 		of 512 IAP; 8 km (5.0 mi)
E of Stalingrad, PQ 49 421
55 28 March 1942 6:18 Yak-1 3 km (1.9 mi) W of Kotovka 135 24 August 1942[19] 9:58 Il-2 13 km (8.1 mi) N of Stalingrad
PQ 49 243
56 28 March 1942 17:08 MiG-3 5 km (3.1 mi) E of Staryy Saltov 136 25 August 1942 11:51 LaGG-3 5 km (3.1 mi) E of Stalingrad
PQ 49 412
57 28 March 1942 17:41 I-16 Gniliza 137 25 August 1942 17:27 LaGG-3 5 km (3.1 mi) E of Stalingrad
PQ 49 412
58 30 March 1942[17] 12:05 MiG-3 15 km (9.3 mi) W of Burluk 138 29 August 1942 14:22 LaGG-3 24 km (15 mi) E of Stalingrad
PQ 59 173
59 6 April 1942 6:02 I-16 2 km (1.2 mi) NE of Staryy Saltov 139 30 August 1942 16:52 Pe-2 of 270 BAD; 10 km (6.2 mi)
SW of Stalingrad, PQ 49 382
60 6 April 1942 6:04 I-16 10 km (6.2 mi) E of Staryy Saltov 140 30 August 1942 17:07 Il-2 5 km (3.1 mi) SW of Stalingrad
PQ 49 361
61 29 April 1942[20]
—
 Yak-1 of 247 IAP; Kerch Peninsula 141♠ 2 September 1942[21] 9:12 P-40 of 731 IAP; southern Stalingrad
PQ 49 362
62 29 April 1942
—
 Yak-1? of 247 IAP; Kerch Peninsula 142♠ 2 September 1942[21] 9:15 Il-2 5 km (3.1 mi) SE of Stalingrad
PQ 49 441
63 29 April 1942
—
 Yak-1? of 247 IAP; Kerch Peninsula 143♠ 2 September 1942[21] 13:32 Pe-8 30 km (19 mi) ENE of Stalingrad
PQ 59 143
64♠ 30 April 1942[22][23]
—
 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 144♠ 2 September 1942[21] 17:05 LaGG-3 5 km (3.1 mi) SW of Stalingrad
PQ 49 361
65♠ 30 April 1942[22][23][24]
—
 I-16 May Kartuzov, of 36 IAP;
Kerch Peninsula[24] 		145♠ 2 September 1942[21] 17:11 P-40 of 731 IAP; 12 km (7.5 mi)
SE of Stalingrad, PQ 49 453
66♠ 30 April 1942[22][23]
—
 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 146 3 September 1942[25] 13:48 LaGG-3 35 km (22 mi) ENE of Stalingrad
PQ 40 872
67♠ 30 April 1942[22][23] 16:42 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 147 3 September 1942[25] 13:51 Yak-1 50 km (31 mi) ENE of Stalingrad
PQ 40 852
68♠ 30 April 1942[22][23] 16:47 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 148 3 September 1942[25] 17:06 Yak-1 35 km (22 mi) N of Stalingrad
PQ 40 871
69♠ 30 April 1942[22][23] 16:50 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 149 3 September 1942 17:13 Yak-1 36 km (22 mi) NE of Stalingrad
PQ 49 234
70♠ 2 May 1942[22][26] c. 4:00 I-16 Kerch Peninsula 150 4 September 1942[27][28] 10:12 Yak-1 of 220 IAD; 20 km (12 mi)
N of Stalingrad, PQ 49 241[29]
71♠ 2 May 1942[22][26] c. 4:00 I-16 Kerch Peninsula 151 5 September 1942 16:58 I-153 of 629 IAP; 40 km (25 mi)
NNE of Stalingrad, PQ 40 881
72♠ 2 May 1942[22][26] c. 4:00 I-16 Kerch Peninsula 152 6 September 1942 13:21 Il-2 18 km (11 mi) NW of Stalingrad
PQ 49 163
73♠ 2 May 1942[22][26] 11:15 I-153 of 214 ShAP; Kerch Peninsula 153 6 September 1942 13:23 Yak-1 28 km (17 mi) NW of Stalingrad
PQ 49 124
74♠ 2 May 1942[22][26] 11:15 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 154 6 September 1942 13:27 Yak-1 4 km (2.5 mi) ENE of Kotluban
PQ 40 784
75♠ 2 May 1942[22][26]
—
 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 155 7 September 1942 16:05 Yak-1 northern Stalingrad, PQ 49 271
76♠ 2 May 1942[22][26]
—
 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 156 8 September 1942[30] 11:28 La-5 of 27 IAP; 4 km (2.5 mi)
NW of Stalingrad, PQ 49 192
77 3 May 1942
—
 Unknown Crimea 157 8 September 1942[30] 11:29 Il-2 of 206 ShAD; Stalingrad, PQ 49 194
78 5 May 1942
—
 Unknown Crimea 158 8 September 1942 11:35 La-5 of 27 IAP; Volga River, 5 km (3.1 mi)
NE of Stalingrad, PQ 49 253
79♠ 8 May 1942[31][22][32]
—
 MiG-3 Crimea 159 9 September 1942[33] 13:21 La-5 of 27 IAP; 4 km (2.5 mi)
E of Stalingrad, PQ 49 414
80♠ 8 May 1942[31][22] 10:58[32] Unknown Crimea 160[33] 9 September 1942 13:34 La-5 of 27 IAP; Volga River, 7 km (4.3 mi)
SE of Stalingrad, PQ 49 444
81♠ 8 May 1942[31][22] 11:02[32] Unknown Crimea 161 10 September 1942 15:34 La-5 of 287 IAD; Volga River, 7 km (4.3 mi)
SE of Stalingrad, PQ 49 444
82♠ 8 May 1942[31][22] 11:07[32] Unknown Crimea 162 10 September 1942 15:35 La-5 of 287 IAD; Volga River, 7 km (4.3 mi)
SE of Stalingrad, PQ 49 444
83♠ 8 May 1942[31][22][32]
—
 I-16 Kerch Peninsula 163 11 September 1942 15:58 Pe-2 of 270 BAD; 3 km (1.9 mi)
N of Kotluban, PQ 40 781[34]
84♠ 8 May 1942[31][22][32] 13:32 Unknown Kerch Peninsula 164 11 September 1942[34] 16:09 P-40 of 731 IAP; 35 km (22 mi)
ENE of Stalingrad, PQ 40 884
85♠ 8 May 1942[22][32] 17:28 MiG-3 Crimea 165 12 September 1942 16:47 I-153 of 629 IAP; 5 km (3.1 mi)
E of Stalingrad, PQ 49 412
86 9 May 1942
—
 Unknown Crimea 166 12 September 1942 17:13 I-153 of 629 IAP; 20 km (12 mi)
NW of Stalingrad, PQ 49 161
87 9 May 1942
—
 Unknown Crimea 167 14 September 1942 8:00 I-16 of 629 IAP; 20 km (12 mi)
SE of Stalingrad, PQ 49 453
88 11 May 1942
—
 I-16 Kerch Peninsula 168 14 September 1942 8:04 I-16 of 629 IAP; 20 km (12 mi)
ESE of Stalingrad, PQ 49 424
89 11 May 1942
—
 I-16 Kerch Peninsula 169 14 September 1942 8:09 Yak-1 Stalingrad, PQ 49 411
90 12 May 1942[35]
—
 Unknown Zürichtal to Kharkiv transfer flight 170 15 September 1942 6:35 I-16 St.Lt. Nikolay Lysenko of 629 IAP;[36]
12 km (7.5 mi) E of Stalingrad, PQ 49 423
91♠ 13 May 1942[37] ~11.30 Unknown E of Kharkiv[38] 171 15 September 1942[36] 6:39 I-153 of 629 IAP; 20 km (12 mi)
SE of Stalingrad, PQ 49 453
92♠ 13 May 1942[37] ~11.30 Unknown E of Kharkiv[38] 172 15 September 1942[36] 7:05 LaGG-3 5 km (3.1 mi) NE of Stalingrad
PQ 49 272
93♠ 13 May 1942[37] ~11.30 Unknown E of Kharkiv[38] 173 16 September 1942 7:35[39] Su-2 of 270 BAD; 5 km (3.1 mi)
N of Stalingrad, PQ 49 271
94♠ 13 May 1942[37] ~11.30 Unknown E of Kharkiv[38] 174 16 September 1942 7:39[39] P-40 of 731 IAP; 40 km (25 mi)
NE of Stalingrad, PQ 40 882
95♠ 13 May 1942[37][38]
—
 Unknown Kharkiv area 175 17 September 1942 8:48 Yak-1 8 km (5.0 mi) NE of Kotluban,
PQ 40 782
96♠ 13 May 1942[37][38]
—
 Unknown Kharkiv area 176 17 September 1942 8:52 Yak-1 35 km (22 mi) NNE of Stalingrad,
PQ 40 872
97♠ 14 May 1942
—
 Unknown Kharkiv area 177 17 September 1942 14:36 LaGG-3 40 km (25 mi) NE of Stalingrad,
PQ 59 111
98♠ 14 May 1942[37][40][41]
—
 Su-2 of 13 GBAP; Kharkiv area 178 18 September 1942 11:57 LaGG-3 4 km (2.5 mi) S of Kotluban,
PQ 49 124
99♠ 14 May 1942[37][40][41]
—
 Su-2 of 13 GBAP; Kharkiv area 179 18 September 1942 11:59 LaGG-3 2 km (1.2 mi) SW of Kotluban,
PQ 49 121
100♠ 14 May 1942[40][41]
—
 Yak-1?
(MiG-3 claimed) 		Staryy Saltov-Kotovka 180 18 September 1942 12:12 Il-2 of 228 ShAD?; 24 km (15 mi)
NNW of Stalingrad, PQ 49 134
101♠ 14 May 1942[40][41] 16:45 Yak-1?
(MiG-3 claimed) 		Staryy Saltov-Kotovka 181 20 September 1942 8:20 LaGG-3 2 km (1.2 mi) NE of Kotluban,
PQ 40 784
102♠ 14 May 1942[40][41] 16:45 Yak-1?
(MiG-3 claimed) 		Staryy Saltov-Kotovka 182 21 September 1942[42] 11:32 Yak-1 12 km (7.5 mi) SSW of Kotluban,
PQ 49 151
103♠ 14 May 1942[40][41] 16:45 Yak-1?
(MiG-3 claimed) 		Staryy Saltov-Kotovka 183 21 September 1942[42] 11:40 Yak-1 16 km (9.9 mi) E of Kotluban,
PQ 49 132
104♠ 14 May 1942[40][43][41] 16:45 Yak-1?
(MiG-3 claimed) 		Staryy Saltov-Kotovka 184 21 September 1942[42] 16:24 Il-2 5 km (3.1 mi) E of Stalingrad,
PQ 49 412
105 15 May 1942
—
 Unknown Kharkiv area 185 21 September 1942[42] 17:02 Yak-1 14 km (8.7 mi) E of Stalingrad,
PQ 49 421
106 20 May 1942 17:37 Pe-3 of 99 BAP?; Kharkiv area 186 22 September 1942 11:20 I-16 of 629 IAP; northern Stalingrad,
PQ 49 272
107 21 May 1942[44]
—
 MiG-3 SE of Kharkiv 187 22 September 1942 16:45 Yak-1 35 km (22 mi) NE of Stalingrad,
PQ 49 261
108 23 May 1942 16:28[45] I-16 Savintsy[45] 188♠ 23 September 1942[42][46] 10:42 Yak-1 Volga River, E of Stalingrad, PQ 49 274
109 30 June 1942
—
 Unknown over Kharkiv-Rogan 189♠ 23 September 1942[42][46] 11:03 Il-2 8 km (5.0 mi) ESE of Kotluban,
PQ 49 131
110 30 June 1942
—
 Unknown Kharkiv area 190♠ 23 September 1942[42][46] 11:06 LaGG-3 16 km (9.9 mi) ENE of Kotluban,
PQ 40 792
111 30 June 1942
—
 Unknown Kharkiv area 191♠ 23 September 1942[42][46] 11:07 LaGG-3 70 km (43 mi) S of Stalingrad,
PQ 49 764
112 3 August 1942 18:35 Il-2 of 7 GShAP; Caucasus area 192♠ 23 September 1942[46] 14:30 Yak-1 24 km (15 mi) NNW of Stalingrad,
PQ 49 134
113 5 August 1942 9:37 LaGG-3 Caucasus area 193♠ 23 September 1942[46] 14:31 Su-2 of 270 BAD; 27 km (17 mi)
NNW of Stalingrad, PQ 49 132
114 12 August 1942 14:32 Yak-1 Kuban area; PQ 86 754 194♠ 23 September 1942[46] 14:33 Su-2 of 270 BAD; 16 km (9.9 mi)
E of Kotluban, PQ 40 794
115 13 August 1942 15:38 I-16 Kuban area; PQ 85 123 195♠ 23 September 1942[42][46] 16:37 Yak-1 4 km (2.5 mi)NE of Kotluban,
PQ 40 782
116[47] 14 August 1942 10:14 I-16 5 km (3.1 mi) SE of Krasnodar;
PQ 95 112 		196♠ 23 September 1942[42][46] 16:42 Yak-1 8 km (5.0 mi) NE of Kotluban,
PQ 40 763
117[47] 14 August 1942 10:20 I-16 5 km (3.1 mi) S of Krasnodar;
PQ 95 113 		197♠ 23 September 1942[42][46] 16:55 LaGG-3 14 km (8.7 mi) E of Stalingrad,
PQ 49 423
118[47] 14 August 1942 13:37 Yak-1 10 km (6.2 mi) SSW of Krasnodar;
PQ 85 263 		198 25 September 1942 14:41 La-5 of 287 IAD; 45 km (28 mi)
ENE of Stalingrad, PQ 59 144
119[47] 14 August 1942 13:52 Hurricane 10 km (6.2 mi) SW of Krasnodar;
PQ 85 224 		199 25 September 1942 14:46 La-5 of 287 IAD; 16 km (9.9 mi)
E of Stalingrad, PQ 49 284
120[47] 14 August 1942 13:57 LaGG-3 30 km (19 mi) SSW of Krasnodar;
PQ 85 241 		200[48] 26 September 1942 8:53 I-153 of 629 IAP; [49]30 km (19 mi)
E of Stalingrad, PQ 49 294
121 15 August 1942 16:41 Yak-1 20 km (12 mi) S of Krasnodar;
PQ 95 174 		201 26 September 1942[49] 16:42 LaGG-3 27 km (17 mi) N of Stalingrad,
PQ 49 211
122 16 August 1942 16:54 I-16 35 km (22 mi) SSW of Krasnodar;
PQ 85 314 		202 26 September 1942[49] 16:58 Yak-1 16 km (9.9 mi) SE of Stalingrad,
PQ 49 451
– 1943 –
203 June? 1943
—
 Mosquito Groningen 205 6 September 1943 10:50 B-17 [50][51] 30–50 km W of Stuttgart[50]
204 28 or 30 July 1943
—
 B-17
—
 206 6 September 1943 11:08 B-17 [50][51] southern Black Forest[50]
– 1944 –
207 10 February 1944 11:50 B-17 5 km (3.1 mi) S of Celle; PQ 15 Ost S/FA-7 210 8 March 1944
—
 P-51 near Celle;[52] PQ FA-FE
208 24 February 1944 13:40 B-24 of 2 BD; Giessen area; PQ 05 Ost S/QT 211 29 March 1944
—
 P-51[53][51] of 4 FG; N of Hanover
209 6 March 1944
—
 B-24* of 453 BG; W of Berlin[54] 212 29 March 1944
—
 P-51[53][51] of 4 FG; Schwarmstedt area

Notes

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  1. ^ A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Spick 1996, pp. 3–4.
  2. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 21.
  3. ^ Zabecki 2014, p. 117.
  4. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, pp. 199–216.
  5. ^ Spick 2006, p. 210.
  6. ^ Weal 2001, p. 83.
  7. ^ Weal 2006, p. 33.
  8. ^ Planquadrat.
  9. ^ Schumann 2005, pp. 43–45.
  10. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, pp. 289–295.
  11. ^ Weal 2004, p. 62.
  12. ^ Weal 2004, p. 69.
  13. ^ a b c Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 23.
  14. ^ Weal 2004, p. 70.
  15. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 289.
  16. ^ a b c Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 72.
  17. ^ a b c Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 124.
  18. ^ a b c d Bergström et al. 2006, p. 127.
  19. ^ a b Bergström et al. 2006, p. 130.
  20. ^ Bergström 2007, p. 30.
  21. ^ a b c d e Bergström et al. 2006, p. 139.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Weal 2004, p. 72.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 135.
  24. ^ a b Bergström 2007, p. 31.
  25. ^ a b c Bergström et al. 2006, p. 140.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 136.
  27. ^ Weal 2004, p. 126.
  28. ^ Weal 2001, p. 93.
  29. ^ Bergström 2007, p. 75.
  30. ^ a b Bergström 2007, p. 77.
  31. ^ a b c d e f Bergström 2007, p. 32.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 154.
  33. ^ a b Bergström 2007, p. 78.
  34. ^ a b Bergström et al. 2006, p. 149.
  35. ^ Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 158.
  36. ^ a b c Bergström 2007, p. 80.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h Bergström 2007, p. 37.
  38. ^ a b c d e f Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 163.
  39. ^ a b Bergström et al. 2006, p. 154.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g Weal 2001, p. 55.
  41. ^ a b c d e f g Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 164.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Bergström et al. 2006, p. 163.
  43. ^ Weal 2004, p. 74.
  44. ^ Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 167.
  45. ^ a b Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, p. 168.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bergström 2007, p. 81.
  47. ^ a b c d e Bergström et al. 2006, p. 75.
  48. ^ Bergström 2007, p. 83.
  49. ^ a b c Bergström et al. 2006, p. 168.
  50. ^ a b c d Weal 2006, p. 49.
  51. ^ a b c d Weal 1999, p. 55.
  52. ^ Weal 2006, p. 68.
  53. ^ a b Weal 2006, p. 69.
  54. ^ Weal 2006, p. 67.

Bibliography

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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish] (2007). Stalingrad – The Air Battle: 1942 through January 1943. Hinckley, England: Midland Publishing. ISBN 978-1-857802-76-4.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Mikhailov, Andrey (2001). Black Cross / Red Star Vol 2: Resurgence January – June 1942. Pasifica CA: Pasifica Military History. ISBN 0-935553-51-7.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski—A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Dikov, Andrey; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2006). Black Cross / Red Star Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume 3, Everything for Stalingrad. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9761034-4-8.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939–1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939–1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Schumann, Ralf (2005). Ritterkreuzträger Profile Nr. 3 Hermann Graf — der erste Jagdflieger mit 200 Luftsiegen [Knight's Cross Profiles Nr. 3 Hermann Graf — The first Fighter Pilot with 200 Aerial Victories] (in German). UNITEC-Medienvertrieb. OCLC 819747376. ASIN B003RKGYLY  (21 October 2014).
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Spick, Mike (2006). Aces of the Reich. London, UK: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-675-6.
  • Weal, John (1999). Bf 109F/G/K Aces of the Western Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 29. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85532-905-8.
  • Weal, John (2001). Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 37. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-084-1.
  • Weal, John (2004). Jagdgeschwader 52: The Experten. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 15. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-786-4.
  • Weal, John (2006). Bf 109 Defence of the Reich Aces. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 68. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-879-3.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-980-6.
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