This is a list of the butterflies of India belonging to the subfamily Pyrginae of the family Hesperiidae and an index to the species articles. The butterflies of this subfamily are commonly referred to as flats because of their habit of holding the wings flat at all times. They are also known as "angles", "elfs" or "grizzled skippers".
This list forms part of the full List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae) which itself is part of the complete List of butterflies of India.
A total of 69 species belonging to 21 genera are found in India.
Checklist
editCapila – dawnflies
editEvans (1932) had listed the various species of Capila under a number of different genera:
- Orthopaetus group (dawnflies)
- Lidderdale's dawnfly, Capila lidderdali (Elwes, 1888)[1][2][3]
- Fulvous dawnfly, Capila phanaeus (Hewitson, 1867)[1][2][4]
- Capila group (striped dawnflies)
- Pale striped dawnfly, Capila zennara (Moore, 1865)[1][2][5]
- Striped dawnfly, Capila jayadeva (Moore, 1865)[1][2][6]
- Crossiura group (fringed dawnfly)
- Fringed dawnfly, Capila pennicillatum (de Nicéville, 1893)[1][2][7]
- Calliana group (white dawnfly)
- White dawnfly, Capila pieridoides (Moore, 1878)[1][2] (Calliana pieridoides as per LepIndex[8])
Caprona – angles
edit
- Golden angle, Caprona ransonnetti (Felder, 1868)[9][10][11][12]
- Spotted angle, Caprona agama (Moore, 1857)[9][10]
Carcharodus – mallow skipper
edit- Mallow skipper, Carcharodus alceae (Esper, 1780)
- Carcharodus dravira (Moore, [1875])
Chamunda – olive flat
edit- Olive flat, Chamunda chamunda (Moore, 1865)[13]
Coladenia – pied flats
edit
- Brown pied flat, Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, 1883)[14]
- Tricolour pied flat, Coladenia indrani (Moore, 1865)[14]
- Elwes' pied flat, Coladenia agnioides Elwes & Edwards, 1897[14]
Ctenoptilum – tawny angle
edit- Tawny angle, Ctenoptilum vasava (Moore, 1865)[15]
Darpa – hairy angle
edit- Hairy angle, Darpa hanria (Moore, 1865)[16]
- Darpa striata (H. Druce, 1873)
- Darpa pteria (Hewitson, 1868)[16]
Gerosis – yellow-breast flats
edit- Common yellow-breast flat, Gerosis bhagava (Moore, [1866])[17]
- Dusky yellow-breast flat, Gerosis phisara (Moore, 1884)[17]
- Chinese yellow-breast flat, Gerosis sinica (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)[17]
Gomalia – marbled skipper
edit.JPG)
- African mallow/marbled skipper, Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862)[18]
Lobocla – marbled flat
edit- Marbled flat, Lobocla liliana (Atkinson, 1871)[19]
Mooreana – yellow flat
edit- Yellow flat, Mooreana trichoneura (M. t. pralaya, (Moore, 1865))[20]
Odina – zigzag flat
edit- Zigzag flat, Odina decoratus Hewitson, 1867[21]
- Odina hieroglyphica (Butler, 1870)[21]
Odontoptilum – chestnut angle
edit- Chestnut/banded angle, Odontoptilum angulatum (Felder, 1862)[22]
Pseudocoladenia
edit
- Fulvous pied flat, Pseudocoladenia dan (Fabricius, 1787)[23] previously Coladenia dan
- Pseudocoladenia festa (Evans, 1949)[23]
- Pseudocoladenia fatua (Evans, 1949)[23]
Pyrgus – grizzled skippers
edit- Pyrgus alpinus (Erschoff, 1874)[24]
- Pyrgus cashmirensis Moore, 1874[24]
Sarangesa – small flats
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- Common small flat, Sarangesa dasahara (Moore, 1865)[25]
- Spotted small flat, Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882)[25]
- Tiny flat, Sarangesa sati de Nicéville, 1891[25]
Satarupa – white flats
edit- Large white flat, Satarupa gopala (Moore, 1865)[26]
- Satarupa splendens Tytler, 1914[26]
Seseria – white flats
edit- Himalayan white flat, Seseria dohertyi Watson, 1863[27]
- Sikkim white flat, Seseria sambara (Moore, 1865)[27]
Spialia – grizzled skippers
edit- Indian grizzled skipper or Indian skipper, Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793)[28]
- Desert grizzled skipper, Spialia doris (Walker, 1870)[28]
- Zebra grizzled skipper, Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888)[28]
Tagiades – snow flats
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- Flat, Tagiades cohaerens Mabille, 1914[29] (T. c. cynthia Evans, 1934)
- Ceylon snow flat, Tagiades distans Moore[29]
- Immaculate/large/suffused snow flat, Tagiades gana (Moore, 1865)[29][30]
- Common snow flat, Tagiades japetus (Stoll, 1781)[29]
- Water snow flat, Tagiades litigiosa (Möschler, 1878)[29]
- Spotted snow flat, Tagiades menaka (Moore, 1865)[29]
- Tagiades parra Frühstorfer, 1910[29]
- Tagiades toba de Nicéville, 1896[29]
Tapena – black angle
edit
- Black angle, Tapena thwaitesi Moore, 1881[31][32][33]
See also
editCited references
edit- ^ a b c d e f Savela, Markku (21 October 2014). "Capila lidderdali (Elwes, 1888)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2007. Capila Moore 1866. Version 4 March 2007 (under construction). Page on genus Capila in [The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/]
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila lidderdali". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila phanaeus". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila zennara". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila jayadeva". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Capila pennicillatum". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Calliana pieridoides". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ a b Savela, Markku (23 November 2014). "Caprona ransonnetii (Felder, 1868)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b TOL web page on genus Caprona
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Caprona ransonnettii". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Caprona agama". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Chamunda chamunda (Moore, [1866])". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b c Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, [1884])". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ Savela, Markku (24 November 2012). "Ctenoptilum vasava (Moore, [1866])". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b Savela, Markku (15 April 2012). "Darpa hanria Moore, [1866]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b c Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Gerosis bhagava (Moore, [1866])". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ Savela, Markku (1 July 2012). "Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ Savela, Markku (10 February 2019). "Lobocla liliana (Atkinson, 1871)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Mooreana trichoneura (C. & R. Felder, 1860)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b Savela, Markku (28 November 2015). "Odina decoratus (Hewitson, 1867)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ Savela, Markku (20 October 2014). "Odontoptilum angulata (Felder, 1862)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b c Savela, Markku (23 December 2018). "Pseudocoladenia dan (Fabricius, 1787)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b Savela, Markku (10 February 2019). "Pyrgus alpinus (Erschoff, 1874)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b c Savela, Markku (2 January 2017). "Sarangesa dasahara Moore, [1866]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b Savela, Markku (10 February 2019). "Satarupa gopala Moore, [1866]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b Savela, Markku (26 November 2015). "Seseria dohertyi Watson, 1893". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b c Savela, Markku (10 February 2019). "Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Savela, Markku (25 December 2018). "Tagiades cohaerens Mabille, 1914". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ Haribal, 1994:200 Mentions Tagiades parra gala Evans, 1949
- ^ Savela, Markku (24 November 2012). "Tapena thwaitesi Moore, [1881]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 3 January 2020.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Tapena thwaitesi". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ TOL web page on genus Tapena thwaitesi
References
edit- Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
- Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac David; Punetha, Jagdish Chandra (1992). Common Butterflies of India. Nature Guides. Bombay, India: World Wide Fund for Nature-India by Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195631647.
- Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
- Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.