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List of colonists at Roanoke

Roanoke Colony was an enterprise financed and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 16th century to establish a permanent English settlement in the Virginia Colony.

1585 colony

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Engraving depicting the coast of North Carolina, including Roanoke Island

The original colony was established in 1585 as a military outpost under the command of Ralph Lane, and evacuated in 1586. A list of colonists is provided in Richard Hakluyt's The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation, although no author is recorded for the list. The list denotes 107 men who served under Lane, for a total of 108 colonists.[1]

A point of contention among historians is that John White is not listed among the 1585 colonists.[2]: 259  White is known to have arrived at Roanoke with the colonists, but there is no record of him remaining with the colony through the winter or returning to England with Richard Grenville's fleet. David Beers Quinn argued that White must have remained in the colony long enough to produce a map based on the colonists' 1586 exploration of the region. He speculated that a simple error could have omitted White from the list, or included him as "Iohn Twyt", "William White", or "Iohn Wright".[3]: 40–41, 196–197  In contrast, James Horn observed that White produced no known artwork of the people and towns discovered after August 1585, suggesting he was no longer present in the colony. As for the map, Horn argued that White, who was not a surveyor, would have based his illustration on someone else's survey data, making it no less plausible that he received such data in England than at Roanoke.[2]: 259  In any event, the dispute raises the possibility of errors in the list Hakluyt published, and that the figure of 108 may not be exact.

  1. Ralph Lane
  2. Philip Amadas
  3. Thomas Harriot[4][additional citation(s) needed]
  4. Acton
  5. Edward Stafford
  6. Thomas Luddington
  7. Maruyn
  8. Gardiner
  9. Captaine Vaughan
  10. Kendall
  11. Prideox
  12. Robert Holecroft
  13. Rise Courtney
  14. Hugh Roger
  15. Thomas Haruie
  16. Snelling
  17. Anthony Russe
  18. Allyne
  19. Michael Polison
  20. Iohn Cage
  21. Thomas Parre
  22. William Randes
  23. Geffery Churchman
  24. William Farthow
  25. Iohn Taylor
  26. Philip Robyns
  27. Thomas Philips
  28. Valentine Beale
  29. Thomas Foxe
  30. Darby Glande
  31. Edward Nugen
  32. Edward Kelle
  33. Iohn Gostigo
  34. Erasmus Clefs
  35. Edward Ketcheman
  36. Iohn Linsey
  37. Thomas Rottenbury
  38. Roger Deane
  39. Iohn Harris
  40. Francis Norris
  41. Matthew Lyne
  42. Edward Kettell
  43. Thomas Wisse
  44. Robert Biscombe
  45. William Backhouse
  46. William White
  47. Henry Potkin
  48. Dennis Barnes
  49. Ioseph Borges
  50. Dougham Gannes
  51. William Tenche
  52. Randall Latham
  53. Thomas Hulme
  54. Walter Mill
  55. Richard Gilbert
  56. Steuen Pomarie
  57. Iohn Brocke
  58. Bennet Harrie
  59. Iames Steuenson
  60. Charles Steuenson
  61. Christopher Lowde
  62. Ieremie Man
  63. Iames Mason
  64. Dauid Salter
  65. Richard Ireland
  66. Thomas Bookener
  67. William Philips
  68. Randall Mayne
  69. Iames Skinner
  70. George Eseuen
  71. Iohn Chandeler
  72. Philip Blunt
  73. Richard Poore
  74. Robert Yong
  75. Marmaduke Constable
  76. Thomas Hesket
  77. William Wasse
  78. Iohn Feuer
  79. Daniel
  80. Thomas Taylor
  81. Richard Humfrey
  82. Iohn Wright
  83. Gabriel North
  84. Bennet Chappell
  85. Richard Sare
  86. Iames Lacie
  87. Smolkin
  88. Thomas Smart
  89. Robert
  90. Iohn Euans
  91. Roger Large
  92. Humfrey Garden
  93. Francis Whitton
  94. Rowland Gryffin
  95. William Millard
  96. Iohn Twit
  97. Edward Seclemore
  98. Iohn Anwike
  99. Christopher Marshall
  100. Dauid Williams
  101. Nicholas Swabber
  102. Edward Chipping
  103. Siluester Beching
  104. Vincent Cheyne
  105. Hance Walters
  106. Edward Barecombe
  107. Thomas Skeuelabs
  108. William Walters

1587 colony

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Following the evacuation of the 1585 Roanoke colony, Walter Raleigh commissioned a second colony to be established by John White in 1587. The second colony was intended to settle in Chesapeake Bay, but instead was deposited on Roanoke Island. The colonists requested that White return to England, with the expectation that he would come back to Roanoke with fresh supplies in 1588.[5] When White finally returned in 1590, the site of the colony was abandoned.[6]

The exact number of people in the "Lost Colony" is disputed.[7]: 232  Hakluyt's Principal Navigations provides a list of 119 individuals who "safely arrived in Virginia" and remained there as of August 1587.[8] The list is not credited, but was presumably compiled by White, given his unique familiarity with the matter.[3]: 539  However, White himself is included in the list, as well as Simon Fernandes (who also returned to England) and two men who had died prior to White's departure. The name "Thomas Harris" appears twice, possibly representing two men with the same name or an unintentional duplication.[9]: 206  These problems suggest the possibility of other, less obvious issues in the list.

In a 1955 analysis of the list, David Beers Quinn determined "therefore, eighty-five men, less one dead (George Howe) and two returned (John White and Simon Fernandes), seventeen women and eleven children, making 113 brought from England and 110 left by White, plus two children born on Roanoke Island and two Indians, the total left behind being 114." However, Quinn's count of 85 European men may be in error, as he presents all 91 names from Hakluyt but only deducts three.[3]: 543  A very conservative tabulation (discounting White, Fernandes, Howe, Thomas Smith and the second Thomas Harris, and assuming Manteo and Towaye did not reside with the colony) would yield a population of 112 following White's departure. In contrast, Andy Gabriel-Powell proposed that the Hakluyt list may be incomplete, and that the total could be as high as 121.[10]: 61–63 

Men

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  1. John White[a]
  2. Roger Baily
  3. Ananias Dare
  4. Christopher Cooper
  5. Thomas Stevens
  6. John Sampson
  7. Dyonis Harvie
  8. Roger Prat
  9. George How[b]
  10. Simon Fernandes[a]
  11. Nicholas Johnson
  12. Thomas Warner
  13. Anthony Cage
  14. John Jones
  15. William Willes
  16. John Brooke
  17. Cutbert White
  18. John Bright
  19. Clement Tayler
  20. William Sole
  21. John Cotsmur
  22. Humfrey Newton
  23. Thomas Colman
  24. Thomas Gramme
  25. Marke Bennet
  26. John Gibbes
  27. John Stilman
  28. Robert Wilkinson
  29. John Tydway
  30. Ambrose Viccars
  31. Edmond English
  32. Thomas Topan
  33. Henry Berry
  34. Richard Berry
  35. John Spendlove
  36. John Hemmington
  37. Thomas Butler
  38. Edward Powell
  39. John Burden
  40. James Hynde
  41. Thomas Ellis
  42. William Browne
  43. Michael Myllet
  44. Thomas Smith[c]
  45. Richard Kemme
  46. Thomas Harris[d]
  47. Richard Taverner
  48. John Earnest
  49. Henry Johnson
  50. John Starte
  51. Richard Darige
  52. William Lucas
  53. Arnold Archard
  54. John Wright
  55. William Dutton
  56. Mauris Allen
  57. William Waters
  58. Richard Arthur
  59. John Chapman
  60. William Clement
  61. Robert Little
  62. Hugh Tayler
  63. Richard Wildye
  64. Lewes Wotton
  65. Michael Bishop
  66. Henry Browne
  67. Henry Rufoote
  68. Richard Tomkins
  69. Henry Dorrell
  70. Charles Florrie
  71. Henry Mylton
  72. Henry Paine
  73. Thomas Harris[d]
  74. William Nichols
  75. Thomas Phevens
  76. John Borden
  77. Thomas Scot
  78. Peter Little
  79. John Wyles
  80. Brian Wyles
  81. George Martyn
  82. Hugh Pattenson
  83. Martin Sutton
  84. John Farre
  85. John Bridger
  86. Griffen Jones
  87. Richard Shabedge
  88. James Lasie
  89. John Cheven
  90. Thomas Hewet
  91. William Berde

Women

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  1. Eleanor Dare
  2. Margery Harvie
  3. Agnes Wood
  4. Wenefrid Powell
  5. Joyce Archard
  6. Jane Jones
  7. Elizabeth Glane
  8. Jane Pierce
  9. Audry Tappan
  10. Alis Chapman
  11. Emme Merrimoth
  12. Colman[e]
  13. Margaret Lawrence
  14. Joan Warren
  15. Jane Mannering
  16. Rose Payne
  17. Elizabeth Viccars

Children

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  1. John Sampson
  2. Robert Ellis
  3. Ambrose Viccars
  4. Thomas Archard
  5. Thomas Humfrey
  6. Thomas Smart
  7. George How
  8. John Prat
  9. William Wythers
Children born at the colony
  1. Virginia Dare
  2. Harvie[e]

Native American repatriates

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  1. Manteo
  2. Towaye

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b Returned to England in 1587.
  2. ^ Killed at Roanoke[5]: 363 
  3. ^ John White reported that a Thomas Smith was killed en route back to England.[5]: 371 
  4. ^ a b Name appears twice, possibly in error[9]: 206 
  5. ^ a b No first name recorded

References

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  1. ^ Anon. (1600). "The names of those as well Gentlemen as others, that remained one whole yeere in Virginia, vnder the Gouernement of Master Ralph Lane.". In Hakluyt, Richard; Goldsmid, Edmund (eds.). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation. Vol. XIII: America. Part II. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid (published 1889). pp. 299–300. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  2. ^ a b Horn, James (2010). A Kingdom Strange: The Brief and Tragic History of the Lost Colony of Roanoke. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00485-0.
  3. ^ a b c Quinn, David Beers, ed. (1955). The Roanoke Voyages, 1584–1590: Documents to illustrate the English Voyages to North America under the Patent granted to Walter Raleigh in 1584. Farnham: Ashgate (published 2010). ISBN 978-1-4094-1709-5.
  4. ^ "Præstigiator". Encyclopedia Virginia.
  5. ^ a b c White, John (1600). "The fourth voyage made to Virginia with three ships, in yere 1587. Wherein was transported the second Colonie.". In Hakluyt, Richard; Goldsmid, Edmund (eds.). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation. Vol. XIII: America. Part II. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid (published 1889). pp. 358–371. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  6. ^ White, John (1600). "The fourth voyage made to Virginia with three ships, in yere 1587. Wherein was transported the second Colonie.". In Hakluyt, Richard; Goldsmid, Edmund (eds.). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation. Vol. XIII: America. Part II. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid (published 1889). pp. 375–388. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  7. ^ Fullam, Brandon (2017). The Lost Colony of Roanoke: New Perspectives. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4766-6786-7.
  8. ^ Anon. (1600). "The names of all the men, women and children, which safely arriued in Virginia, and remained to inhabite there. 1587. Anno regni Reginæ Elizabethæ. 29.". In Hakluyt, Richard; Goldsmid, Edmund (eds.). The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques, And Discoveries Of The English Nation. Vol. XIII: America. Part II. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid (published 1889). pp. 371–373. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
  9. ^ a b Powell, William S. (April 1957). "Roanoke Colonists and Explorers: An Attempt at Identification". The North Carolina Historical Review. 34 (2). North Carolina Office of Archives and History: 202–226. JSTOR 23516851.
  10. ^ Gabriel-Powell, Andy (2016). Richard Grenville and the Lost Colony of Roanoke. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-1-4766-6571-9.
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