List of common display resolutions

This article lists computer monitor, television, digital film, and other graphics display resolutions that are in common use. Most of them use certain preferred numbers.

Computer graphics

Pixel aspect ratio (PAR): The horizontal to vertical ratio of each pixel.
Storage aspect ratio (SAR): The horizontal to vertical ratio of solely the number of pixels in each direction.^{[note 1]}
Display aspect ratio (DAR): The combination (which occurs by multiplication) of both the pixel aspect ratio and storage aspect ratio giving the aspect ratio as experienced by the viewer.

Computer and handheld screens
Designation	Usage	W	(px)	H	Aspect ratio			Total pixels
Designation	Usage	W	(px)	H	Storage	Display	Pixel	Total pixels
0.26K1	Microvision	16	×	16	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	256
0.46K1	Timex Datalink USB^[1]^[2]	42	×	11	42∶11	1∶1	5:9	462
1.02K1	PocketStation	32	×	32	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	1,024
1.20K3	Etch A Sketch Animator	40	×	30	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	1,200
1.34K1	Epson RC-20^[3]	42	×	32	21∶16	1∶1	0.762	1,344
1.54K2	GameKing I (GM-218), VMU	48	×	32	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	1,536
2.00K3	Ever DOS computers	80	×	25	16∶5	4∶3	0.417	2,000
2.40K2	Etch A Sketch Animator 2000	60	×	40	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	2,400
2.88K5	Thumby (console)	72	×	40	9∶5	7∶5	0.778	2,880
4.03K7∶4	Nokia 3210 and many other early Nokia Phones	84	×	48	7∶4	2∶1	1.143	4,032
4.10K1	Hartung Game Master	64	×	64	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	4,096
4.25K3	Ever DOS computers 2x	170	×	25	34∶5	4∶3	0.196	4,250
4.61K1	Field Technology CxMP smart watch^[2]	72	×	64	9∶8	1∶1	0.889	4,608
4.61K1	Montblanc e-Strap^[4]	128	×	36	32∶9	1∶1	0.281	4,608
4.80K1	Epoch Game Pocket Computer	75	×	64	75∶64	1∶1	1:1.171875	4,800
6.00K3.75	Entex Adventure Vision	150	×	40	15∶4	3.75	1∶1	6,000
6.14K2	First graphing calculators: Casio fx-7000G, TI-81	96	×	64	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	6,144
6.14K2	Pokémon Mini	96	×	64	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	6,144
6.14K2	TRS-80	128	×	48	8∶3	3∶2	0.563	6,144
6.24K2	Early Nokia colour screen phones	96	×	65	96∶65	3∶2	1.016	6,240
6.53KA	Ruputer	102	×	64	51∶32	8∶5	1.004	6,528
7.56K2	Pokémon Mini	108	×	70	54∶35	3∶2	0.972	7,560
8.08K4	Sony Ericsson T68i, T300, T310 and other early colour and black&white screen phones	101	×	80	101∶80	5∶4	0.99	8,080
8.19K2∶1	Arduboy	128	×	64	2∶1	2∶1	1∶1	8,192
9.22K1	MetaWatch Strata & Frame watches	96	×	96	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	9,216
12.29K2	Pokémon Mini	128	×	96	4∶3	3∶2	1.125	12,288
15.36K3.75	Atari Portfolio, TRS-80 Model 100	240	×	64	15∶4	3.75	1∶1	15,360
16.32KA	Atari Lynx	160	×	102	80∶51	8∶5	1.02	16,320
16.38K1	Sony SmartWatch, Sifteo cubes, early color screen phones (square display), PICO-8	128	×	128	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	16,384
20.48K0.8	Samsung feature phones, e.g., Samsung SGH-S150G and other feature phones such as MobiWire Nakai	128	×	160	4∶5	4:5	1∶1	20,480
QQVGA	Quarter Quarter VGA: Nintendo Game Boy Advance LoRes	160	×	120	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	19,200
23.04K1.111	Nintendo Game Boy (GB), Game Boy Color (GBC); Sega Game Gear (GG)	160	×	144	10∶9	10:9	1∶1	23,040
24.19K0.857	Pebble E-Paper Watch	144	×	168	6∶7	6:7	1∶1	24,192
24.32K1.053	Neo Geo Pocket Color	160	×	152	20∶19	20:19	1∶1	24,320
25.60K1	Palm LoRes	160	×	160	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	25,600
26.88K3	Apple II HiRes (6 color) and Apple IIe Double HiRes (16 color), grouping subpixels	140	×	192	35∶48	4∶3	1.828	26,880
32.00K3	VIC-II multicolor, IBM PCjr 16-color, Amstrad CPC 16-color	160	×	200	4∶5	4∶3	5∶3	32,000
32.26K9	WonderSwan	224	×	144	14∶9	14∶9	1∶1	32,256
36.61K13∶11	Nokia Series 60 smartphones (Nokia 7650, plus First and Second Edition models only)	208	×	176	13∶11	13∶11	1∶1	36,608
HQVGA	Half QVGA: Nintendo Game Boy Advance	240	×	160	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	38,400
38.72K4	Older Java MIDP devices like Sony Ericsson K600	220	×	176	5∶4	5∶4	1∶1	38,720
40.96K3	BBC Micro 20 column modes	160	×	256	5∶8	4∶3	2.133	40,960
44.64K3	Apple II HiRes 3 colors	180	×	248	45∶62	4∶3	1.837	44,640
43.26K1	Nokia 5500 Sport, Nokia 6230i, Nokia 8800	208	×	208	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	43,264
49.15K3	TMS9918 modes 1 (e.g. TI-99/4A) and 2, ZX Spectrum, MSX, Sega Master System, Nintendo DS (each screen)	256	×	192	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	49,152
53.76K3	Apple II HiRes (1 bit per pixel)	280	×	192	35∶24	4∶3	0.914	53,760
54.27K3	MSX2	256	×	212	64∶53	4∶3	1.104	54,272
55.30K1	Samsung Gear Fit	432	×	128	27∶8	1∶1	0.296	55,296
57.34K3	Nintendo Entertainment System, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Mega Drive	256	×	224	8∶7	4∶3	7∶6	57,344
57.60K1	Apple iPod Nano 6G, Palm (PDA)	240	×	240	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	57,600
61.44K3	PlayStation (e.g. Rockman Complete Works)	256	×	240	16∶15	4∶3	5∶4	61,440
61.44K6	Atari 8-bit computers PAL	320	×	192	5∶3	5∶3	1∶1	61,440
61.44K5∶3	Atari 8-bit computers NTSC	320	×	192	5∶3	50:35	6:7	61,440
Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)	CGA 4-color, ATM 16 color, Atari ST 16 color, Nintendo 64 LoRes, Commodore 64, HiRes VIC-II Hires, Amiga OCS NTSC Lowres, Apple IIGS LoRes, MCGA, Amstrad CPC 4-color	320	×	200	8∶5	4∶3	0.833	64,000
65.54K1	Elektronika BK	256	×	256	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	65,536
65.54K3	Sinclair QL	256	×	256	1∶1	4∶3	4∶3	65,536
66.56K2	UIQ 2.x based smartphones	320	×	208	20∶13	3∶2	0.975	66,560
71.68K2	Sega Mega Drive, Sega Nomad, Neo Geo AES	320	×	224	10∶7	3∶2	1.05	71,680
QVGA	Quarter VGA: Apple iPod Nano 3G, Nintendo Entertainment System HiRes, Super Nintendo Entertainment System, PlayStation, Nintendo 64, GameCube, Nintendo DS (each screen), Nintendo 3DS (lower screen)	320	×	240	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	76,800
81.92K4	Acorn BBC 40 column modes, Amiga OCS PAL Lowres	320	×	256	5∶4	5∶4	1∶1	81,920
81.92K3	GameCube	320	×	256	5∶4	4∶3	1.066	81,920
86.02K3	Capcom CP System (CPS, CPS2, CPS3) arcade system boards	384	×	224	12∶7	4∶3	0.778	86,016
88.32K3	PlayStation (e.g. X-Men vs. Street Fighter)	368	×	240	23∶15	4∶3	0.869	88,320
89.28K3	Super Nintendo Entertainment System	372	×	240	31∶20	4∶3	0.86	89,280
90.24K9	Apple iPod Nano 5G	376	×	240	47∶30	14∶9	0.993	90,240
92.48K0.8	Apple Watch 38mm	272	×	340	4∶5	4:5	1∶1	92,480
WQVGA	Wide QVGA: Common on Windows Mobile 6 handsets, Nintendo 3DS (upper screen in 2D mode), Playdate (console)	400	×	240	5∶3	5∶3	1∶1	96,000
98.30K3	Timex Sinclair 2068, Timex Computer 2048	512	×	192	8∶3	4∶3	0.5	98,304
100.35K3	IGS PolyGame Master arcade system board	448	×	224	2∶1	4∶3	0.667	100,352
102.40K1	Palm (PDA) HiRes, Samsung Galaxy Gear	320	×	320	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	102,400
WQVGA	Wide QVGA: Apple iPod Nano 7G	432	×	240	9∶5	9∶5	1∶1	103,680
107.52K3	Apple IIe Double Hires (1 bit per pixel)^[5]	560	×	192	35∶12	4∶3	0.457	107,520
108.00K9	TurboExpress	400	×	270	40∶27	16∶9	1.199	108,000
108.54K3	MSX2	512	×	212	128∶53	4∶3	0.552	108,544
110.59K3	Common Intermediate Format	384	×	288	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	110,592
WQVGA*	Variant used commonly for portable DVD players, digital photo frames, GPS receivers and devices such as the Kenwood DNX-5120 and Glospace SGK-70; often marketed as "16:9"	480	×	234	80∶39	16∶9	0.866	112,320
qSVGA	Quarter SVGA: Super Nintendo Entertainment System Selectable in some PC shooters	400	×	300	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	120,000
120.00K3	Teletext and Viewdata 40×25 character screens (PAL non-interlaced)	480	×	250	48∶25	4∶3	0.694	120,000
121.68K0.8	Apple Watch 42mm	312	×	390	4∶5	4:5	1∶1	121,680
122.88K3	PlayStation (e.g. Tekken and Tekken 2)	512	×	240	32∶15	4∶3	0.625	122,880
128.00K3	Amiga OCS NTSC Lowres interlaced	320	×	400	4∶5	4∶3	5∶3	128,000
Color Graphics Adapter (CGA)	Atari ST 4 color, ATM, CGA mono, Amiga OCS NTSC Hires, Apple IIGS HiRes, Nokia Series 80 smartphones, Amstrad CPC 2-color	640	×	200	16∶5	4∶3	0.417	128,000
130.56K9	Sony PlayStation Portable, Zune HD, Neo Geo X	480	×	272	30∶17	16∶9	1.007	130,560
131.07K2∶1	Elektronika BK, Poly-Play	512	×	256	2∶1	2∶1	1∶1	131,072
131.07K3	Sinclair QL	512	×	256	2∶1	4∶3	0.667	131,072
0.15M13∶11	Nokia Series 60 smartphones (E60, E70, N80, N90)	416	×	352	13∶11	13∶11	1∶1	146,432
HVGA	Palm Tungsten T3, Apple iPhone, HTC Dream, Palm (PDA) HiRES+	480	×	320	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	153,600
HVGA	Handheld PC	640	×	240	8∶3	8:3	1∶1	153,600
0.15M3	PlayStation, GameCube	640	×	240	8∶3	4∶3	0.5	153,600
0.16M3	Acorn BBC 80 column modes, Amiga OCS PAL Hires	640	×	256	5∶2	4∶3	0.533	163,840
0.18M2	Black & white Macintosh (9")	512	×	342	256∶171	3∶2	1.002	175,104
0.18M3	PlayStation (e.g. Tekken 3) (interlaced)	368	×	480	23∶30	4∶3	1.739	176,640
0.19M3	Sega Model 1 (e.g. Virtua Fighter) and Model 2 (e.g. Daytona USA) arcade system boards	496	×	384	31∶24	4∶3	1.032	190,464
0.19M6	Nintendo 3DS (upper screen in 3D mode: 2× 400 × 240, one for each eye)	800	×	240	10∶3	5∶3	0.5	192,000
0.20M3	Macintosh LC (12")/Color Classic (also selectable in many PC shooters)	512	×	384	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	196,608
0.20M2∶1	Nokia Series 90 smartphones (7700, 7710)	640	×	320	2∶1	2∶1	1∶1	204,800
EGA	Enhanced Graphics Adapter, Apple Macintosh	640	×	350	64∶35	4∶3	0.729	224,000
0.23M9	nHD, used by Nokia 5800, Nokia 5530, Nokia X6, Nokia N97, Nokia N8^[6]	640	×	360	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	230,400
0.24M3	Teletext and Viewdata 40×25 character screens (PAL interlaced)	480	×	500	24∶25	4∶3	1.389	240,000
0.25M3	Namco System 12 arcade system board (e.g. Soulcalibur, Tekken 3, Tekken Tag Tournament) (interlaced)	512	×	480	16∶15	4∶3	5∶4	245,760
0.25M3	HGC	720	×	348	60∶29	4∶3	0.644	250,560
0.25M3	MDA	720	×	350	72∶35	4∶3	0.648	252,000
0.26M3	Atari ST mono, Amiga OCS NTSC Hires interlaced	640	×	400	8∶5	4∶3	0.833	256,000
0.26M3	Apple Lisa	720	×	364	180∶91	4∶3	0.674	262,080
0.28M2.273	Nokia E90 Communicator	800	×	352	25∶11	25:11	1∶1	281,600
0.29M4	Some older monitors	600	×	480	5∶4	5∶4	1∶1	288,000
VGA	Video Graphics Array:MCGA (in monochome), Nintendo 3DS lower screen HiRes, GameCube, Sun-1 color, PlayStation (e.g. Tobal No.1 and Ehrgeiz), Nintendo 64, (e.g. various Expansion Pak enhanced games), 6th Generation Consoles, Nintendo Wii	640	×	480	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	307,200
0.33M3	Amiga OCS PAL Hires interlaced	640	×	512	5∶4	4∶3	1.066	327,680
WVGA	Wide VGA	768	×	480	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	368,640
WGA	Wide VGA: List of mobile phones with WVGA display	800	×	480	5∶3	5∶3	1∶1	384,000
W-PAL	Wide PAL	848	×	480	53∶30	16∶9	1.006	407,040
FWVGA	List of mobile phones with FWVGA display	854	×	480	427∶240	16∶9	0.999	409,920
SVGA	Super VGA Nintendo Wii, Nintendo 64 HiRes, GameCube HiRes	800	×	600	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	480,000
qHD	Quarter FHD: AACS ICT, HRHD, Motorola Atrix 4G, Sony XEL-1^[7]^{[unreliable source?]}	960	×	540	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	518,400
0.52M3	Apple Macintosh Half Megapixel^[8]	832	×	624	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	519,168
0.52M9	PlayStation Vita (PSV)	960	×	544	30∶17	16∶9	1.007	522,240
0.59M9	PAL 16:9	1024	×	576	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	589,824
DVGA	Double VGA: Apple iPhone 4S,^[9]^{[unreliable source?]}^[10] 4th Generation iPod Touch^[11]	960	×	640	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	614,400
WSVGA	Wide SVGA: 10” netbooks	1024	×	600	128∶75	16∶9	1.041	614,400
0.66MA	Close to WSVGA	1024	×	640	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	655,360
0.69M3	Panasonic DVCPRO100 for 50/60 Hz over 720p - SMPTE Resolution	960	×	720	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	691,200
0.73M9	Apple iPhone 5, iPhone 5S, iPhone 5C, iPhone SE (1st)	1136	×	640	71∶40	16∶9	1.001	727,040
0.73M9	Occasional Chromebook resolution with 96 DPI; see HP Chromebook 14A G5.	1138	×	640	16∶9	16∶9	0.999	728,320
XGA	Extended Graphics Array:Common on 14″/15″ TFTs and the Apple iPad	1024	×	768	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	786,432
0.82M3	Sun-1 monochrome	1024	×	800	32∶25	4∶3	1.041	819,200
0.83MA	Supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games	1152	×	720	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	829,440
0.88M2	Apple PowerBook G4 (original Titanium version)	1152	×	768	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	884,736
WXGA	Wide XGA:Minimum, 720p Nintendo Wii U, Nintendo Switch HDTV	1280	×	720	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	921,600
0.93M3	NeXT MegaPixel Display	1120	×	832	35∶26	4∶3	0.99	931,840
WXGA	Wide XGA:Average, BrightView Nintendo Wii U, Nintendo Switch	1280	×	768	5∶3	5∶3	1∶1	983,040
XGA+	Apple XGA^{[note 2]}	1152	×	864	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	995,328
1.00M9	Apple iPhone 6, iPhone 6S, iPhone 7, iPhone 8, iPhone SE (2nd)	1334	×	750	667∶375	16∶9	0.999	1,000,500
WXGA	Wide XGA:Maximum Nintendo Wii U, Nintendo Switch, Steam Deck	1280	×	800	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	1,024,000
1.04M32∶25	Sun-2 Prime Monochrome or Color Video, also common in Sun-3 and Sun-4 workstations	1152	×	900	32∶25	32∶25	1∶1	1,036,800
1.05M1∶1	Network Computing Devices	1024	×	1024	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	1,048,576
WXGA HD	Standardized HDTV 720p/1080i displays or "HD ready", used in most cheaper notebooks Nintendo Wii U	1366	×	768	683∶384	16∶9	0.999	1,049,088
1.09M2	Apple PowerBook G4	1280	×	854	3∶2	3∶2	1.001	1,093,120
SXGA−	Super XGA "Minus":	1280	×	960	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	1,228,800
1.23M2.083	Sony VAIO P series	1600	×	768	25∶12	25:12	1∶1	1,228,800
1.30M0.9	HTC Vive (per eye)	1080	×	1200	9∶10	9:10	1∶1	1,296,000
WSXGA	Wide SXGA	1440	×	900	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	1,296,000
WXGA+	Wide XGA+	1440	×	900	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	1,296,000
SXGA	Super XGA	1280	×	1024	5∶4	5∶4	1∶1	1,310,720
1.38M2	Apple PowerBook G4	1440	×	960	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	1,382,400
HD+	900p Nintendo Wii U, PlayStation 4	1600	×	900	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	1,440,000
SXGA+	Super XGA Plus, Lenovo Thinkpad X61 Tablet	1400	×	1050	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	1,470,000
1.47M5	Similar to A4 paper format (~123 dpi for A4 size)	1440	×	1024	45∶32	7∶5	0.996	1,474,560
1.56M3	HDV 1080i	1440	×	1080	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	1,555,200
1.64M0	SGI 1600SW	1600	×	1024	25∶16	25∶16	1∶1	1,638,400
WSXGA+	Wide SXGA+	1680	×	1050	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	1,764,000
1.78M9	Available in some monitors	1776	×	1000	222∶125	16∶9	1.001	1,776,000
UXGA	Ultra XGA:Lenovo Thinkpad T60	1600	×	1200	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	1,920,000
2.05M4	Sun3 Hi-res monochrome	1600	×	1280	5∶4	5∶4	1∶1	2,048,000
FHD	Full HD:1080 HDTV (1080i, 1080p PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch)	1920	×	1080	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	2,073,600
2.07M1	Windows Mixed Reality headsets (per eye)	1440	×	1440	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	2,073,600
DCI 2K	DCI 2K	2048	×	1080	1.90∶1	1.90∶1	1.002	2,211,840
WUXGA	Wide UXGA	1920	×	1200	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	2,304,000
QWXGA	Quad WXGA, 2K	2048	×	1152	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	2,359,296
2.41M3	Supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games	1792	×	1344	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	2,408,448
FHD+	Full HD Plus:Microsoft Surface 3	1920	×	1280	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	2,457,600
2.46M19∶9	Samsung Galaxy S10e, Xiaomi Mi A2 Lite, Huawei P20 Lite	2280	×	1080	19∶9	19∶9	1∶1	2,462,400
2.53M19½∶9	Samsung Galaxy A8s, Xiaomi Redmi Note 7, Honor Play	2340	×	1080	19½:9	19½:9	1∶1	2,527,200
2.58M3	Supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games	1856	×	1392	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	2,583,552
2.59M09	Samsung Galaxy A70, Samsung Galaxy S21/+, Xiaomi Redmi Note 9S, default for many 3200x1440 phones^[12]	2400	×	1080	20∶9	20∶9	1∶1	2,592,000
2.59M4	Supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games	1800	×	1440	5∶4	5∶4	1∶1	2,592,000
CWSXGA	NEC CRV43,^[13] Ostendo CRVD,^[14] Alienware Curved Display^[15]^[16]	2880	×	900	16∶5	16:5	1∶1	2,592,000
2.59M9	HTC Vive, Oculus Rift (both eyes)	2160	×	1200	9∶5	9∶5	1∶1	2,592,000
2.62MA	Supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games	2048	×	1280	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	2,621,440
TXGA	Tesselar XGA	1920	×	1400	48∶35	7∶5	1.021	2,688,000
2.72M1B	Motorola One Vision, Motorola One Action and Sony Xperia 10 IV	2520	×	1080	21∶9	21∶9	1∶1	2,721,600
2.74M2.165	Apple iPhone X, iPhone XS and iPhone 11 Pro	2436	×	1125	812∶375	2.165	1∶1	2,740,500
2.74M1AD	Avielo Optix SuperWide 235 projector^[17]	2538	×	1080	24∶10	24∶10	1.017	2,741,040
2.76M3	Supported by some GPUs, monitors, and games	1920	×	1440	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	2,764,800
UW-FHD	UltraWide FHD:Cinema TV from Philips and Vizio, Dell UltraSharp U2913WM, ASUS MX299Q, NEC EA294WMi, Philips 298X4QJAB, LG 29EA93, AOC Q2963PM	2560	×	1080	21∶9	21∶9	1∶1	2,764,800
3.11M2	Microsoft Surface Pro 3	2160	×	1440	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	3,110,400
QXGA	Quad XGA:iPad (3rd Generation), iPad Mini (2nd Generation)	2048	×	1536	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	3,145,728
3.32MA	Maximum resolution of the Sony GDM-FW900, Hewlett Packard A7217A and the Retina Display MacBook	2304	×	1440	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	3,317,760
3.39MA	Surface Laptop, Framework Laptop 13	2256	×	1504	3∶2	8∶5	1.067	3,393,024
WQHD	Wide Quad HD:Dell UltraSharp U2711, Dell XPS One 27, Apple iMac	2560	×	1440	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	3,686,400
3.74M9	Available in some monitors	2576	×	1450	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	3,735,200
3.98M3	Supported by some displays and graphics cards^[18]^{[unreliable source?]}^[19]	2304	×	1728	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	3,981,312
WQXGA	Wide QXGA:Apple Cinema HD 30, Apple 13" MacBook Pro Retina Display, Dell Ultrasharp U3011, Dell 3007WFP, Dell 3008WFP, Gateway XHD3000, Samsung 305T, HP LP3065, HP ZR30W, Nexus 10	2560	×	1600	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	4,096,000
4.15M2∶1	LG G6, LG V30, Pixel 2 XL, HTC U11+, Windows Mixed Reality headsets (both eyes)	2880	×	1440	2∶1	2∶1	1∶1	4,147,200
Infinity Display	Samsung Galaxy S8, S8+, S9, S9+, Note 8	2960	×	1440	18½∶9	18½∶9	1∶1	4,262,400
4.35M2	Chromebook Pixel	2560	×	1700	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	4,352,000
4.61M1.422	Pixel C	2560	×	1800	64:45	64:45	1∶1	4,608,000
4.67M9	Lenovo Thinkpad W541	2880	×	1620	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	4,665,600
4.92M3	Max. CRT resolution, supported by the Viewsonic P225f and some graphics cards	2560	×	1920	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	4,915,200
Ultra-Wide QHD	LG, Samsung, Acer, HP and Dell UltraWide monitors	3440	×	1440	21∶9	21∶9	1∶1	4,953,600
4.99M2	Microsoft Surface Pro 4	2736	×	1824	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	4,990,464
5.18MA	Apple 15" MacBook Pro Retina Display	2880	×	1800	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	5,184,000
5.53M2	Microsoft Surface Pro X	2880	×	1920	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	5,529,600
QSXGA	Quad SXGA:	2560	×	2048	5∶4	5∶4	1∶1	5,242,880
5.60M3	iPad Pro 12.9"	2732	×	2048	4∶3	4∶3	0.999	5,595,136
WQXGA+	Wide QXGA+:HP Envy TouchSmart 14, Fujitsu Lifebook UH90/L, Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro	3200	×	1800	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	5,760,000
QSXGA+	Quad SXGA+:	2800	×	2100	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	5,880,000
5.90MA	Apple 16" MacBook Pro Retina Display	3072	×	1920	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	5,898,240
4.26M1.538	Apple 13" MacBook Air (Apple silicon) Retina Display	2560	×	1664	8∶5.2	8∶5.2	1∶1	4,259,840
5.37M17∶11	Apple 15" MacBook Air (Apple silicon) Retina Display	2880	×	1864	8∶5.178	8∶5.178	1∶1	5,368,320
5.94M17∶11	Apple 14" MacBook Pro (Apple silicon) Retina Display	3024	×	1964	8∶5.196	8∶5.196	1∶1	5,939,136
7.72M1.547	Apple 16" MacBook Pro (Apple silicon) Retina Display	3456	×	2234	8∶5.171	8∶5.171	1∶1	7,720,704
3K	Microsoft Surface Book, Huawei MateBook X Pro^[20]	3000	×	2000	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	6,000,000
3K	OnePlus Pad 2, OnePlus Pad Pro^[21]	3000	×	2120	75∶53	7∶5	0.989	6,360,000
UW4K	Ultra-Wide 4K: Sony Xperia 1, Sony Xperia 1 II, Sony Xperia 1 III, Sony Xperia 1 IV, Sony Xperia 1 V:	3840	×	1600	24∶10	21∶9	0.988	6,144,000
WQSXGA	Wide QSXGA:	3200	×	2048	25∶16	25∶16	1∶1	6,553,600
7.00M2	Microsoft Surface Book 2 15"	3240	×	2160	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	6,998,400
DQHD	Dual Quad HD: Philips 499P9H, Dell U4919DW, Samsung C49RG94SSU	5120	×	1440	32:9	32:9	1∶1	7,372,800
QUXGA	Quad UXGA:	3200	×	2400	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	7,680,000
4K UHD-1	4K Ultra HD 1:2160p, 4000-lines UHDTV (4K UHD)	3840	×	2160	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	8,294,400
DCI 4K	DCI 4K:	4096	×	2160	1.90∶1	1.90∶1	1.002	8,847,360
WQUXGA	Wide QUXGA:IBM T221	3840	×	2400	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	9,216,000
9.44M9	LG Ultrafine 21.5, Apple 21.5" iMac 4K Retina Display	4096	×	2304	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	9,437,184
UW5K (WUHD)	Ultra-Wide 5K:21:9 aspect ratio TVs	5120	×	2160	21∶9	21∶9	1∶1	11,059,200
11.29M9	Apple 24" iMac 4.5K Retina Display	4480	×	2520	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	11,289,600
HXGA	Hex XGA:	4096	×	3072	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	12,582,912
13.50M2	Surface Studio	4500	×	3000	3∶2	3∶2	1∶1	13,500,000
5K	Dell UP2715K, LG Ultrafine 27, Apple 27" iMac 5K Retina Display, Apple Studio Display	5120	×	2880	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	14,745,600
WHXGA	Wide HXGA:	5120	×	3200	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	16,384,000
HSXGA	Hex SXGA:	5120	×	4096	5∶4	5∶4	1∶1	20,971,520
6K	Apple 32" Pro Display XDR^[22] 6K Retina Display	6016	×	3384	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	20,358,144
WHSXGA	Wide HSXGA:	6400	×	4096	25∶16	25∶16	1∶1	26,214,400
HUXGA	Hex UXGA:	6400	×	4800	4∶3	4∶3	1∶1	30,720,000
–		6480	×	3240	2∶1	2∶1	1∶1	20,995,200
8K UHD-2	8K Ultra HD 2:4320p, 8000-lines UHDTV (8K UHD), Dell UltraSharp UP3218K 32" 8K	7680	×	4320	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	33,177,600
WHUXGA	Wide HUXGA:	7680	×	4800	8∶5	8∶5	1∶1	36,864,000
8K Full Format	DCI 8K:	8192	×	4320	1.90∶1	1.90∶1	1.002	35,389,440
—		8192	×	4608	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	37,748,736
UW10K	Ultra-Wide 10K:	10240	×	4320	21∶9	21∶9	1∶1	44,236,800
8K Fulldome	8K Fulldome	8192	×	8192	1∶1	1∶1	1∶1	67,108,864
16K	16K	15360	×	8640	16∶9	16∶9	1∶1	132,710,400
16K Full Format	DCI 16K	16384	×	8640	1.90∶1	1.90∶1	1.002	141,557,760

Television and media

For television, the display aspect ratio (DAR) is shown, not the storage aspect ratio (SAR); analog television does not have well-defined pixels, while several digital television standards have non-square pixels.

Analog systems

Analog broadcast television systems
Standard	Resolution^{[note 3]} (dots × lines)	Display aspect ratio, H:V	Total pixels
CCIR System B/G (PAL/SECAM)	~520 × 576	4:3	~299,520
CCIR System D/K/L (PAL/SECAM)	~627 × 576	4:3	~361,152
CCIR System I (PAL)	~573 × 576	4:3	~330,048
CCIR System N (PAL-N)	~440 × 576	4:3	~253,440
PALplus	~520 × 576	16:9	~300,000
Undecoded PALplus	~520 × 432	16:9	~220,000
NTSC,^[23]^[24] PAL-M	~440 × 486	4:3	~213,840
LaserDisc	~580 × 486 (NTSC)	4:3^{[note 4]}	~268,800
LaserDisc	~570 × 576 (PAL/SECAM)	4:3^{[note 4]}	~322,560
VHS, Betamax, Video8	~320 × 486 (NTSC)	4:3	~153,600
VHS, Betamax, Video8	~310 × 576 (PAL/SECAM)	4:3	~178,560
Betamax Superbeta	~380 × 486 (NTSC)	4:3	~182,400
Betamax Superbeta	~370 × 576 (PAL/SECAM)	4:3	~213,120
Betacam	~387 × 486 (NTSC)	4:3	~185,760
Betacam	~387 × 576 (PAL)	4:3	~222,912
Betacam SP	~453 × 486 (NTSC)	4:3	~220,158
Betacam SP	~453 × 576 (PAL)	4:3	~260,928
S-VHS, Hi8	~560 × 486 (NTSC)	4:3	~272,160
S-VHS, Hi8	~560 × 576 (PAL)	4:3	~322,560
Hi-Vision^[25]	~1920 × 1035	16:9	~1,987,200
HD-MAC	~1040 × 1152	5:3	~1,198,080
CCIR System A (405-line)	~503 × 377	4:3 (5:4 before 1950)	~189,631
819-line	~816 × 736	4:3	~600,576

Digital standards

Digital television broadcast and video media distribution standards
Standard	Resolution (dots × lines)	Name	Scan	Frame rate (Hz)	Display aspect ratio, H:V	Total pixels
VCD (MPEG-1), LDTV (e.g. DMB)	352 × 240	SIF 525	240p	30	4:3	84,480
VCD (MPEG-1), LDTV (e.g. DMB)	352 × 288	SIF 625	288p	25	4:3	101,376
CVD	352 × 480		480i	30	4:3, 16:9	168,960
CVD	352 × 576		576i	25	4:3, 16:9	202,725
SVCD (MPEG-2)	480 × 480		480i	30	4:3, 16:9	230,400
SVCD (MPEG-2)	480 × 576		576i	25	4:3, 16:9	276,480
DVD	720 × 480	NTSC	480i, 480p	24, 30	4:3, 16:9	345,600
DVD	720 × 576	PAL	576i, 576p	25	4:3, 16:9	414,720
SDTV, EDTV (SMPTE 293M, Rec. 601, e.g. ATSC, DVB,^[26] ISDB)	352 × 480		480i, 480p	30	4:3, 16:9	168,960
	480 × 480					230,400
	528 × 480					253,440
	544 × 480					261,120
	640 × 480					307,200
	704 × 480	4SIF 525				337,920
	720 × 480	NTSC				345,600
	480 × 576		576i, 576p	25	4:3, 16:9	276,480
	544 × 576					313,344
	704 × 576	4SIF 625				405,504
	720 × 576	PAL				414,720
HDTV (Rec. 709; Blu-ray, HD DVD)	1280 × 720	HD	720p	24, 25, 30, 50, 60	16:9	921,600
	1280 × 1080	Full HD, HD Lite	1080i	25, 30	16:9	1,382,400
	1440 × 1080	Full HD, HD Lite	1080i	25, 30	16:9	1,555,200
	1920 × 1080	Full HD	1080i, 1080p	24, 25, 30	16:9, 2.21:1	2,073,600
UHDTV (Rec. 2020, Ultra HD Blu-ray)	3840 × 2160	4K UHDTV	2160p	24, 25, 30, 50, 60, 100, 120	16:9	8,294,400
UHDTV (Rec. 2020, Ultra HD Blu-ray)	7680 × 4320	8K UHDTV	4320p	24, 25, 30, 50, 60, 100, 120	16:9	33,177,600

Many of these resolutions are also used for video files that are not broadcast. These may also use other aspect ratios by cropping otherwise black bars at the top and bottom which result from cinema aspect ratios greater than 16∶9, such as 1.85 or 2.35 through 2.40 (dubbed "Cinemascope", "21∶9" etc.), while the standard horizontal resolution, e.g. 1920 pixels, is usually kept. The vertical resolution is usually a multiple of 8 or 16 pixels due to most video codecs processing pixels on such sized blocks. A widescreen FHD video can be 1920 × 800 for a 12∶5 ratio or 1920 × 1040 for roughly 1.85 × 1, for instance.

Films

Digital film standards
Standard	Resolution	Display aspect ratio	Total pixels
Digital cinema 2×	2048 × 858	2.39:1	1,757,184
Digital cinema 2×	1998 × 1080	1.85:1	2,157,840
Academy 2×	1828 × 1332	1.37:1	2,434,896
Full Aperture Native 2×	2048 × 1556	1.32:1	3,186,688
Digital cinema 4×	4096 × 1714	2.39:1	7,020,544
Digital cinema 4×	3996 × 2160	1.85:1	8,631,360
Digital Cinema Initiatives 4× (native resolution)	4096 × 2160	1.90:1	8,847,360
Academy 4×	3656 × 2664	1.37:1	9,739,584
Full Aperture 4×	4096 × 3112	1.32:1	12,746,752
6K^[27]	6144 × 3160	1.94:1	19,415,040
8K	7992 × 4320	1.85:1	34,525,440
7.2K	7200 × 3060	2.35:1	22,032,000
IMAX Digital^[28]	5616 × 4096	1.37:1	23,003,136

The below distinguish SAR (aspect ratio of pixel dimensions), DAR (aspect ratio of displayed image dimensions), and the corresponding PAR (aspect ratio of individual pixels), though it currently contains some errors (inconsistencies), as flagged.

Post-production digital working resolutions
Standard	Resolution	Aspect ratio			Total pixels
Standard	Resolution	Storage	Display	Pixel	Total pixels
DV NTSC	720 × 480	3:2	4:3	10:11 ^{[citation needed]}	345,600
D1 NTSC	720 × 486	40:27	4:3	9:10	349,920
DV PAL	720 × 576	5:4	4:3	12:11 ^{[citation needed]}	414,720
D1 PAL	720 × 576	5:4	4:3	16:15	414,720
Panasonic DVCPRO HD 720p	960 × 720	4:3	16:9	4:3	691,200
Panasonic DVCPRO HD 1080, 59.94i	1280 × 1080	32:27	16:9	3:2	1,382,400
Panasonic DVCPRO HD 1080, 50i	1440 × 1080 ^{[citation needed]}	4:3 ^{[citation needed]}	16:9 ^{[citation needed]}	3:2 ^{[citation needed]}	1,555,200
HDV 1080i/1080p	1440 × 1080	4:3	16:9	4:3	1,555,200
Sony HDCAM (1080)	1440 × 1080 ^{[citation needed]}	4:3 ^{[citation needed]}	16:9 ^{[citation needed]}	3:2 ^{[citation needed]}	1,555,200
Sony HDCAM SR (1080)	1920 × 1080	16:9	16:9	1:1	2,073,600
Academy 2×	1828 × 1332	1.37:1	1.37:1	1:1	2,434,896
Full Aperture Native 2×	2048 × 1556	1.316	4:3	~1:1	3,186,688
Academy 4×	3656 × 2664	1.37:1	1.37:1	1:1	9,739,584
Full Aperture 4×	4096 × 3112	1.316	4:3	~1:1	12,746,752

Video conferencing

Video conferencing standards
Standard	Resolution	Storage aspect ratio	Total pixels
SQCIF (Sub Quarter CIF)	128 × 96	1.33:1	12,288
QCIF (Quarter CIF)	176 × 144	1.22:1	25,344
CIF (or FCIF)	352 × 288	1.22:1	101,376
4CIF (4 × CIF)	704 × 576	1.22:1	405,504
16CIF (16 × CIF)	1408 × 1152	1.22:1	1,622,016

CCTV

960H is a resolution used in analog CCTV equipment. 960H represents the number of horizontal pixels in a video signal transmitted from a camera or received by a DVR (Digital Video Recorder). The resolution of 960H depends on whether the equipment is PAL or NTSC based: 960H represents 960 x 576 (PAL) or 960 x 480 (NTSC) pixels.^[29] 960H represents an increase in pixels of some 30% over standard D1 resolution, which is 720 x 576 pixels (PAL), or 720 x 480 pixels (NTSC). The increased resolution over D1 comes as a result of a longer horizontal scan. The difference is that whilst D1 has a 4:3 aspect ratio 960H has a 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio. The extra pixels are used to form the increased area to the sides of the D1 image. The pixel density of 960H is identical to standard D1 resolution so it does not give any improvement in image quality, merely a wider aspect ratio.

Alternative analog video transport technologies carrying higher resolutions than 960H include HD-TVI, HDCVI, and AHD.

Notes

^ LCD panels' resolutions are often quoted in terms of raw subpixels, misnamed "pixels" in manufacturer's specifications. Each real pixel includes one subpixel for each of three colors, so calling subpixels "pixels" inflates the claimed resolution by a factor of three. This bit of marketing obfuscation is calculated as horizontal resolution × vertical resolution × 3. For example: 640 × 480 VGA is 921,600 subpixels, or 307,200 pixels, 800 × 600 SVGA is 1,440,000 subpixels, or 480,000 pixels, and 1024 × 768 XGA is 2,359,296 subpixels, but only 786,432 full-color pixels.
^ Apple Computer 1 megapixel standard
^ Horizontal resolutions are approximated using the sampling theorem, while vertical resolutions (lines) are fixed, standardized values
^ 16:9 anamorphic available with some hardware.

References

^ Joris van den Heuvel. "Timex Datalink USB". Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ ^a ^b "Multi-Purpose Data Displays as Wrist Watch Replacement". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.105.8049.
^ "Computer Watch Fun". Archived from the original on 16 April 2012.
^ "Montblanc e-Strap review". Engadget.
^ "Apple IIc Flat Panel Display". Shrine of Apple. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ "Device Details - Nokia 5800 XpressMusic". Forum.nokia.com. Archived from the original on 5 April 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2013.^{[unreliable source?]}
^ "NEC LCD Technologies Develops 3.5-Inch New System-on-Glass LCD Module Boasting Industry-Leading Picture Quality". Free Online Library. 13 November 2006. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ Apple Computer 1⁄2 Megapixel standard
^ John Gruber (19 April 2010). "Why 960 × 640". Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ "iPhone 4S Tech Specs (Apple)". Apple. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "iPod touch (4th generation) - Technical Specifications". Apple. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ "When did Quad HD+ resolution become a hidden smartphone feature?". Android Authority. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
^ Ricker, Thomas (4 June 2009). "NEC CRV43: 43-inches of curve on sale July". Engadget. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ "Ostendo CRVD". Crvd.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ Dybwad, Barb (7 January 2008). "Alienware curved display rocks Crysis at 2880 × 900". Engadget. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ Brown, Rich (6 January 2008). "If you're a gamer, you want this monitor". CNET. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ "Avielo Optix-SuperWide235" (PDF). February 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ "Display settings differ on identical monitors". Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ "Multiscan G520 - feodora80 log - Netease blog". Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ "Huawei MateBook X Pro review". TechRadar. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^ "OnePlus Pad Pro - Full tablet specifications". GSMArena. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
^ "Apple Pro Display XDR Review". PCMag. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
^ "Scanning, Timing/Sync, Sync Recovery, Numbers". ntsc-tv.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "NTSC and PAL video standards". adobe.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017.
^ Tanaka, Hidehiko; Muraoka, Yōichi (1996). The Massively Parallel Processing System JUMP-1. Ohmsha. ISBN 9784274900839.
^ ETSI TS 101 154
^ "RED Digital Cinema | DSMC2". red.com.
^ Steve Wright (2012). Digital compositing for film and video, Volume 10. Taylor & Francis. p. 342. ISBN 9780240807607. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
^ "Recording Resolution". www.cctv42.co.uk. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

External links

Interactive Visualization : Screen Resolutions
Resolutions for Common Aspect Ratios Archived 20 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine

[1] LCD panels' resolutions are often quoted in terms of raw subpixels, misnamed "pixels" in manufacturer's specifications. Each real pixel includes one subpixel for each of three colors, so calling subpixels "pixels" inflates the claimed resolution by a factor of three. This bit of marketing obfuscation is calculated as horizontal resolution × vertical resolution × 3. For example: 640 × 480 VGA is 921,600 subpixels, or 307,200 pixels, 800 × 600 SVGA is 1,440,000 subpixels, or 480,000 pixels, and 1024 × 768 XGA is 2,359,296 subpixels, but only 786,432 full-color pixels.

[13] Apple Computer 1 megapixel standard

[25] Horizontal resolutions are approximated using the sampling theorem, while vertical resolutions (lines) are fixed, standardized values

[28] 16:9 anamorphic available with some hardware.

[2] Joris van den Heuvel. "Timex Datalink USB". Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[Multi-Purpose_Data_Displays_as_Wrist_Watch_Replacement-3] "Multi-Purpose Data Displays as Wrist Watch Replacement". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.105.8049.

[4] "Computer Watch Fun". Archived from the original on 16 April 2012.

[5] "Montblanc e-Strap review". Engadget.

[6] "Apple IIc Flat Panel Display". Shrine of Apple. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[7] "Device Details - Nokia 5800 XpressMusic". Forum.nokia.com. Archived from the original on 5 April 2010. Retrieved 18 December 2013.^{[unreliable source?]}

[8] "NEC LCD Technologies Develops 3.5-Inch New System-on-Glass LCD Module Boasting Industry-Leading Picture Quality". Free Online Library. 13 November 2006. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[9] Apple Computer 1⁄2 Megapixel standard

[10] John Gruber (19 April 2010). "Why 960 × 640". Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[11] "iPhone 4S Tech Specs (Apple)". Apple. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[12] "iPod touch (4th generation) - Technical Specifications". Apple. 21 November 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

[14] "When did Quad HD+ resolution become a hidden smartphone feature?". Android Authority. 17 May 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2021.

[15] Ricker, Thomas (4 June 2009). "NEC CRV43: 43-inches of curve on sale July". Engadget. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[16] "Ostendo CRVD". Crvd.com. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[17] Dybwad, Barb (7 January 2008). "Alienware curved display rocks Crysis at 2880 × 900". Engadget. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[18] Brown, Rich (6 January 2008). "If you're a gamer, you want this monitor". CNET. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[19] "Avielo Optix-SuperWide235" (PDF). February 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[20] "Display settings differ on identical monitors". Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[21] "Multiscan G520 - feodora80 log - Netease blog". Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[22] "Huawei MateBook X Pro review". TechRadar. Retrieved 4 October 2018.

[23] "OnePlus Pad Pro - Full tablet specifications". GSMArena. Retrieved 17 July 2024.

[24] "Apple Pro Display XDR Review". PCMag. Retrieved 4 December 2020.

[26] "Scanning, Timing/Sync, Sync Recovery, Numbers". ntsc-tv.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[27] "NTSC and PAL video standards". adobe.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2017.

[29] Tanaka, Hidehiko; Muraoka, Yōichi (1996). The Massively Parallel Processing System JUMP-1. Ohmsha. ISBN 9784274900839.

[DVB-30] ETSI TS 101 154

[31] "RED Digital Cinema | DSMC2". red.com.

[32] Steve Wright (2012). Digital compositing for film and video, Volume 10. Taylor & Francis. p. 342. ISBN 9780240807607. Retrieved 18 December 2013.

[33] "Recording Resolution". www.cctv42.co.uk. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

[note 1]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[note 2]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[note 3]

[23]

[24]

[note 4]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]