Wikipedia

List of cuisines of the Americas

This is a list of cuisines of the Americas. A cuisine is a characteristic style of cooking practices and traditions,[1] often associated with a specific culture. The cuisines found across North and South America are based on the cuisines of the countries from which the immigrant peoples came, primarily Europe. However, traditional European cuisine has been adapted with the addition of local ingredients, and many techniques have been added to the tradition as well.

North American cuisine

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A sirloin steak dinner
 
Creole Jambalaya with shrimp, ham, tomato, and Andouille sausage
 
A New England clam bake
  • American cuisine (U.S.) – is cuisine from the United States. The cuisine's history dates back from before the colonial period with the Native Americans, who used diverse cooking styles and ingredients. During the European colonization period, the cooking techniques used changed and new ingredients were introduced from Europe. The cuisine continued to expand and diversify into the 19th and 20th centuries with the influx of immigrants from various nations across the world. This influx has created unique regional cuisines throughout the country. In addition to cookery, cheese and wine play an important role in the cuisine. The wine industry is regulated by American Viticultural Areas (AVA) (regulated appellation), similar to those laws found in countries such as France and Italy.
  • Southwestern American cuisine is food styled after the rustic cooking of the Southwestern United States. It comprises a fusion of recipes for things that might have been eaten by Spanish colonial settlers, cowboys, Native Americans,[5] and Mexicans throughout the post-Columbian era. there is, however, a great diversity in this type of cuisine throughout the Southwestern states.
  • Western American cuisine can be distinct in various ways compared to the rest of the U.S.[6] Those states west of Texas, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska would be considered part of this area, as would, in some cases, western parts of adjoining states.[7] The concept of obtaining foods locally is increasingly influential, as is the concept of sustainability.[8] The influence of the Native American cultures of each area, but especially in the Northwest and in Navajo country,[9] is important in the cuisine picture of the Western United States.[10]
  • Other
  • Regional foods and cuisines
 
Québécois poutine is made with french fries, curds and gravy.
  • Cuisine of the Maritime Provinces – the Maritimes region of Canada has some unique foods from the Acadians, First Nations and English settlers groups. Many of these dishes use seafood and/or vegetables that were easy to preserve during the winter.
  • Cuisine of Toronto – Toronto's is a large city with significant multicultural diversity due to recent immigration. As such, cuisines from around the world can be found there. [21][22] Different ethnic neighborhoods throughout the city focus on specific cuisines.[23]
  • Some of Canada's regional foods:
See also: Maya cuisine and Agriculture in Mesoamerica
 
A traditional chile relleno stuffed with jack cheese and breaded with corn masa flour. This is a Mexican dish that originated in the city of Puebla.
  • Mexican cuisine – Mexican food varies by region because of Mexico's large size[24] and diversity, different climates and geography, ethnic differences among the indigenous inhabitants and because different populations were influenced by the Spaniards in varying degrees. The north of Mexico is known for its beef, goat and ostrich production and meat dishes, in particular the well-known arrachera cut. The food staples of Mexican cuisine are typically corn and beans. Corn is used to make masa, a dough for tamales, tortillas, gorditas, and many other corn-based foods. Corn is also eaten fresh, as corn on the cob and as a component of a number of dishes. Squash and chili peppers also prominent in Mexican cuisine. Honey is an important ingredient in many Mexican dishes, such as the rosca de miel, a bundt-like cake, and in beverages such as balché. Mexican cuisine was added by UNESCO to its lists of the world's "Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity".
  • By region
Mexico's six regions differ greatly in their cuisines. In the Yucatán, achiote seasoning is commonly used, which is a sweet red sauce with a slight peppery flavor, made from seeds of the tropical annatto plant and sour orange. In contrast, the Oaxacan region is known for its savory tamales, moles, and simple tlayudas, while the mountainous regions of the West (Jalisco, etc.) are known for goat birria (goat in a spicy tomato-based sauce).
 
Tacos made with carnitas filling
Central Mexico's cuisine is influenced by the rest of the country, and also has unique dishes such as barbacoa, pozole, menudo and carnitas.
Southeastern Mexico is known for its spicy vegetable and chicken-based dishes. The cuisine of Southeastern Mexico has a considerable Caribbean influence due to its location. Seafood is commonly prepared in states that border the Pacific Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico, the latter having a famous reputation for its fish dishes, à la veracruzana.
In pueblos or villages, there are also more exotic dishes, cooked in the Aztec or Mayan style (known as comida prehispánica) with ingredients ranging from iguana to rattlesnake, deer, spider monkey, chapulines, ant eggs, and other kinds of insects.
More recently, Baja Med cuisine has developed in Tijuana and elsewhere in Baja California, combining Mexican with Mediterranean flavors.
Recently other cuisines of the world have acquired popularity in Mexico, thus adopting a Mexican fusion. For example, sushi in Mexico is often made with a variety of sauces based on mango or tamarind, and very often served with serrano-chili-blended soy sauce, or complemented with habanero and chipotle peppers.
  • Regional foods
  • Carne asada, thin or thick pieces of meat, usually beef, that is often marinated and served whole or chopped
  • Chipotle, a smoke-dried jalapeño chili pepper
  • Chocolate: The word chocolate originated in Mexico's Aztec cuisine, derived from the Nahuatl word xocolatl. Chocolate was first drunk rather than eaten. In the past, the Maya civilization grew cacao trees[25] and used the cacao seeds it produced to make a frothy, bitter drink.[26] The drink, called xocoatl, was often flavored with vanilla, chili pepper, and achiote (also known as annatto).[27] Chocolate was also historically used as a form of currency.[28] Today chocolate is used in a wide array of Mexican foods, from savory dishes such as mole to traditional Mexican style hot chocolate and champurrados, both of which are prepared with a molinillo.

Caribbean cuisine

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See also: Caribbean cuisine and § Latin American cuisine
 
 
Mofongo is a Puerto Rican dish made with plantains.
 
Jamaican jerk spice chicken, rice, plantain and a honey biscuit
  • As there is no one homogeneous Caribbean, there is also no one Caribbean cuisine, but one based on European historical grouping and colonization. There are two broad based or types of cuisines in the Caribbean area. One is based around Western European colonized groupings such as British, French, Dutch and the other Spanish-based like in Central America and most of South America, or Latin based. Both incorporate a European influence (s) together with an Indigenous (Mayan, Aztec or Amerindian), and a West African influence as a base.

The dishes made in the previously British and French Islands and territories in the Caribbean are much more diverse than the islands colonized by Spanish due to a history of changing colonial administration or ownership (between British, French, Dutch and Spanish), and the migration of diverse groups brought to work on plantations including Indians from Indian, Chinese and Portuguese (Madeira and Azores).

There is even much diversity within each previous colonial groupings. While both Trinidad and Jamaica were both British colonies and share similar cooking styles, the scope of dishes in Trinidad are different and more diverse due to a very different population make up. The similarities in the larger region lie mostly in the fruits and vegetables consumed and the ingredients used in cooking, with the use of root vegetables, plantains, beans, and rice, fish and seafood being a common denominator. In the post independence and post colonial era, and with globalization in the 1990s cultural and food similarities between the previous British, still French and Dutch Island and territories were magnified.

  • Regional foods

Central American cuisine

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See also: § Latin American cuisine, Maya cuisine, and Agriculture in Mesoamerica
 
 
Sopa de pata is a popular soup in El Salvador made from cow tripe, plantain, corn, tomatoes, cabbage and spices.
  • Belizean cuisine is an amalgamation of all the ethnicities in the nation of Belize, and their respective wide variety of foods. Culinary influences include Mayan, Garifuna, Spanish, Creole, Chinese, British, Caribbean, and American.
  • Costa Rican cuisine – a common dish is gallo pinto, which is rice and black beans. Tortillas, plantains, fish, beef and chicken are part of the cuisine. Casado is a traditional dish comprising meat served with tortillas and side items such as black beans and rice, or gallo pinto. Refrescos in Costa Rica refers to cold fruit smoothie beverages made with fruit and milk or water.[citation needed]
  • Guatemalan cuisine was influenced by the Mayan Empire, Spanish rule and the current modernized country. Guatemala has 22 departments (or divisions), each of which has varying food varieties.
  • Honduran cuisine is a fusion of African, Spanish, and indigenous cuisine. Coconut is used in both sweet and savory dishes. Regional specialties include fried fish, tamales, carne asada and baleadas. Common dishes include grilled meats, tortillas, rice and beans. Seafood is common in the Bay Islands and on the Caribbean coast.[citation needed]
  • Nicaraguan cuisine is a mixture of Spanish, Creole, Garifuna and indigenous cuisines and foods. When the Spaniards first arrived in Nicaragua they found that the Creole people present had incorporated foods available in the area into their cuisine.[30] Despite the blending and incorporation of pre-Columbian and Spanish influenced cuisine, traditional cuisine changes from the Pacific to the Caribbean coast. While the Pacific coast's main staple revolves around local fruits and corn, the Caribbean coast's cuisine makes use of seafood and the coconut. Traditional Nicaraguan foods include beans, corn, plantains, peppers and yucca.[citation needed]
  • Panamanian cuisine is both unique and rich. As a land bridge between two continents, Panama possesses an unusual variety of tropical fruits, vegetables and herbs that are used in native cooking. Panamanian cuisine is a unique mix of African, Caribbean, Spanish and Native American cooking and dishes.
  • Salvadoran cuisine consists of food from the Maya, Lenca, and Pipil people. The cuisine is also influenced by Spanish cuisine. Empanadas, tamales and pupusas are widespread, and seafood is common because of San Salvador's extensive coastline.[citation needed]
  • Regional foods
The sweet potato is native to Central America and was domesticated there at least 5,000 years ago.[31]

South American cuisine

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See also: § Latin American cuisine
 
 
Arepa is most popular plate of Venezuelan Cuisine. Ais an earthenware bowl.
 
Asado with achuras (offal) and sausages. Asado is a term for barbecuing and the social event of having or attending a barbecue in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile and southern Brazil.
 
Paila marina is a common fish soup in Chile and other South American countries. A paila is an earthenware bowl.
  • Argentine cuisine may be referred to as a cultural blending of indigenous Mediterranean influences (such as those exerted by Italian-Spanish and Arabic populations) with the wide scope of livestock and agricultural products which are abundant in the country.[33]
  • Bolivian cuisine
  • Brazilian cuisine, like Brazil itself, varies greatly by region. The natural crops available in each region add to their singularity. Some typical dishes are caruru, which consists of okra, onion, dried shrimp and toasted nuts (peanuts or cashews) cooked with palm oil until a spread-like consistency is reached and moqueca capixaba, consisting of slow-cooked fish, tomato, onion and garlic topped with cilantro.
  • Chilean cuisine stems mainly from the combination of Spanish cuisine with traditional Chilean ingredients, with later influences from other European cuisines, particularly from Germany, Italy, Croatia, France and the Middle East. The food tradition and recipes in Chile stand out due to the varieties in flavors and colors. The country's long coastline and the Chilean peoples' relationship with the sea adds an immense array of ocean products to the variety of the food in Chile. The country's waters are home to unique species of fish and shellfish such as the Chilean sea bass, loco and picoroco.
  • Colombian cuisine refers to the cooking traditions and practices of Colombia. Along with other cultural expressions of national identity, Colombian cuisine varies among its many distinct regions.[34] Colombians typically eat three meals a day: a large breakfast, a medium lunch between 12-2, and a light dinner.[35] Colombian coffee is well known for its high standards in taste compared to others.
  • Ecuadorian cuisine is diverse, varying with altitude and associated agricultural conditions. Pork, chicken, beef, and cuy (guinea pig) are popular in the mountain regions and are served with a variety of carbohydrate-rich foods, especially rice, corn and potatoes. A popular street food in mountain regions is hornado, consisting of potatoes served with roasted pig.
  • French Guianan cuisine
  • Guyanese cuisine
  • Paraguayan cuisine is similar to the cuisines in Uruguay and the Falkland Islands. Cuisine of Paraguay, Uruguay and the Falkland Islands, Guarani and European Influences. Meats, vegetables, manioc,[36] maize[36] and fruits are common in Paraguayan cuisine.[citation needed] Barbecuing is both a cooking technique and often a social event, and are known as Asados.
  • Peruvian cuisine reflects local cooking practices and ingredients—and, through immigration, influences from Spanish, Chinese, Italian, German, West African, and Japanese cuisine. Many traditional foods—such as quinoa, kiwicha, chili peppers, and several roots and tubers have increased in popularity in recent decades, reflecting a revival of interest in native Peruvian foods and culinary techniques.
  • Surinamese cuisine
  • Uruguayan cuisine is traditionally based on its European roots, in particular, Mediterranean food from Italy, Spain, Portugal and France, but also from countries such as Germany and Britain, along with African and indigenous mixtures. The national drink is the Grappamiel.
  • Venezuelan cuisine – Due to its location in the world, its diversity of industrial resources and the cultural diversity of the Venezuelan people, Venezuelan cuisine often varies greatly from one region to another; however, its cuisine, traditional as well as modern, has strong ties to its European ancestry.

Latin American cuisine

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  • Latin American cuisine – incorporates influences from all over the world. Most came due to colonization and the resulting mixtures among the Native Americans, European immigrants, and African slaves. Different waves of immigration (Some resulting from wars, such as World War II) have also had a hand in this mixture, mainly in the form of immigrants from central and eastern Europe and from east Asia (mainly China and Japan).
    • Caribbean cuisine – see above
    • Central American cuisine – see above
    • South American cuisine – see above

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Cuisine." Thefreedictionary.com. Accessed June 2011.
  2. ^ Crook, Nathan C. "Foods That Matter: Constructing Place and Community at Food Festivals in Northwest Ohio." Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (abstract). The Ohio Library and Information Network. Accessed July 2011.
  3. ^ "Michigan/Great Lakes Region." Archived September 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Community Based Food and Farming. Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems at Michigan State University Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed July 2011.
  4. ^ a b c d Beggs, Cindy, Gipson, Bridget, Shaw, Sherrie. "Cajun and Creole Cuisine." Archived May 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine University of West Florida. Accessed July 2011.
  5. ^ "Native Americans." (cached version). Ed101.bu.edu Archived August 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed July 2011.
  6. ^ "Western USA." Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Allrecipes.com. Accessed July 2011.
  7. ^ "Cuisine of the West Coast." Archived August 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Allrecipes.com. Accessed July 2011.
  8. ^ "Pacific Northwest Cuisine." Lifeintheusa.com . Accessed July 2011.
  9. ^ "Navajo Food." Navajo-arts.com. Accessed July 2011.
  10. ^ "Native American cuisine goes gourmet." Archived September 21, 2004, at the Wayback Machine The CBS Interactive Business Network. Accessed July 2011.
  11. ^ "The birth of California cuisine is generally traced back to Alice Waters in the 1970s and her restaurant Chez Panisse. Waters introduced the idea of using natural, locally grown fresh ingredients to produce her dishes. California cuisine is... local, based like most traditional regional cooking on available ingredients including abundant seafood. Fresh vegetables, lightly cooked, and fresh fruits, berries, and herbs characterize the cuisine generally, but California cooking is also in fact a fusion of cooking from around the world." Benjamin F. Shearer Culture and Customs of the United States Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007 ISBN 0-313-33877-9, 440, page 212
  12. ^ A taste of Seattle: A Pacific Northwest culinary pilgrimage Janis Cooke Newman, San Francisco Chronicle, 10-21-01
  13. ^ Pandi, George (April 5, 2008), "Let's eat Canadian, but is there really a national dish?", The Gazette (Montreal), archived from the original on August 23, 2012 Also published as "Canadian cuisine a smorgasbord of regional flavours"
  14. ^ Trillin, Calvin (November 23, 2009), "Canadian Journal, "Funny Food,"", The New Yorker, pp. 68–70
  15. ^ Wong, Grace (October 2, 2010), Canada's national dish: 740 calories – and worth every bite?, CNN, archived from the original on January 30, 2011
  16. ^ Sufrin, Jon (April 22, 2010), "Is poutine Canada's national food? Two arguments for, two against", Toronto Life, archived from the original on March 22, 2011
  17. ^ Baird, Elizabeth (June 30, 2009), "Does Canada Have a National Dish?", Canadian Living
  18. ^ DeMontis, Rita (June 21, 2010), "Canadians butter up to this tart", Toronto Sun, archived from the original on December 26, 2018, retrieved May 26, 2013
  19. ^ "Maple Syrup." Archived September 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Accessed July 2011.
  20. ^ "The Maple Leaf". Canadian Heritage. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
  21. ^ "Toronto's racial diversity". Toronto.ca. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
  22. ^ "Toronto Restaurants". Food.ca. 2004. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
  23. ^ "Toronto | Toronto's Neighbourhoods". where.ca. Archived from the original on February 20, 2010. Retrieved August 24, 2010.
  24. ^ "Guide to Traditional Mexican Cooking." Archived September 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Flavoursofmexico.net Archived May 31, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed July 2011.
  25. ^ "Chocolate: A Mesoamerican Luxury 250–900 C.E. (A.D.) – Obtaining Cacao". Field Museum. Archived from the original on March 18, 2009. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  26. ^ "Chocolate: A Mesoamerican Luxury 250–900 C.E. (A.D.) – Making Chocolate". Field Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on March 18, 2009. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  27. ^ "Achiote (Annatto) Cooking". las Culturas. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved May 21, 2008.
  28. ^ "A Brief History of Chocolate, Food of the Gods". Athena Review. 2 (2). Athena Pub. Archived from the original on June 8, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2007.
  29. ^ "Maize, the Staple Crop of the Americas." Mesa Community College. Accessed July 2011.
  30. ^ "Try the culinary delights of Nicaragua cuisine". Nicaragua.com. Retrieved May 8, 2006.
  31. ^ Sweet Potato Archived February 7, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
  32. ^ "Amazonian Cuisine." Brazil-travel-guide.com. Accessed July 2011.
  33. ^ "Argentina - Tourism - Gastronomy". Archived from the original on March 23, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2016., 'Argentine Gastronomy', June 6, 2008
  34. ^ "Colombian culture and contributions to culture". Mundolatino.com. Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
  35. ^ "Culture of Colombia". Advameg, inc. Retrieved February 17, 2011.
  36. ^ a b "Paraguay, the Country of Cassava." Consumer.es. Accessed July 2011. (in Spanish)
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