Wikipedia

List of films banned in Germany

This is a list of films that are or were banned in Germany.

Weimar Republic (1918–1933)

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Date Title Notes
1920–1945 Anders als die Andern (Different from the Others) Banned due to homosexual themes. During the 1920s, it was restricted for viewing to doctors and medical researchers only. After Hitler came to power in 1933, it was banned again and mostly destroyed by the Nazis.[1] The film was later partially reconstructed.[2]
1929 The Barnyard Battle (1929) Banned initially because the cats in this Mickey Mouse cartoon wear helmets that resemble German pickelhaube.[3][4] Today the ban is no longer in effect.
1930–1931 and again from 1933 to 1945 All Quiet on the Western Front (1929) Banned in 1930 after protests but then re-admitted in a heavily censored version in 1931 after public debate.[5] After 1933, it was banned by the Nazi regime for its anti-militaristic themes [6] and being "anti-German".[7] Erich Maria Remarque's novel was also banned as well, and was among the "anti-German" books burned in bonfires.[8] At the Capitol Theatre in West Germany in 1952, the film saw its first release in 22 years.
1932–1945 Kuhle Wampe Banned because it depicted the government, legal system, and religion in a negative light. Eventually, the ban was lifted due to protests and the film was released in a severely edited version. Six months later, Hitler came into power, causing the movie to be banned again under the Nazi regime until the end of the war. Its director, Slatan Dudow, was arrested for being a member of the Communist Party and banned from entering the country again.[9]

Nazi Germany (1933–1945)

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Date Title Notes
1933–1945 All movies starring the Marx Brothers. Banned in Nazi Germany because the comedy stars were Jewish.[10]
1933–1945 Battleship Potemkin Banned in Nazi Germany due to fears it could inspire Marxism.[11][12]
1933–1945 Ecstasy Banned in Nazi Germany because of the erotic content.[13]
1933–1945 Mädchen in Uniform Banned in Nazi Germany because of its lesbian theme.[9]
1933–1945 The Mad Doctor Banned in Nazi Germany, because of the horror atmosphere in this Mickey Mouse short.[14]
1933−1945 Mysterium des Geschlechtes Banned in Nazi Germany because of the erotic content.[13]
1933−1945 Vier von der Infanterie (Westfront 1918, also known as Comrades of 1918) Banned in Nazi Germany for being a pacifist war drama.[9]
1934–1945 M - Eine Stadt sucht einen Mörder Banned in Nazi Germany.[15][16]
1934–1945 Nana Banned in Nazi Germany because of its plot, depicting a soldier visiting a prostitute, which violated the military's sensibilities and honor code.[9]
1934–1945 The Prizefighter and the Lady (1933) Banned in Nazi Germany because Max Baer was Jewish.
1934–1945 The Testament of Dr. Mabuse Banned in Nazi Germany for "presenting criminal acts so detailed and fascinating that they might tempt copy-cats". It also had an anti-authoritarian tone and certain dialogue of Mabuse was lifted directly from Mein Kampf.[17][18][19]
1936–1945 The Bohemian Girl Banned in Nazi Germany, because the positive depiction of Roma people "had no place" in the Third Reich.[20]
1936–1956 Modern Times Banned in Nazi Germany for supposedly advocating Communism.[21][22]
1937–1945 La Grande Illusion Banned in Nazi Germany for its anti-war message. Head of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels named its director Jean Renoir "Cinematographic Enemy Number One".[23]
1938–1950 A Prussian Love Story Banned in Nazi Germany because the plot of a love affair between the Emperor and an actress was too similar to Head of Propaganda Goebbels's own affair.[24] Even after the war it took until 1950 before the film saw a release.
1939–1945 Kitty und die Weltkonferenz (Kitty and the World Conference) Banned in Nazi Germany despite an initially successful box office run. Following the outbreak of the Second World War that same year, Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels withdrew it from cinemas as he felt it presented a too favourable view of Great Britain.[25]
1939–1977 Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939) The first anti-Nazi movie made in Hollywood before the start of World War II, Adolf Hitler banned it and all Warner Bros. films from exhibition throughout the remainder of his tenure as German chancellor. He reportedly planned to execute the makers of this film upon winning the war.[26][unreliable source] It was not publicly screened in Germany until 11 March 1977.
1939–1945 Mr. Smith Goes to Washington Banned in Nazi Germany because it showed democracy working well.[27][unreliable source]
1940–1945 The Great Dictator Banned in Nazi Germany for mocking Nazism and Hitler. During World War II, it was once shown to German soldiers in 1942: In German-occupied Yugoslavia, local guerillas sneaked a copy from Greece into an army-cinema in an act of cultural sabotage. After half of the film had been shown, German officers stopped the screening and threatened to shoot the Yugoslavian projectionist. Apparently, the film was ordered by the Reich Chancellery.[28][29] It was first shown in West Germany as late as 1958.
1940–1945 La Kermesse Heroïque (Carnival in Flanders) (1935) Banned in Nazi Germany and Belgium by Joseph Goebbels because of its pacifist themes. The director, Jacques Feyder, was later hunted down for arrest, but managed to escape to Switzerland.[30]
1943–1949 Titanic (1943) Banned in Nazi Germany by Joseph Goebbels because some of the scenes could demoralize the audience, despite being made by the Nazi propaganda department itself. The Allied Control Council banned the film after the war too, because of its Nazi propaganda. After the end of the occupation, the German Motion picture rating system classified it to age 12 or older and to age 6 or older with parental guidance. It was sometimes shown on west German TV after the war and a censored, low quality VHS copy was released in 1992[citation needed].
1944–1945 Große Freiheit Nr. 7 (Great Freedom No. 7) Banned in Nazi Germany. It had its premiere in occupied Prague in December 1944.[31][32]

Allied-occupied Germany (1945–1949)

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Date Title Notes
1945 Auf Wiedersehn, Franziska! (Goodbye, Franziska!) Banned by the Allied Forces after World War Two, because of its ending, which reminded the viewers to support the war effort. It was eventually allowed back after director Helmut Käutner was able to convince officials that the propaganda sequence was no reflection of his political ideology and was added at request of Nazi censors. Since the rest of the film was fairly a-political it was brought back in circulation, with only the propaganda end sequence removed.[32]
1945– Der Ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) Banned since 1945 because of its anti-semitic Nazi propaganda content. It is exclusively allowed for use in college classrooms and other academic purposes; however, exhibitors must have formal education in "media science and the history of the Holocaust." Public use is prohibited as of 2013.[33]
1945– Jud Süss (1940) Banned in 1945 from German exhibition by decree of the Allied Military Occupation.[34] Director Veit Harlan was required by court order to destroy what was then believed to be the only remaining negative of Jud Süß and he reportedly did this in April 1954. A few years later, however, copies of the film began to turn up to the embarrassment of the West German government. After a lengthy investigation, it was determined that another negative existed in East Germany and it was used it to make prints that were dubbed in Arabic and distributed in Middle Eastern countries such as Egypt and Lebanon. Though that negative has never been located, it has been widely suspected that this version was produced and distributed by the Stasi or the KGB in order to arouse anti-semitism among Egyptian and Palestinians against the US backed Israel (and henceforth, support for the Soviet backed Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser).[35][36][37] The copyright of the film is held by the government-owned F.W. Murnau Foundation. The Foundation only permits screenings of the film when accompanied by an introduction explaining the historical context and the intended impact.[38]

East Germany (1949–1990)

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Date Title Notes
1965–1990 Das Kaninchen bin ich (The Rabbit Is Me) Banned by the East-German Communist government for its criticism of everyday life in the country. While not directly referring to politics it still was perceived as dangerous criticism of the system.[39] Due to the film's infamy all banned films in the DDR were referred to as "rabbit films". The film remained banned until Germany was unified again in 1990.[9][40]
1965–1990 Denk bloss nicht, ich heule (Just Don't Think I'll Cry) Banned by the East-German Communist government for its criticism of the regime.[9]
1966–1990 Spur der Steine (Trace of Stones) Banned by the East-German Communist government.[9]
1971–1990 Die Russen kommen (The Russians Are Coming) Banned by the East-German Communist government because of its theme where a young Nazi lives in fear of the approaching Russian army. Even though the Russians are eventually portrayed in a sympathetic light, the plot was too controversial, especially three years after the Prague Spring.[9]

West Germany (1949–1990)

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List of films rejected by the "Interministerial Committee for East-West Film Issues"

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In 1953, the "Interministerieller Ausschuß für Ost-West-Filmfragen" (Interministerial Committee for East-West Film Issues) was founded in West Germany. This committee examined films from the Eastern Bloc countries, especially DEFA productions from East Germany, for anti-constitutional or communist content.

Until the committee was dissolved in 1967 or 1968, around 130 films were banned from release.[41]

Date Title Notes
1954–196? The Adventures of Fridolin (1948) In 1954, approval was granted only for clubs and scientific seminars.[42]
1955–196? Der Untertan (1951) The film was only released for screening in student film clubs in 1955 because of "anticonstitutional" content.[43][44]
1955–196? Dr. Semmelweis (1950) The release was refused in 1955.[45]
1955–196? Ernst Thälmann (1954) The release was refused in 1955.[46]
1955–1967 The Council of the Gods (1950) The release was refused in 1955.
The release was granted in 1967.[47]
1956–196? Besondere Kennzeichen: keine (1956) The release was refused in 1956.[48]
1956–196? Der Teufelskreis (1956) The release was refused in 1956.[49]
1957–1958 Das tapfere Schneiderlein (1956) The release was refused in 1957.
The release was granted in 1958.[50]
1957–196? Corinna Schmidt (1951) The release was refused in 1957.
The release of an edited version was rejected in 1960.[51]
1957–196? Die Unbesiegbaren (1953) The release was refused in 1957.[52]
1957–196? Du und mancher Kamerad (1956) Banned because of "anticonstitutional" content.[43][53]
1957–196? Genesung (1956) The release was refused in 1957.[54]
1957–196? Kein Hüsung (1954) The release was refused in 1957.[55]
1957–196? Zwischenfall in Benderath (1956) The release was refused in 1957.[56]
1957–1965 Thomas Muentzer (1956) The release was refused in 1957 because of "anticonstitutional" content, an edited version was also refused.
The release was granted in 1965.[43][57]
1958–196? Berlin, Schoenhauser Corner (1957) The release was refused in 1958.[58]
1959–1966 Sie nannten ihn Amigo (1959) The release was refused in 1959.
The release was granted in 1966.[59]
1960–196? Sheriff Teddy (1957) The release was refused in 1960.[60]
1966–196? Solange Leben in mir ist (1965) The release was refused in 1966.[61]
1966–1967 Die Sonnenbrucks (1951) The release was refused in 1966.
The release was granted in 1967.[62]
And Quiet Flows the Don (1958) Banned because of "anticonstitutional" content.[43] Part 1 was released in 1959, Parts 2 and 3 were first broadcast in television in 1968.
until 1965 Higher Principle (1960) Banned until 1965 because of "anti-German" content.[63]

List of films banned by the French Forces in Berlin

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Date Title Notes
1958 Paths of Glory The French city commander of Berlin at the time, General Arnaud Gèze, banned the screening of “Paths of Glory” on the grounds that the film discriminated against his own troops. French soldiers rioted at the premiere in the British sector. They threw stink bombs, set off firecrackers and blew trumpets. Four days later, Gèze even sent back an honorary ticket for the opening event of the Berlin Film Festival.[64]

Germany (1990–present)

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An exemplary entry of a movie in the list of confiscated media in the official magazine "BPjMaktuell" (today "BzKJaktuell").

In today's Germany, a film is considered banned if it has been confiscated by a court. The distribution of a confiscated film is prohibited, but private possession and viewing is still legal (with the exception of child and youth pornographic material, where possession is already a criminal offense).[65][66]

The official list of confiscated films was published by the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons (Bundeszentrale für Kinder- und Jugendmedienschutz) in the magazine "BzKJaktuell" until the beginning of 2022.

The list of confiscated films should not be confused with films on the "List of Media Harmful to Young Persons" (colloquially known as the "Index"). Films indexed by the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons are subject to strict restrictions and may only be offered and sold to adults.[67]

List of films confiscated for violating Criminal Code 131 (Depictions of violence)

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Date Title Notes
since 1985 Boogeyman II (1983) The VHS release was put on the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" in October 1984. The Dortmund District Court confiscated the film in September 1985.[68]
since 1986 The Bang Bang Gang (1970) [69]
since 1986 City of the Living Dead (1980) [70]
since 1986 Don't Go in the Woods (1981) [71]
since 1986 Tian zhan (aka: Forced to Fight) (1971) [72]
since 1986 The Grapes of Death (1978) [73]
since 1986 Hospital Massacre (1982) [74]
since 1986 Lei ting chu chuan (aka: Magnum Thunderbolt) (1985) [75]
since 1986 The Living Dead Girl (1982) [76]
since 1986 Lost Souls (1980) [77]
since 1986 Star of David: Beautiful Girl Hunter (1979) [78]
since 1987 Absurd (1981) [79]
since 1987 The Burning (1981) [80]
since 1987 Cannibal Ferox (1981) [81]
since 1987 Cellat (aka: Turkish Death Wish) (1975) [82]
since 1987 The Ghost Galleon (1974) [83]
since 1987 Giallo a Venezia (1979) [84]
since 1987 Hot Spur (1968) [85]
since 1987 Mondo Cannibale (1980) [86]
since 1987 Slave of the Cannibal God (1978) [87]
since 1987 Toxic Zombies (1980) [88]
since 1988 Bare Behind Bars (1980) [89]
since 1988 Devil Hunter (1980) [90]
since 1988 Faccia di spia (1975) [91]
since 1988 Gecenin Sonu (1983) [92]
since 1988 İnsan Avcısı (1975) [93]
since 1988 The New York Ripper (1982) [94]
since 1988 Zindan (1974) [95]
since 1989 Blood Cult (1985) [96]
since 1989 Dev Kani (1984) [97]
since 1989 En Büyük Yumruk (1983) [98]
since 1989 Kin (1974) [99]
since 1989 Mask of Murder (1988) [100]
since 1989 Perawan di sarang sindikat (aka: Virgins from Hell) (1986) [101]
since 1989 The Prowler (1981) [102]
since 1989 The Slumber Party Massacre (1982) [103]
since 1989 Terror at Tenkiller (1987) [104]
since 1989 Vahşi Kan (1983) [105]
since 1990 The American Scream (1988) [106]
since 1990 Day of the Dead (1985) [107]
since 1990 Night Life (1989) [108]
since 1990 Pledge Night (1990) [109]
since 1990 Rabid Grannies (1988) [110]
since 1990 Unmasked Part 25 (1988) [111]
since 1991 Double Exposure (1982) [112]
since 1991 Madhouse (1981) [113]
since 1991 Slaughterhouse Rock (1988) [114]
since 1992 Cobra (aka: Bruce Lei Intikam) (1981) [115]
since 1992 Faces of Death IV (1990) [116]
since 1992 Faces of Death V (1991) [117]
since 1993 The Best of Gesichter des Todes (1992) [118]
since 1993 The Burning Moon (1992) [119]
since 1993 Faces of Death VI (1996) [120]
since 1993 Kartalbey (1984) [121]
since 1993 Melek yüzlü cani (1986) [122]
since 1995 Tetsuo II: Body Hammer (1992) [123]
since 1996 Cyclops (1987) [124]
since 1996 Guinea Pig: Devil's Experiment (1985) [125]
since 1997 Submissive Geishas (unknown) [126]
since 1999 Braindead (1992) The film was shown in German cinemas in an edited version. The uncut release was confiscated in 1999 for violating German Criminal Code Section 131 (depictions of violence).[127] A heavily censored version is available in which around 12 minutes are missing.[128]
since 2000 Cannibal Holocaust (1980) [129]
since 2000 Emanuelle and the Last Cannibals (1977) [130]
since 2000 Faces of Gore (1999) [131]
since 2000 Shogun's Sadism (1976) [132]
since 2002 Blood Sucking Freaks (1976) [133]
since 2002 Splatter University (1984) [134]
since 2002 Redneck Zombies (1987) [135]
since 2002 Zombi 3 (1988) [136]
since 2003 Burial Ground (1981) [137]
since 2004 Blood Feast (1963) [138]
since 2004 Riverplay (2000) [139]
since 2006 Jigoku: Japanese Hell (1999) [140]
since 2007 Ichi the Killer (2001) [141]
since 2007 Das Komabrutale Duell (1999) [142]
since 2007 Mexican Werewolf in Texas (2005) [143]
since 2007 Olaf Ittenbach's Familienradgeber (2006) [144]
since 2008 Storm Warning (2007) [145]
since 2008 Voyeur.com (2000) [146]
since 2009 Inside (2007) [147]
since 2010 Android of Notre Dame (1988) [148]
since 2010 Devil Woman Doctor (1990) [149]
since 2010 Guinea Pig's Greatest Cuts (1991) [150]
since 2010 Sadisticum (2008) [151]
since 2010 Vengeance of the Zombies (1973) [152]
since 2011 Blood Feast 2: All U Can Eat (2002) [153]
since 2011 The Butcher (2007) [154]
since 2011 Harakiri (1990) [155]
since 2012 Fetus (2008) [156]
since 2012 I Spit on Your Grave (2010) [157]
since 2012 Isle of the Damned (2008) [158]
since 2012 The Orphan Killer (2011) [159]
since 2012 Train (2008) [160]
since 2013 Banned! in America (1998) [161]
since 2013 Banned! in America II (1998) [162]
since 2013 Banned! in America III (1999) [163]
since 2013 Banned! in America IV (1999) [164]
since 2013 Banned! in America V (2000) [165]
since 2013 Chiseled (aka: Saw Terror) (2006) [166]
since 2014 Borderland (2007) [167]
since 2014 Facez of Death 2000 (aka: America the Violent) (1996) [168]
since 2014 Facez of Death 2000: Part 3 (aka: The Amazing Shocking Asia) (1998) [169]
since 2014 Facez of Death 2000: Part 4 (2000) [170]
since 2014 Facez of Death 2000: Part 5 (2002) [171]
since 2014 Facez of Death 2000: Part 7 (2002) [172]
since 2014 Hobo with a Shotgun (2011) [173]
since 2014 The Human Centipede 2 (Full Sequence) (2011) [174]
since 2014 I Spit on Your Grave 2 (2013) [175]
since 2014 The Image (1975) [176]
since 2014 The Last House in the Woods (2006) [177]
since 2014 Man Hunting: Resurrection (2012) [178]
since 2018 American Guinea Pig: Bouquet of Guts and Gore (2014) [179]
since 2018 Wrong Turn 5: Bloodlines (2012) [180]
since 2021 Sturmgewehr (aka: Snuff Tape Massacre) (2019) [181]

List of films whose confiscation has been lifted

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Date Title Notes
1983–2019 Maniac (1980) The edited VHS release was put on the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" in March 1983. The Munich District Court confiscated the film in August 1983. Further confiscations followed over the years.
In December 2019, the film was removed from the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" and received an 18+ rating from the FSK.[182]
1984–2016 The Evil Dead (1981) The VHS release was put on the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" in April 1984. The Munich District Court confiscated the film in July 1984. Further confiscations followed over the years.
In October 2016, the film was removed from the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" and received an 16+ rating from the FSK.[183]
1984–2021 Mother's Day (1980) The VHS release was put on the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" in December 1982. The Munich District Court confiscated the film in September 1984. Further confiscations followed over the years.
In March 2021, the film was removed from the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" and received an 18+ rating from the FSK.[184]
1984–2024 Nightmare (1981) The VHS release was put on the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" in April 1984. The Bielefeld District Court confiscated the film in May 1984. Further confiscations followed over the years.[185]
The confiscation was lifted in October 2024.[186]
1985–2011 The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974) The film was not shown in German cinemas before 1978 and even then only in an edited version. The release on VHS was confiscated by a German court in 1985 for violating German Criminal Code Section 131 (depictions of violence). The confiscation was lifted by the Frankfurt district court in 2011 and the film was subsequently re-released with an 18+ rating..[187]
1985–2021 The Last House on the Beach (1978) The VHS release was put on the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" in December 1983. The Frankfurt District Court confiscated the film in July 1985.
In July 2017, the film was removed from the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" and re-released without a rating from the FSK.[188]
1986–2018 Contraband (1980) [189]
1986–2022 Antropophagus (1980) [190]
1986–2022 Zombie Holocaust (1980) [191]
1986–2023 Bloody Moon (1981) The edited VHS release was added to the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" in June 1983. The Pforzheim District Court confiscated the film in April 1986. Further confiscations followed over the years.
In March 2023, the film was removed from the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" and received an 18+ rating from the FSK.[192]
1986–2023 Eaten Alive! (1980) [193]
1986–2024 The Beyond (1981) The confiscation was lifted in October 2024. [194][195]
1987–2020 I Spit on Your Grave (1978) [196]
1987–2022 Tenebrae (1982) [197]
1987–2023 A Bay of Blood (1971) The confiscation was lifted in December 2022, and two months later received an 18+ rating from the FSK. [198] [199]
1987–2023 Beyond the Darkness (1979) [200]
1988–2016 Friday the 13th Part III (1982) The confiscation was lifted in June 2016 and was later subsequently re-rated to 16+ from the FSK. [201] [202]
1988–2017 Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter (1984) The confiscation was lifted in January 2017 and two months later the uncut version received an 18+ rating from the FSK. [203] [204]
1988–2023 Demons (1985) [205]
1989–2024 Night of the Demon (1980) [206]
1990–2016 The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 (1986) [207]
1990–2024 Don't Open till Christmas (1984) [208]
1990–2024 Halloween II (1981) The confiscation was lifted in January 2024 and many days later the uncut version was granted a 16+ rating from the FSK. [209] [210]
1991–2017 Phantasm (1979) [211]
1991–2019 Dawn of the Dead (1978) [212]
1991–2021 Drive-In Massacre (1976) [213]
1991–2022 Cut-Throats Nine (1972) [214]
1991–2023 Demon Wind (1990) [215]
1995–2020 Slaughterhouse (1987) [216]
1996–2020 Night of the Living Dead (1990) [217]
1996–2021 Nightmare City (1980) [218]
1996–2023 Zombi 2 (1979) [219]
1999–2022 Riki-Oh: The Story of Ricky (1991) [220]
2000–2016 Mark of the Devil (1970) [221]
2000–2017 The Last House on the Left (1972) [222]
2000–2021 Cat in the Brain (1990) [223]
2000–2023 Hell of the Living Dead (1980) [224]
2000–2024 Let Sleeping Corpses Lie (1974) The edited VHS release was put on the "List of Media Harmful to Young People" in January 1983. The Wolfhagen District Court confiscated the film in July 2000. Further confiscations followed over the years.
In September 2024, the film was removed from the "List of Media Harmful to Young People".[225][226]
2002–2020 The Dead Next Door (1989) [227]
2008–2021 Hostel: Part II (2007) [228]
2010–2024 The Dentist (1996) The confiscation was lifted in October 2024 and received an 16+ rating from the FSK days later. [229]
The confiscation was lifted in October 2024.[230] [231]
2012–2013 Saw 3D (2010) The film was shown in German cinemas in the uncut version. The uncut DVD release was confiscated in 2012 by the district court of Berlin Tiergarten for violating German Criminal Code Section 131 (depictions of violence).[232] A censored version with a "Keine Jugendfreigabe"-rating (No youth admitted) is available with around one minute missing.[233] The confiscation was lifted in 2013, but the uncut version remains on the list of media harmful to minors and may only be offered to adults.[234]
2013–2013 Battle Royale (2000) [235]
2013–2014 The Horde (2009) [236]
2015–2020 Maniac (2012) [237]

List of films confiscated for violating Criminal Code Section 184a (Dissemination of pornographic content depicting violent acts or sexual acts with animals)

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Date Title Notes
since 2007 Cannibal (2006) [238]

List of films confiscated for violating Criminal Code 184 (Dissemination of pornographic content)

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Date Title Notes
since 1986 A Dirty Western (1975) [239]
since 1990 Debbie Does Dallas (1978) [240]

List of films confiscated for violating Criminal Code 184b (Child pornographic content)

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Date Title Notes
since 2006 Maladolescenza (1977) [241][242]
since 2016 Love Strange Love (1982) [243][244]

List of films reserved by the Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau Foundation (since 1966)

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Special provisions apply to the propaganda films that were classified as banned films by the Allies in 1945. These include films that contain a clearly racist, anti-Semitic, inciting or war-glorifying message. Since 1966, the former banned films have been in the collection of the Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau Foundation. These films, which are now known as reserved films, are not released for general distribution, but are available for viewing at any time - on the Foundation's premises - for educational, scientific and production purposes.[245]

References

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  285. ^ "Murnau Stiftung".
  286. ^ "Murnau Stiftung".
  287. ^ "Murnau Stiftung".
  288. ^ "Murnau Stiftung".
  289. ^ "Murnau Stiftung".
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