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List of amphibians of Alabama

(Redirected from List of frogs and toads of Alabama)

The U.S. state of Alabama has 73 known indigenous amphibian species.[1] These indigenous species include 30 frog and toad species and 43 salamander species.[2][3][4] Two of these native species may have become extirpated within the state. They are the Mississippi gopher frog and flatwoods salamander.[1][5]

Human predation, pollution, and habitat destruction has placed several amphibian species at risk of extirpation or extinction. The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources lists the conservation status of each species within the state with a rank of lowest, low, moderate, high, and highest concern.[1]

Frogs and toads

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Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
  Anaxyrus americanus American toad Bufonidae Lowest
  Anaxyrus fowleri Fowler's toad Bufonidae Lowest
  Anaxyrus quercicus oak toad Bufonidae Moderate
  Anaxyrus terrestris southern toad Bufonidae Lowest
  Incilius nebulifer Gulf Coast toad Bufonidae Unranked
  Acris crepitans northern cricket frog Hylidae Low
  Acris gryllus southern cricket frog Hylidae Lowest
  Dryophytes andersonii pine barrens treefrog Hylidae High
  Dryophytes avivocus bird-voiced treefrog Hylidae Lowest
  Dryophytes chrysoscelis Cope's gray treefrog Hylidae Lowest
  Dryophytes cinereus American green treefrog Hylidae Lowest
  Dryophytes femoralis pine woods treefrog Hylidae Lowest
  Dryophytes gratiosus barking treefrog Hylidae Low
  Dryophytes squirellus squirrel treefrog Hylidae Low
  Pseudacris brachyphona mountain chorus frog Hylidae Lowest
Pseudacris collinsorum Collinses' mountain chorus frog Hylidae Unranked
  Pseudacris crucifer spring peeper Hylidae Lowest
  Pseudacris feriarum upland chorus frog Hylidae Lowest
  Pseudacris nigrita southern chorus frog Hylidae Lowest
  Pseudacris ocularis little grass frog Hylidae High
  Pseudacris ornata ornate chorus frog Hylidae Moderate
  Osteopilus septentrionalis Cuban tree frog Hylidae Exotic invasive throughout Florida, becoming more common in southern Alabama[6]
  Eleutherodactylus planirostris greenhouse frog Eleutherodactylidae Exotic,
Native to Cuba and the Caribbean.
  Gastrophryne carolinensis eastern narrowmouth toad Microhylidae Lowest
  Scaphiopus holbrookii eastern spadefoot Pelobatidae Low
  Lithobates capito gopher frog Ranidae Highest
  Lithonates catesbeiana American bullfrog Ranidae Lowest
  Lithobates clamitans ssp. bronze frog
green frog		 Ranidae Lowest
  Lithobates grylio pig frog Ranidae Lowest
  Lithobates sevosa Mississippi gopher frog Ranidae Possibly extirpated/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as endangered
  Lithobates heckscheri river frog Ranidae Highest
  Lithobates palustris pickerel frog Ranidae Low
  Lithobates sphenocephala southern leopard frog Ranidae Lowest
  Lithobates sylvatica wood frog Ranidae Moderate

Salamanders

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Image Scientific name Common name Family Conservation
concern
Ambystoma bishopi reticulated flatwoods salamander Ambystomatidae Highest
  Ambystoma cingulatum flatwoods salamander Ambystomatidae Possibly extirpated/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as threatened
  Ambystoma maculatum spotted salamander Ambystomatidae Low
  Ambystoma opacum marbled salamander Ambystomatidae Low
  Ambystoma talpoideum mole salamander Ambystomatidae Low
  Ambystoma texanum smallmouth salamander Ambystomatidae Moderate
  Ambystoma tigrinum eastern tiger salamander Ambystomatidae Moderate
  Amphiuma means two-toed amphiuma Amphiumidae Low
  Amphiuma pholeter one-toed amphiuma Amphiumidae High
  Amphiuma tridactylum three-toed amphiuma Amphiumidae Low
  Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis hellbender Cryptobranchidae Highest
  Aneides aeneus green salamander Plethodontidae High
  Desmognathus aeneus seepage salamander Plethodontidae High
  Desmognathus apalachicolae Apalachicola dusky salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Desmognathus auriculatus southern dusky salamander Plethodontidae Highest
  Desmognathus cheaha Talladega seal salamander Plethodontidae Unranked
  Desmognathus conanti spotted dusky salamander Plethodontidae Low
  Desmognathus monticola seal salamander Plethodontidae Low
  Desmognathus ocoee Ocoee salamander Plethodontidae Moderate
Eurycea aquatica brownback salamander Plethodontidae Moderate
  Eurycea chamberlaini Chamberlain's dwarf salamander Plethodontidae Moderate
  Eurycea cirrigera southern two-lined salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Eurycea guttolineata three-lined salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Eurycea hillisi Hillis's dwarf salamander Plethodontidae Unranked
  Eurycea longicauda long-tailed salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Eurycea lucifuga cave salamander
spotted-tail salamander		 Plethodontidae Lowest
  Eurycea quadridigitata dwarf salamander Plethodontidae Moderate
  Eurycea sphagnicola bog dwarf salamander Plethodontidae Unranked
  Gyrinophilus palleucus Tennessee cave salamander Plethodontidae High
  Gyrinophilus porphyriticus ssp. spring salamander Plethodontidae Low
  Hemidactylium scutatum four-toed salamander Plethodontidae Low
  Phaeognathus hubrichti Red Hills salamander Plethodontidae High/
U.S. Fish and Wildlife lists as threatened

Official state amphibian
  Plethodon glutinosus northern slimy salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Plethodon dorsalis northern zigzag salamander Plethodontidae Unranked
  Plethodon grobmani southeastern slimy salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Plethodon mississippi Mississippi slimy salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Plethodon serratus southern redback salamander Plethodontidae Moderate
  Plethodon ventralis southern zigzag salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Plethodon websteri Webster's salamander Plethodontidae Lowest
  Pseudotriton montanus flavissimus Gulf Coast mud salamander Plethodontidae Low
  Pseudotriton ruber ruber northern red salamander Plethodontidae Low
  Pseudotriton ruber vioscai southern red salamander Plethodontidae Moderate
  Necturus alabamensis Alabama waterdog
Black Warrior waterdog		 Proteidae High
  Necturus beyeri Gulf Coast waterdog
speckled waterdog
Beyer's waterdog		 Proteidae Low
  Necturus maculosus common mudpuppy Proteidae Low
  Necturus mounti Escambia waterdog Proteidae Unranked
  Necturus moleri Apalachicola waterdog Proteidae Unranked
Necturus species Loding's waterdog Proteidae Low/
Taxonomy undescribed

Known from lesser Gulf of Mexico drainages from Mobile Bay eastward.
  Notophthalmus viridescens ssp. eastern newt Salamandridae Lowest
  Siren intermedia lesser siren Sirenidae Lowest
  Siren lacertina greater siren Sirenidae Moderate
  Siren nettingi western lesser siren Sirenidae Unranked
  Siren reticulata reticulated siren/leopard eel Sirenidae Undetermined
Species identified in 2018

Known from two locations in the southern pin plains and hills of the state.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Mirarchi, Ralph E. (2004). Alabama Wildlife: Volume One. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. pp. 105–118. ISBN 978-0-81735-1304.
  2. ^ Alden, Peter (1999). National Audubon Society Field Guide to the Southeastern States. New York, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 256–262. ISBN -0-679-44683-4.
  3. ^ "Frogs". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on September 14, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  4. ^ "Salamanders". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on September 28, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  5. ^ "Amphibians in Alabama". Outdoor Alabama. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  6. ^ Anderson, Wesley. "Alabama Invader: The Cuban Treefrog". Alabama Extension. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
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