Wikipedia

List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens, or hallucinogens and entactogens that are currently under formal development for clinical use but are not yet approved.

Chemical/generic names are listed first, with developmental code names, synonyms, and brand names in parentheses. The list also includes non-hallucinogenic drugs related to hallucinogens, such as non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and non-hallucinogenic ketamine analogues. Cannabinoids, or cannabinoid receptor modulators, are not included in this list. Many of the indications are not for continuous medication therapy but rather are for medication-assisted psychotherapy or short-term use only.

This list was last comprehensively updated in October 2024. It is likely to become outdated with time.

Under development

edit

Preregistration

edit
  • Midomafetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – post-traumatic stress disorder, alcoholism, social anxiety in autism – Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), Lykos Therapeutics [1][2]

Phase 3

edit
  • CYB003 (CYB-003; deuterated psilocybin analogue; deuterated psilocin) – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – major depressive disorder, alcoholism, psychiatric disorders – Cybin [3][4][5][6][7]
  • Ketamine (HTX-100; NRX-100) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist – suicidal ideation, mental disorders – NRx Pharmaceuticals [8]
  • Psilocybin (COMP-360; COMP360) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders, anorexia nervosa, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, somatoform disorders, pervasive child development disorders – COMPASS Pathways [9][10]

Phase 2

edit
  • Arketamine ((R)-ketamine; PCN-101) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – depressive disorders – ATAI Life Sciences [11]
  • CYB004 (CYB-004; deuterated dimethyltryptamine; deuterated DMT; dDMT) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – Cybin [12]
  • Dimethyltryptamine (DMT; BMND-01, BMND-02, BMND-03) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders, fibromyalgia, substance-related disorders – Biomind Labs [13]
  • Esketamine (CLE-100) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Clexio Biosciences [14]
  • GM-2505 – serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, psychedelic hallucinogen, and serotonin releasing agent – major depressive disorder – Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals [15]
  • Ketamine (Ereska; IN ketamine; ketamine IN; intranasal ketamine; intranasal racemic ketamine; PMI-100, PMI-150, SLS-002, TUR-002) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, acute pain, cancer pain – Seelos Therapeutics [16]
  • Ketamine (AWKN-001, AWKN-P-001) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – alcoholism, binge-eating disorder, gambling, impulse control disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder – Awakn Life Sciences [17]
  • Ketamine extended-release (R-107, R107) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Douglas Pharmaceuticals [18]
  • Ketamine prolonged-release oral (KET-01) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – depressive disorders, neuropathic pain – Ketabon [19]
  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; lysergide; MM-120) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, cluster headache, major depressive disorder, pain – MindMed [20] [21] [22]
  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; lysergide; MB-22001) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – MindBio Therapeutics [23]
  • Mebufotenin (5-MeO-DMT; BPL-002, BPL-003) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – alcoholism, major depressive disorder – Beckley Psytech [24]
  • Mebufotenin (5-MeO-DMT; BMND-05, BMND-08) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – Alzheimer's disease, pain – Biomind Labs [25]
  • Mebufotenin (5-MeO-DMT; GH001, GH-001) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders – GH Research [26] [27] [28]
  • Methylone (MDMC; TSND-201) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent and entactogen – post-traumatic stress disorders – Transcend Therapeutics [29]
  • Midomafetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – alcoholism – Awakn Life Sciences [30]
  • MSP-1014 (psilocin prodrug) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Mindset Pharma, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical [31][32]
  • OSU-6162 (PNU-9639; PNU-96391; PNU-96391A) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist, dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, and sigma σ1 receptor ligand (so-called "monoaminergic stabilizer") – bipolar depression, chronic fatigue syndrome, depressive disorders, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, Parkinson's disease – Carlsson Research AB, Pfizer [33][34][35][36][37][38][39]
  • Psilocybin (CYB-001; INT0052/2020) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – mental disorders, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders – Cybin [40]
  • Psilocybin (MYCO-001, MYCO-003) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, headache, substance-related disorders – Mydecine [41] [42]
  • Psilocybin (PEX-010) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – adjustment disorders, alcoholism, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders – Filament Health [43]
  • Psilocybin (PFN™; TRP-8802, TRP-8803, TRP-8804, TRYP-0082) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – binge-eating disorder, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, cancer, complex regional pain syndrome, pain – Tryp Therapeutics [44]
  • Psilocybin (SYNP-101; synthetic psilocybin) – alcoholism, obsessive–compulsive disorders, cluster headache, migraine – Ceruvia Lifesciences [45]
  • RE-104 (FT-104; 4-HO-DiPT/iprocin prodrug) – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – postnatal depression – Reunion Neuroscience [46]
  • Xenon (NBTX-001) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – post-traumatic stress disorder, Alzheimer's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, Parkinson's disease, pervasive child development disorders, panic disorder – Nobilis Therapeutics [47]
  • Zolunicant (18-methoxycoronaridine; 18-MC; MM-110) – α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, other actions – leishmaniasis, opioid-related disorders, substance-related disorders – MindMed [48]

Phase 1/2

edit
  • Dimethyltryptamine (DMT; SPL-026) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Small Pharma, Cybin [49]
  • Ibogaine – various actions and hallucinogen – opioid-related disorders – ATAI Life Sciences/DemeRx [50]
  • Psilocybin (PSY-0.1, PSY-0.2, PSY-0.3, PSY-0.4/0.5, PSY-0.6) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – substance-related disorders, neurological disorders, opioid-related disorders, psychiatric disorders, traumatic brain injury, cancer, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, eating disorders, and additional unspecified conditions – Revive Therapeutics [51]
  • Psilocybin infusion (ELE-101, ELE-Psilo, ELE-Psilo+) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Eleusis, Beckley Psytech [52]

Phase 1

edit
  • (R)-Midomafetamine ((R)-MDMA; (R)-methylenedioxymetamfetamine; MM-402) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – pervasive child development disorders – MindMed [53]
  • (R)-Midomafetamine ((R)-MDMA; R-MDMA; EMP-01) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – post-traumatic stress disorder, social phobia – EmpathBio [54][55]
  • Dimethyltryptamine (DMT; VLS-01) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders – ATAI Life Sciences, Viridia Life Sciences [56] [57]
  • Dimethyltryptamine (DMT; EBRX-101) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – smoking withdrawal, alcoholism – Entheon Biomedical [58] [59]
  • DLX-001 (DLX-1; AAZ; AAZ-A-154) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist – CNS disorders, major depressive disorder – Delix Therapeutics [60][61]
  • Esketamine ((S)-ketamine; S-ketamine; AWKN-002) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – alcoholism – Awakn Life Sciences [62]
  • Ketamine oral (Keticap) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – mood disorders – Neurocentrx Pharma [63]
  • Ketanserin – serotonin 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist – hallucinogen antidote – MindMed [64][65]
  • Lys-MDA – methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) prodrug (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen) – unknown – MindMed, MiHKAL [66] [67]
  • Lys-MDMA – midomafetamine (MDMA) prodrug (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen) – unknown – MindMed, MiHKAL [66] [67]
  • Mescaline (BMND-06, BMND-09) – non-selective serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – obesity, Parkinson's disease, inflammation – Biomind Labs [68] [69]
  • Psilocybin (MLS-101) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – psychiatric disorders – MycoMedia Life Sciences [70]

Preclinical

edit
  • 2-Bromo-LSD (bromolysergide; BOL-148; NYPRG-101) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and other actions – cluster headache, migraine – Ceruvia Lifesciences [71][72]
  • 2-Bromo-LSD (bromolysergide; BOL-148; BETR-001, TD-0148A) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and other actions – cluster headache, major depressive disorder, neuropathic pain, post-traumatic stress disorders – Transcend Biodynamics, BetterLife Pharma [73][74][75]
  • 2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Clearmind Medicine [76]
  • 3-Methylmethcathinone (3-MMC; metaphedrone) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent and entactogen – dyskinesias – Clearmind Medicine [77]
  • 5-Methoxy-2-aminoindane (5-MeO-AI; MEAI; CMND-100) – serotonin releasing agent and entactogen – alcoholism, cocaine use disorder, metabolic syndrome, obesity – Clearmind Medicine [78]
  • 5-MeO-MiPT (MSD-001; "moxy") – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – undefined indication – Mindstate Design Labs [79][80][81]
  • AKO-001 – serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist – stroke – Akome Biotech [82]
  • AKO-002 (psilocybin-based formulation) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – Alzheimer's disease – Akome Biotech [83]
  • AKO-003 (ketamine-based psychedelic formulation) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Akome Biotech [84]
  • AKO-004 – serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – Parkinson's disease – Akome Biotech [85]
  • BMB-201 (BMB-A39a prodrug) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor agonist and psychoplastogen – generalized anxiety disorder, pain – Bright Minds Biosciences [86] [87] [88] [89]
  • BMB-202 – selective serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder – Bright Minds Biosciences [90] [91] [92] [87]
  • Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – psychiatric disorders, social phobia – Psilera [93]
  • EB-002 (EB-373; psilocin prodrug) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – anxiety disorders – Enveric Biosciences [94]
  • EGX-A – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist – depressive disorders – ATAI Life Sciences [95] [96] [97]
  • EGX-B – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist – depressive disorders – ATAI Life Sciences [98] [96] [97]
  • ENX-105 – dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist and non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor agonist – mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder – Engrail Therapeutics [99][100][101]
  • GM-3009 (ibogaine analogue) – various actions – opioid-related disorders – Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals [102]
  • Ibogaine – various actions and hallucinogen – CNS disorders, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury – MINDCURE [103]
  • Ibogaine derivatives - Terran Biosciences – various actions and potential hallucinogens – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Terran Biosciences [104]
  • ITI-1549 – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and serotonin 5-HT2B receptor antagonist – psychiatric disorders – Intra-Cellular Therapies [105] [106][107]
  • Ketamine depot (ALA-3000) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – depressive disorders – Alar Pharmaceuticals [108]
  • Ketamine subcutaneous (BB-106) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – acute pain, mental disorders – Bexson Biomedical [109]
  • Ketamine analogue (Ketamir, Ketamir-2) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – depressive disorders – MIRA Pharmaceuticals [110]
  • Long-acting MDMA prodrug (long-acting midomafetamine prodrug) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Terran Biosciences [111]
  • LPH-5 – selective serotonin 5-HT2A receptor partial agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Lophora, Beckley Psytech [112][113][114]
  • LPH-48 (shorter-acting LPH-5 analogue) – undefined mechanism of action and serotonergic hallucinogen – alcoholism – Lophora [115] [116] [117]
  • Lucid-PSYCH (Lucid-201) – undefined mechanism of action and psychedelic hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Lucid Psycheceuticals [118][119][120]
  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; lysergide) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Delix Therapeutics [121]
  • MBDB – serotonin and norepinephrine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptor ligand, and entactogen – autism – PharmAla Biotech [122][123][124][125]
  • Mebufotenin (5-MeO-DMT; LSR-1019) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders, psychiatric disorders – Lusaris Therapeutics [126]
  • Mescaline (JOUR-5700) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – alcoholism – Journey Colab [127]
  • Midomafetamine microneedle transdermal patch (MDMA; "ecstasy") – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders – PharmaTher, Revive Therapeutics [128]
  • MSP-4019 – undefined mechanism of action (5-MeO-DMT- and DMT-inspired drug) – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Mindset Pharma, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical [129] [130]
  • MSP-4020 – undefined mechanism of action (5-MeO-DMT- and DMT-inspired drug) – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Mindset Pharma, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical [131] [130]
  • MYCO-006 – undefined mechanism of action and short-acting MDMA-like entactogen – anxiety disorders – Mydecine [132] [133][134][135]
  • MYCO-007 – undefined mechanism of action and short-acting MDMA-like entactogen – undefined indication – Mydecine [136][134][135]
  • Norbaeocystin – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and other actions – mental disorders – PsyBio Therapeutics [137]
  • PSIL-001 (DMT analogue) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT1 receptor modulator – depressive disorders, mood disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, substance-related disorders – Psilera [138][139]
  • PSIL-002 (DMT analogue) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT1 receptor modulator – depressive disorders, mood disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, substance-related disorders – Psilera [140][139][141]
  • Psilacetin (O-acetylpsilocin; 4-AcO-DMT) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – substance-related disorders – Psilera [142]
  • Psilocin (PLZ-1015) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – pervasive child development disorders – Pilz Bioscience [143]
  • PSYLO-1001 (Psylo-1001; PSYLO-100X) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT6 receptor modulator – mental disorders – Psylo [144]
  • PSYLO-3001 (Psylo-3001) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia – Psylo [145]
  • PSYLO-4001 (Psylo-4001) – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders, major depressive disorder – Psylo [146][147]
  • Research programme: hydroxynorketamine derivatives - Spirify Pharma – amino acid modulators and serine protease modulators – depressive disorders, pain – Spirify Pharma [148]
  • Research programme: Ibogaine analogues - Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals (GM-300X) – various actions – opioid-related disorders – Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals [149]
  • Research programme: mental disorder therapeutics - Cybin (Deuterated DMT series - Cybin) – serotonin receptor modulators and psychedelic hallucinogens – mental disorders – Small Pharma, Cybin [150]
  • Research programme: micro-dose serotonergics - Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals – serotonin receptor agonists – attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder – Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals [151]
  • Research programme: non-hallucinogenic psychedelic therapeutics - Intra-Cellular Therapies (ITI-1500) – undefined mechanism of action – psychiatric disorders – Intra-Cellular Therapies [152]
  • Research programme: psilocin derivatives - Enveric Biosciences – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and potential psychedelic hallucinogens – mental disorders – Enveric Biosciences [153]
  • Research programme: psilocin prodrugs and derivatives - Terran Biosciences – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and psychedelic hallucinogens – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Terran Biosciences [154]
  • Research programme: psychedelic and empathogenic compounds - Terran Biosciences – serotonin receptor modulators – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Terran Biosciences [155]
  • Research programme: psychedelic-based neurological therapeutics - Psilera – undefined mechanism and psychedelic hallucinogens – alcoholism, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, neurodegenerative disorders – Psilera [156]
  • Research programme: psychedelic-based therapeutics - Clearmind Medicine/SciSparc – undefined mechanism of action – metabolic disorders, obesity, psychiatric disorders – Clearmind Medicine, SciSparc [157]
  • Research programme: psychedelic microneedle patch - PharmaTher – undefined mechanism of action – neurological disorders, neuromuscular disorders, pain, psychiatric disorders – PharmaTher [158]
  • Research programme: psychoplastogen therapeutics - Collaborations Pharmaceuticals – undefined mechanism of action – opioid-related disorders – Collaborations Pharmaceuticals [159]
  • Research programme: serotonin 2A receptor agonists - Bright Minds Biosciences – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists – major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder – Bright Minds Biosciences [160]
  • Research programme: serotonin 2A/C receptor agonists - Bright Minds Biosciences – serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptor agonists – pain – Bright Minds Biosciences [161]
  • Research programme: small tryptamine derivatives - Marvel Biosciences (non-hallucinogenic neuroplasticity program - Marvel Biosciences) – adenosine A2A receptor antagonists – depressive disorders – Marvel Biosciences [162]
  • Research programme: SPL 029 series - Cybin (Oral DMT series - Cybin; SPL029) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – mental disorders – Small Pharma, Cybin [163]
  • Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists - Cybin – serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists (phenethylamines) – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Cybin [164]
  • Tabernanthalog (TBG; DLX-007; DLX-7) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist – CNS disorders – Delix Therapeutics [165][166][167]
  • Triptax – undefined mechanism of action – depressive disorders – Biomind Labs [168]

Research

edit
  • Baeocystin (PLZ-1019) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and other actions – pervasive developmental disorders in children – Pilz Bioscience [169][170]
  • CYB005 (CYB-005; deuterated phenethylamine derivative) – undefined mechanism of action ("non-hallucinogenic doses") – psychiatric disorders – Cybin [171] [172] [173]
  • Ibogaine – various actions – anorexia nervosa, neurological disorders, substance-related disorders – Biomind Labs [174]
  • LSR-3000 – undefined mechanism of action (tryptamine serotonergic neuroplastogen) – neurological disorders – Lusaris Therapeutics [175]
  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; lysergide; LSD-CUREfilm) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – mental disorders – CURE Pharmaceutical [176]
  • Mebufotenin (5-MeO-DMT; LSR-2000) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – alcoholism, major depressive disorder – Lusaris Therapeutics [177]
  • Mescaline (BMND-04) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – eating disorders, neurological disorders – Biomind Labs [178]
  • Midomafetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy"; MDMA-CUREfilm) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – mental disorders – CURE Pharmaceutical [179]
  • MYCO-002 – undefined mechanism of action and MDMA-like entactogen – mental disorders – Mydecine [180] [181] [182]
  • MYCO-004 (patch-delivered tryptamine compound) – undefined mechanism of action and psychedelic hallucinogen – smoking withdrawal, substance-related disorders – Mydecine [183] [184][182]
  • MYCO-005 (psilocin analogue) – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – anxiety disorders, depressive disorders – Mydecine [185][186]
  • N-Methyltryptamine (NMT; monomethyltryptamine) – undefined mechanism of action and psychedelic hallucinogen – unspecified – Core One Labs [187]
  • Noribogaine derived therapeutic – various actions – opioid-related disorders – Mindmed, Nextage Therapeutics [188]
  • Norpsilocin (PLZ-1017) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and other actions – pervasive developmental disorders in children – Pilz Bioscience [189][170]
  • Psilocybin – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – cancer – Dominari Holdings [190]
  • PSYLO-5001 (Psylo-5001) – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – mental disorders – Psylo [191]
  • Research programme: 3,4-Methylenedioxymetamfetamine derivatives - Enveric Biosciences – serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine releasing agents and entactogens – mental disorders, neurological disorders, psychotic disorders – MagicMed Industries, Enveric Biosciences [192]
  • Research programme: Ibogaine derivatives - MindMed/Nextage Therapeutics – various actions and potential hallucinogens – opioid-related disorders – Mindmed, Nextage Therapeutics [193]
  • Research programme: lysergic acid diethylamide derivatives - Enveric Biosciences – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists – mental disorders, neurological disorders, psychotic disorders – MagicMed Industries, Enveric Biosciences [194]
  • Research programme: mescaline derivatives - Enveric Biosciences – serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists – mental disorders, neurological disorders – MagicMed Industries, Enveric Biosciences [195]
  • Research programme: non-hallucinogenic psychedelic therapeutics - Sintalica Bioscience/University of Messina – undefined mechanism of action and non-hallucinogenic tryptamine serotonergic agents – Sintalica Bioscience, University of Messina [196]
  • Research programme: psychiatric disorder therapies (neuroplastogens) - AbbVie/Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals – undefined mechanism of action – psychiatric disorders – AbbVie, Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals [197]
  • Research programme: non-hallucinogenic psychiatric therapies - Daiichi Sankyo/Psylo – undefined mechanism of action – mental disorders – Daiichi Sankyo, Psylo [198]
  • Research programme: non-tryptamine psychedelic small molecules - Otsuka America Pharmaceutical – serotonin receptor modulators – neurological disorders, psychiatric disorders – Mindset Pharma, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical [199]
  • Research programme: psychedelic and empathogenic therapeutics - COMPASS Pathways – undefined mechanism of action – mental disorders – COMPASS Pathways, MiHKAL [200]
  • Research programme: psychedelic and empathogenic compounds subcutaneous - Bexson Biomedical – undefined mechanism of action – depressive disorders, mental disorders, pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders – Bexson Biomedical [201]
  • Research programme: psychedelic therapeutics - COMPASS Discovery Center – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor modulators – mental disorders – COMPASS Discovery Center, COMPASS Pathways [202]
  • Research programme: tryptamine analog therapeutics - Diamond Therapeutics – serotonin receptor modulators – Diamond Therapeutics [203]

Phase unknown

edit
  • Ketamine intravenous/oral (Braxia) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – depressive disorders – Braxia Scientific [204]
  • Psilocybin (REL-P11) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders, psychiatric disorders – Arbormentis, Relmada Therapeutics [205]

Not under development

edit

Development suspended

edit
  • Esketamine ((S)-ketamine; AM-101; esketamine otic gel; Keyzilen) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – tinnitus – Altamira Therapeutics [206]

No development reported

edit
  • Arketamine ((R)-ketamine; HR-071603; (R)-ketamine nasal spray) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – depressive disorders – Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine [207]
  • Esketamine ((S)-ketamine; esketamine DPI; Falkieri; PG061) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – bipolar depression, depressive disorders – Celon Pharma [208]
  • Esketamine ((S)-ketamine; IPX-237, IPX237-C0001, IPX237-C0002, IPX237-L0001) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – unspecified – IMPAX Laboratories, Amneal Laboratories [209]
  • Hydroxynorketamine ((2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine; 6-HNK; SPL-801-B) – unknown mechanism of action (non-hallucinogenic ketamine derivative and metabolite) – depressive disorders – Small Pharma, Cybin [210]
  • Ketamine (ELE-Ket+) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Beckley Psytech [211]
  • Ketamine intranasal – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – cluster headaches – CCH Pharmaceuticals [212]
  • Ketamine sublingual (ketamine wafer; SLS-003; Wafermine) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – acute pain, dental pain, pain, depressive disorders – iX Biopharma [213]
  • Ketamine transdermal patch (SHX-001) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Shenox Pharmaceuticals [214]
  • Midomafetamine (MDMA; "ecstasy") – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – mood disorders, substance-related disorders – MindMed [215]
  • Psilocybin (biosynthetic psilocybin; PB-1818) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – depressive disorders – PsyBio Therapeutics [216]
  • Psilocybin (low-dose psilocybin; BPL-PSILO) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – headache – Beckley Psytech [217]
  • Research programme: ketamine derivatives - Shenox Pharmaceuticals (SHX-004; SHX-004/005/006/007/011; SHX-005; SHX-006; SHX-007; SHX-011) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonists and dissociative hallucinogens – major depressive disorder, neuropathic pain – Shenox Pharmaceuticals [218]
  • Research programme: serotonin psychedelics - Mydecine Innovations Group – serotonin modulators and psychedelic hallucinogens – mental disorders – Mydecine [219]
  • Research programme: tryptamine based therapeutics - PsyBio Therapeutics – serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists – anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders – PsyBio Therapeutics [220]
  • XW-10508 (oral esketamine conjugate prodrug) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder, pain – XWPharma [221]

Development discontinued

edit
  • Ketamine (Ketals) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anaesthesia, drug-induced dyskinesia, Rett syndrome – PharmaTher [222]
  • Ketamine intranasal – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – autistic disorder – Roivant Sciences [223]
  • Research programme: ketamine deuterated - Teva Pharmaceutical Industries – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – pain – Teva Pharmaceutical Industries [224]
  • Salvinorin A (INT0054/2020; RLS-01) – κ-opioid receptor agonist – depressive disorders, unspecified – Revixia Life Sciences IntelGenx Corp [225]

20th century (1940s–1980s)

edit
  • (R)-Ariadne (BL-3912A; Dimoxamine) – non-hallucinogenic serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist – depression – Bristol-Myers Company [226][227][228][229]
  • Dimethoxybromoamphetamine (DOB; brolamfetamine) – serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – unknown – unknown [230][231]
  • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; LSD-25; lysergide; Delysid) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – various uses – Sandoz [232]
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA; tenamfetamine) – serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent, weak serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist, entactogen, and weak psychedelic hallucinogen – unknown – unknown [230]
  • Psilocybin (Indocybin) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen – various uses – Sandoz [233]

Formal development never or not yet started

edit
  • Nitrous oxide (N2O; "laughing gas") – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – being studied for depression but doesn't seem to be being formally developed towards approval[234][235][236][237]

Clinically used drugs

edit

Approved drugs

edit
  • Bupropion/dextromethorphan (DXM/BUP; Auvelity) – sigma σ1 receptor agonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator, ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions, CYP2D6 inhibitor, and dissociative hallucinogen combination – major depressive disorder – Axsome Therapeutics [238]
  • Esketamine ((S)-ketamine; Spravato) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder – Johnson & Johnson [239]

Off-label drugs

edit
  • Ketamine – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen – major depressive disorder, other depressive disorders, and other conditions [240]

Discontinued drugs

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ "Methylenedioxymetamfetamine - MAPS Europe B.V. - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  2. ^ "A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Blinded, Dose Finding Phase 2 Pilot Safety Study of MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Social Anxiety in Autistic Adults (MAA-1) – Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies – MAPS". maps.org.
  3. ^ "CYB 003 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  4. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on CYB-003 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  5. ^ Palfreyman M, Krakowsky J, Morgan M, Canal C, Pathare P, Avery K, Reichelt A, Hartsel J, Nivorozhkin A, Inamder A, Varty G (December 2022). "ACNP 61st Annual Meeting: Poster Abstracts P271-P540: P361. In Vitro and In Vivo Profile of CYB003: A Novel, Deuterated Psilocybin Analog for the Potential Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder" (PDF). Neuropsychopharmacology. 47 (Suppl 1): 220–370 (271). doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01485-0. PMC 9714399. PMID 36456694.
  6. ^ Inamdar A, Morgan M, Krakowsky J, Reichelt A, Canal C, Mueller T, Avery K, Pathare P, Hartsel J, Nivorozhkin A, Varty G, Palfreyman M (December 2022). "ACNP 61st Annual Meeting: Poster Abstracts P271-P540: P362. Pharmacokinetic Profile of CYB003: A Novel, Deuterated Psilocybin Analog for the Potential Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder" (PDF). Neuropsychopharmacology. 47 (Suppl 1): 220–370 (271–272). doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01485-0. PMC 9714399. PMID 36456694.
  7. ^ "Development Pipeline". Cybin.
  8. ^ "Ketamine - NRx Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  9. ^ "Psilocybin - COMPASS Pathways - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  10. ^ Najib J (August 2024). "The role of psilocybin in depressive disorders". Curr Med Res Opin: 1–16. doi:10.1080/03007995.2024.2396536. PMID 39177339.
  11. ^ "Arketamine - ATAI Life Sciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  12. ^ "CYB 004 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  13. ^ "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine - Biomind Labs - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  14. ^ "Esketamine - Clexio Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  15. ^ "GM 2505 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  16. ^ "Ketamine intranasal - Seelos Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  17. ^ "Ketamine - Awakn Life Sciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  18. ^ "Ketamine extended release - Douglas Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  19. ^ "Ketamine prolonged release oral - Ketabon - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  20. ^ "Lysergic acid diethylamide - MindMed/The University Hospital of Basel - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  21. ^ "MindMed Launches Project Lucy Focused on LSD Experiential Therapy For Anxiety Disorders". MindMed. June 4, 2020.
  22. ^ "MindMed Advances Phase 2 LSD Microdosing Trial For Adult ADHD, Appoints Principal Investigator". MindMed. May 11, 2020.
  23. ^ "Lysergic acid diethylamide - MindBio Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  24. ^ "Mebufotenin - Beckley Psytech - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  25. ^ "5-methoxy-N,N- dimethyltryptamine - Biomind Labs - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  26. ^ "GH-001 Drug Profile". Ozmosi. 9 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  27. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on 5-MeO-DMT with Synapse". Synapse. 9 November 2024. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  28. ^ "A Trial of GH001 in Patients With Treatment-resistant Depression". ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  29. ^ "Methylone - Transcend Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  30. ^ "Midomafetamine - Awakn Life Sciences".
  31. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on MSP-1014 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  32. ^ "Mindset Pharma Receives Approval for Phase II Clinical Trial Evaluating MSP-1014 for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder". BioSpace. 22 June 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  33. ^ "OSU 6162 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  34. ^ Canal CE, Morgan D (2012). "Head-twitch response in rodents induced by the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine: a comprehensive history, a re-evaluation of mechanisms, and its utility as a model". Drug Test Anal. 4 (7–8): 556–576. doi:10.1002/dta.1333. PMC 3722587. PMID 22517680. Regardless, a more parsimonious explanation is that certain 5-HT2 receptor-activating compounds, such as DOI and psilocin, cause specific conformations of 5-HT2 receptors that lead to LSD-like psychedelic effects.[94,232] Moreover, although the 5-HT2 agonists mCPP, lorcaserin, and quipazine, are often considered 'non-hallucinogenic', they actually do produce perceptual, cognitive, and emotional changes that may be considered 'hallucinogenic'.[15,233,234] These effects, however, are generally not considered LSD-like. Finally, it is noteworthy that novel, partial 5-HT2A/D2 receptor agonists also attenuate the DOI-elicited HTR.[235,236]
  35. ^ Mirchandani-Duque M, Choucri M, Hernández-Mondragón JC, Crespo-Ramírez M, Pérez-Olives C, Ferraro L, Franco R, Pérez de la Mora M, Fuxe K, Borroto-Escuela DO (April 2024). "Membrane Heteroreceptor Complexes as Second-Order Protein Modulators: A Novel Integrative Mechanism through Allosteric Receptor-Receptor Interactions". Membranes. 14 (5): 96. doi:10.3390/membranes14050096. PMC 11122807. PMID 38786931. This concept is also supported by experiments on OSU-6162, a selective Sigma 1R ligand in low doses [176]. This Sigma1R ligand produced in the nucleus accumbens shell substantial increases in the density of the D2R–Sigma1R and A2AR–D2R heterocomplexes, supporting the existence of A2AR–D2R–Sigma1R trimeric complexes in which the Sigma1R agonist can strongly enhance the antagonistic allosteric A2AR–D2R interaction. This mechanism may mediate the enhanced antagonistic A2AR–D2R interaction, causing marked inhibition of cocaine reward, leading to cocaine addiction.
  36. ^ Carlsson ML, Burstein ES, Kloberg A, Hansson S, Schedwin A, Nilsson M, Rung JP, Carlsson A (November 2011). "I. In vivo evidence for partial agonist effects of (-)-OSU6162 and (+)-OSU6162 on 5-HT2A serotonin receptors". J Neural Transm (Vienna). 118 (11): 1511–1522. doi:10.1007/s00702-011-0704-8. PMID 21874578.
  37. ^ Burstein ES, Carlsson ML, Owens M, Ma JN, Schiffer HH, Carlsson A, Hacksell U (November 2011). "II. In vitro evidence that (-)-OSU6162 and (+)-OSU6162 produce their behavioral effects through 5-HT2A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors". J Neural Transm (Vienna). 118 (11): 1523–1533. doi:10.1007/s00702-011-0701-y. PMID 21866391.
  38. ^ Sahlholm K, Århem P, Fuxe K, Marcellino D (January 2013). "The dopamine stabilizers ACR16 and (-)-OSU6162 display nanomolar affinities at the σ-1 receptor". Mol Psychiatry. 18 (1): 12–14. doi:10.1038/mp.2012.3. PMID 22349783.
  39. ^ Borroto-Escuela DO, Romero-Fernandez W, Wydra K, Zhou Z, Suder A, Filip M, Fuxe K (February 2020). "OSU-6162, a Sigma1R Ligand in Low Doses, Can Further Increase the Effects of Cocaine Self-Administration on Accumbal D2R Heteroreceptor Complexes". Neurotox Res. 37 (2): 433–444. doi:10.1007/s12640-019-00134-7. PMC 6989596. PMID 31782100.
  40. ^ "Psilocybin - Cybin - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  41. ^ "Psilocybin - Mydecine Innovations Group - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  42. ^ Ponieman, Natan. "Mydecine Unveils Four Psychedelic Drug Candidates - Mydecine Innovations Gr (OTC:MYCOF)". Benzinga.
  43. ^ "Psilocybin - Filament Health - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  44. ^ "Psilocybin - Tryp Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  45. ^ "SYNP 101 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  46. ^ "RE 104 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  47. ^ "NBTX 001 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  48. ^ "Zolunicant - Mindmed - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  49. ^ "SPL 026 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  50. ^ "Ibogaine - ATAI Life Sciences/DemeRx - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  51. ^ "Psilocybin - Revive Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  52. ^ "Psilocybin infusion - Beckley Psytech - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  53. ^ "R(-)-Methylenedioxymetamfetamine - Mindmed - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  54. ^ "EMP 01 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  55. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on EMP-01 with Synapse". Synapse. 1 November 2024. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  56. ^ "N,N-Dimethyltryptamine - Viridia Life Sciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  57. ^ https://phrma.org/-/media/Project/PhRMA/PhRMA-Org/PhRMA-Refresh/Report-PDFs/M-O/2023-MID_Mental-Illness_Drug-List_010323.pdf#page=15
  58. ^ "N N dimethyltryptamine - Entheon Biomedical - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  59. ^ Corp, Entheon Biomedical. "Entheon Biomedical Announces Ethics Approval for In Vivo DMT Study". Newsfile.
  60. ^ "DLX 1 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  61. ^ "Delix Therapeutics completes dose study for DLX-001". PharmaTimes. 21 June 2023. Retrieved 23 October 2024.
  62. ^ "S-ketamine - Awakn Life Sciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  63. ^ "Oral Ketamine - Neurocentrx Pharma - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  64. ^ "MindMed's LSD Neutralizer Study Begins". MindMed. February 17, 2021.
  65. ^ Becker AM, Klaiber A, Holze F, Istampoulouoglou I, Duthaler U, Varghese N, Eckert A, Liechti ME (February 2023). "Ketanserin Reverses the Acute Response to LSD in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Participants". Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 26 (2): 97–106. doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyac075. PMC 9926053. PMID 36342343.
  66. ^ a b Mind Medicine (MindMed) (20 September 2022). "MindMed Collaborators Dose First Patient in Phase 1 Investigator-Initiated Trial of MDMA-Like Substances". PR Newswire. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  67. ^ a b "Effects of MDMA-like Substances in Healthy Subjects (MDMA-like)". ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  68. ^ "BMND 06 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  69. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on Mescaline with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  70. ^ "Psilocybin - MycoMedia Life Sciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  71. ^ "A Phase 1 clinical trial of NYPRG-101 in healthy adult participants - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  72. ^ "Ceruvia Lifesciences Announces First Participant Dosed in BOL-148 Phase 1 Clinical Trial". BioSpace. 17 January 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  73. ^ "BETR 001 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  74. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on Bromolysergide with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  75. ^ Lewis V, Bonniwell EM, Lanham JK, Ghaffari A, Sheshbaradaran H, Cao AB, Calkins MM, Bautista-Carro MA, Arsenault E, Telfer A, Taghavi-Abkuh FF, Malcolm NJ, El Sayegh F, Abizaid A, Schmid Y, Morton K, Halberstadt AL, Aguilar-Valles A, McCorvy JD (March 2023). "A non-hallucinogenic LSD analog with therapeutic potential for mood disorders". Cell Rep. 42 (3): 112203. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112203. PMC 10112881. PMID 36884348.
  76. ^ "2-Fluorodeschloroketamine - Clearmind Medicine - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  77. ^ "3-Methylmethcathinone - Clearmind Medicine - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  78. ^ "5-Methoxy 2-aminoindane - Clearmind Medicine - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  79. ^ Bayer, Max (13 March 2024). "After crunching 70k 'trip reports', Mindstate looks to test first AI-derived psychedelic on humans". Fierce Biotech. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  80. ^ Microdose NewsDesk (10 September 2024). "Mindstate Design Labs AI-Designed Trial Gets FDA Approval". Microdose. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  81. ^ Meissen, Andrew (20 September 2024). "Mindstate Uses AI to Design "Next-Gen" Psychedelics Combined With 5-MeO-MiPT". Lucid News - Psychedelics, Consciousness Technology, and the Future of Wellness. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  82. ^ "AKO 001 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  83. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on AKO-002 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  84. ^ "AKO 003 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  85. ^ "AKO 004 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  86. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on BMB-201 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  87. ^ a b https://brightmindsbio.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/BMB_investor_deck_September.pdf
  88. ^ "Bright Minds Biosciences proprietary compound, BMB-201, 5-HT2C/2A mixed agonist, demonstrated similar efficacy to morphine in preclinical pain models". BioSpace. October 17, 2024.
  89. ^ "Bright Minds Biosciences Inc. Announces Positive Data from the Preclinical Testing of BMB-201 - MarketScreener". www.marketscreener.com. October 16, 2024.
  90. ^ "BMB 202 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  91. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on BMB-202 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  92. ^ Biosciences, Bright Minds (April 19, 2023). "Bright Minds Biosciences Receives a Favorable Written Opinion from the International Searching Authority for BMB-202". GlobeNewswire News Room.
  93. ^ "N N dimethyltryptamine - Psilera - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  94. ^ "EB 002 - Enveric Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  95. ^ "EGX A - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  96. ^ a b "Data from our novel EGX series shows translational antidepressant-like effects, similar to those seen with psilocybin". www.linkedin.com.
  97. ^ a b https://ir.atai.life/static-files/d589b5ff-b604-4321-925e-3f01fb7f7911
  98. ^ "EGX B - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  99. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on ENX-105 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  100. ^ Bayer M (19 March 2024). "Engrail closes $157M series B, fueled by investors' renewed interest in neuropsychiatry". Fierce Biotech.
  101. ^ "Corporate Summary" (PDF). Engrail Therapeutics, Inc. 2024.
  102. ^ "GM 3009 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  103. ^ "Ibogaine - Mindcure - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  104. ^ "Ibogaine derivatives- Terran Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  105. ^ "ITI 1549 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  106. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on ITI-1549 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  107. ^ Davis R, Dutheil SS, Zhang L, Lehmann E, Awadallah N, Yao W, Snyder G, Li P (December 2023). "ACNP 62nd Annual Meeting: Poster Abstracts P251 - P500: P358. Discovery and Characterization of ITI-1549, a Novel Non-Hallucinogenic Psychedelic for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders". Neuropsychopharmacology. 48 (Suppl 1): 211–354 (272–273). doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01756-4. PMC 10729596. PMID 38040810.
  108. ^ "Ketamine depot - Alar Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  109. ^ "Ketamine subcutaneous - Bexson Biomedical - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  110. ^ "Ketamine analogue - MIRA Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  111. ^ "Long-acting MDMA prodrug - Terran Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  112. ^ "LPH 5 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  113. ^ M Ro Rsted E, Jensen AA, Smits G, Frydenvang K, Kristensen JL (May 2024). "Discovery and Structure-Activity Relationships of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylpiperidines as Selective Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Agonists". J Med Chem. 67 (9): 7224–7244. doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00082. PMC 11089506. PMID 38648420.
  114. ^ Jensen AA, Cecchi CR, Hibicke M, Bach AH, Kaadt E, Märcher-Rørsted E, Nichols CD, Elfving B, Kristensen JL (22 April 2024). "The selective 5-HT 2A receptor agonist LPH-5 induces persistent and robust antidepressant-like effects in rodents". bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2024.04.19.590212.
  115. ^ "LPH 48 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  116. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on LPH-48 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  117. ^ "FAQ – Lophora". www.lophora.com. November 22, 2023.
  118. ^ "Lucid PSYCH - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  119. ^ "Mental Health Disorders". lucidpsycheceuticals. Archived from the original on 2022-05-31.
  120. ^ "Lucid-PSYCH". fsdpharma. Archived from the original on 2023-06-05.
  121. ^ "Lysergic acid diethylamide - Delix Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  122. ^ Kaur H, Karabulut S, Gauld JW, Fagot SA, Holloway KN, Shaw HE, Fantegrossi WE (2023). "Balancing Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of MDMA and Novel MDXX Analogues as Novel Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder". Psychedelic Medicine. 1 (3). doi:10.1089/psymed.2023.0023. Author Disclosure Statement: H.K. is Vice President of Research at PharmAla Biotech and is listed as an inventor on patents related to the research in this review article. H.E.S. receives salary supported from a contract between PharmAla Biotech and UAMS. W.E.F. receives research funds and salary support from a contract between PharmAla Biotech and UAMS. The other authors have no conflicts to disclose.
  123. ^ PharmAla Biotech (23 February 2023). "Patent Application Published for PharmAla Biotech's MDMA Analogs". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  124. ^ PharmAla Biotech (26 March 2024). "PharmAla Biotech Signs Sale Agreement with Numinus". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
  125. ^ Clark MR, Shaw HE, Fantegrossi WE (March 2024). Poster 21: In vivo characterization of MBDB and its enantiomers in C57BL/6 and autism-like BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J mice (PDF). 16th Annual Behavior, Biology, and Chemistry: Translational Research in Substance Use Disorders, San Antonio, Texas, Embassy Landmark, 22-24 March 2024.
  126. ^ "5 methoxy N, N dimethyltryptamine - Lusaris Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  127. ^ "Mescaline HCl - Journey Colab - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  128. ^ "3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine microneedle patch - PharmaTher/Revive Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  129. ^ "MSP 4019 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  130. ^ a b "Mindset Pharma Expands Pipeline: Identifies Additional Next Generation 5-MeO-DMT-Inspired Lead CandidatesPreclinical data demonstrated efficacy and an improved safety profile of MSP-4019 and MSP-4020 in head-to-head comparisons against 5-MeO-DMT". BioSpace. September 29, 2021.
  131. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on MSP-4020 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  132. ^ "Research programme: short acting methylenedioxymethamphetamine analogs - Mydecine Innovations Group - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  133. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on MYCO-006 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  134. ^ a b "2309151616480990.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 23 October 2024. MYCO - 006 and 007 represent families of molecules that are based on MDMA molecules. MYCO -006 and MYCO – 007 have been developed in order to reduce the overall acute experience time of Generation 1 MDMA by increasing the metabolism properties of the drug.
  135. ^ a b Mydecine Innovations Group (19 July 2022). "Mydecine Files Full Patent Application Covering MYCO-006 Family of Novel Short-Acting MDMA Analogs". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 23 October 2024. Mydecine [...] announced it has successfully synthesized multiple short-acting MDMA analogs. This family of analogs have been specifically designed by experts at Mydecine to have a shorter half life than traditional MDMA. The Company has named this family of novel molecules MYCO-006 and have applied for patent coverage with the World Intellectual Property Organization.
  136. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on MYCO-007 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  137. ^ "Norbaeocystin - PsyBio Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  138. ^ "PSIL 001 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  139. ^ a b "Psilera's New Compounds Show Potential for Significant Treatment Improvement in Depression and Neurodegenerative Disorders". Psychedelic Alpha. August 10, 2022.
  140. ^ "PSIL 002 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  141. ^ https://www.bioflorida.com/news/589208/Psilera-Confirms-PSIL-002-A-New-DMT-Derivative-is-Well-Tolerated-and-Non-Hallucinogenic-from-In-Vi.htm
  142. ^ "Psilacetin - Psilera - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  143. ^ "Psilocin - Pilz Bioscience - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  144. ^ "PSYLO 1001 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  145. ^ "PSYLO 3001 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  146. ^ "Psylo 4001 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  147. ^ "PSYLO - Next generation neuroscience for transformative treatments". PSYLO. October 28, 2024.
  148. ^ "Research programme: hydroxynorketamine derivatives - Spirify Pharma - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  149. ^ "Research programme: Ibogaine analogues - Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  150. ^ "Research programme: mental disorder therapeutics - Cybin - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  151. ^ "Research programme: micro-dose serotonergics - Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  152. ^ "Research programme: non-hallucinogenic psychedelic therapeutics - Intra-Cellular Therapies - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  153. ^ "Research programme: psilocin derivatives - Enveric Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  154. ^ "Research programme: psilocin prodrugs and derivatives - Terran Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  155. ^ "Research programme: psychedelic and empathogenic compounds - Terran Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  156. ^ "Research programme: psychedelic-based neurological therapeutics - Psilera - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  157. ^ "Research programme: psychedelic-based therapeutics - Clearmind Medicine/SciSparc - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  158. ^ "Research programme: psychedelic microneedle patch - PharmaTher - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  159. ^ "Research programme: psychoplastogen therapeutics - Collaborations Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  160. ^ "Research programme: serotonin 2A receptor agonists - Bright Minds Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  161. ^ "Research programme: serotonin 2A/C receptor agonists - Bright Minds Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  162. ^ "Research programme: small tryptamine derivatives - Marvel Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  163. ^ "Research programme: SPL 029 series - Cybin - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  164. ^ "Serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists - Cybin - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  165. ^ "DLX 7". AdisInsight. 20 February 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  166. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on DLX-7 with Synapse". Synapse. 7 November 2024. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
  167. ^ Cameron LP, Tombari RJ, Lu J, Pell AJ, Hurley ZQ, Ehinger Y, Vargas MV, McCarroll MN, Taylor JC, Myers-Turnbull D, Liu T, Yaghoobi B, Laskowski LJ, Anderson EI, Zhang G, Viswanathan J, Brown BM, Tjia M, Dunlap LE, Rabow ZT, Fiehn O, Wulff H, McCorvy JD, Lein PJ, Kokel D, Ron D, Peters J, Zuo Y, Olson DE (January 2021). "A non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogue with therapeutic potential". Nature. 589 (7842): 474–479. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3008-z. PMC 7874389. PMID 33299186.
  168. ^ "Triptax - Biomind Labs - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  169. ^ "Baeocystin - Pilz Bioscience - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  170. ^ a b Rakoczy RJ, Runge GN, Sen AK, Sandoval O, Wells HG, Nguyen Q, Roberts BR, Sciortino JH, Gibbons WJ, Friedberg LM, Jones JA, McMurray MS (October 2024). "Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin-containing mushrooms". Br J Pharmacol. 181 (19): 3627–3641. doi:10.1111/bph.16466. PMID 38825326.
  171. ^ "CYB 005 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  172. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on CYB-005 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  173. ^ "| BioWorld". www.bioworld.com.
  174. ^ "Ibogaine - Biomind Labs - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  175. ^ "LSR 3000 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  176. ^ "Lysergide - CURE Pharmaceutical - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  177. ^ "LSR 2000 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  178. ^ "Mescaline - Biomind Labs - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  179. ^ "Midomafetamine - CURE Pharmaceutical - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  180. ^ "MYCO 002 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  181. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on MYCO-002 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  182. ^ a b Mydecine Innovations Group (7 April 2021). "Mydecine Announces Four Lead Novel Drug Candidates and Prepares for Pre-IND Meetings with the FDA and Health Canada To Prepare For Human Clinical". GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved 23 October 2024. MYCO - 002 is an entactogenic compound that has been created with the goal of reducing harm and improving the safety profile vs. traditional MDMA.
  183. ^ "MYCO 004 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  184. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on MYCO-004 with Synapse". synapse.patsnap.com.
  185. ^ "Research programme: second generation psilocin analogs - Mydecine Innovations Group - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  186. ^ "Delving into the Latest Updates on MYCO-005 with Synapse". Synapse. 1 November 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  187. ^ "N-Methyltryptamine - Core One Labs - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  188. ^ "Noribogaine derived therapeutic - MindMed/Nextage Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  189. ^ "Norpsilocin - Pilz Bioscience - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  190. ^ "Psilocybin - Dominari Holdings - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  191. ^ "PSYLO 5001 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  192. ^ "Research programme: 3,4-Methylenedioxymetamfetamine derivatives - Enveric Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  193. ^ "Research programme: Ibogaine derivatives - MindMed/Nextage Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  194. ^ "Research programme: lysergic acid diethylamide derivatives - Enveric Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  195. ^ "Research programme: mescaline derivatives - Enveric Biosciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  196. ^ "Research programme: non-hallucinogenic psychedelic therapeutics - Sintalica Bioscience/University of Messina - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  197. ^ "Reseasrch programme: psychiatric disorder therapies - AbbVie/Gilgamesh Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  198. ^ "Research programme: non-hallucinogenic psychiatric therapies - Daiichi Sankyo/Psylo - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  199. ^ "Research programme: non-tryptamine psychedelic small molecules - Otsuka America Pharmaceutical - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  200. ^ "Research programme: psychedelic and empathogenic therapeutics - COMPASS Pathways - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  201. ^ "Research programme: psychedelic and empathogenic compounds subcutaneous - Bexson Biomedical - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  202. ^ "Research programme: psychedelic therapeutics - COMPASS Discovery Center - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  203. ^ "Research programme: tryptamine analog therapeutics - Diamond Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  204. ^ "Ketamine - Braxia Scientific - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  205. ^ "Psilocybin - Arbormentis/Relmada Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  206. ^ "Esketamine - Altamira Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  207. ^ "Arketamine - Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  208. ^ "Esketamine - Celon Pharma - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  209. ^ "Esketamine - Amneal Laboratories - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  210. ^ "SPL 801 B - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  211. ^ "Ketamine - Beckley Psytech - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  212. ^ "Ketamine hydrochloride intranasal - CCH Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  213. ^ "Ketamine sublingual - iX Biopharma - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  214. ^ "Ketamine transdermal patch - Shenox Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  215. ^ "Methylenedioxymetamfetamine - Mindmed - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  216. ^ "Psilocybin - PsyBio Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  217. ^ "Psilocybin - Beckley Psytech - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  218. ^ "Research programme: ketamine derivatives - Shenox Pharmaceuticals - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  219. ^ "Research programme: serotonin psychedelics - Mydecine Innovations Group - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  220. ^ "Research programme: tryptamine based therapeutics - PsyBio Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  221. ^ "XW 10508 - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  222. ^ "Ketamine - PharmaTher - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  223. ^ "Ketamine intranasal - Roivant Sciences - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  224. ^ "Research programme: ketamine deuterated - Teva Pharmaceutical Industries - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  225. ^ "Salvinorin A - ATAI Life Sciences/IntelGenx - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  226. ^ Cunningham MJ, Bock HA, Serrano IC, Bechand B, Vidyadhara DJ, Bonniwell EM, Lankri D, Duggan P, Nazarova AL, Cao AB, Calkins MM, Khirsariya P, Hwu C, Katritch V, Chandra SS, McCorvy JD, Sames D (January 2023). "Pharmacological Mechanism of the Non-hallucinogenic 5-HT2A Agonist Ariadne and Analogs". ACS Chem Neurosci. 14 (1): 119–135. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00597. PMC 10147382. PMID 36521179.
  227. ^ Atiq MA, Baker MR, Voort JL, Vargas MV, Choi DS (May 2024). "Disentangling the acute subjective effects of classic psychedelics from their enduring therapeutic properties". Psychopharmacology (Berl). doi:10.1007/s00213-024-06599-5. PMID 38743110.
  228. ^ Shulgin AT, Shulgin A (1991). PiHKAL: a chemical love story (1st ed.). Berkeley, CA: Transform Press. ISBN 9780963009609. OCLC 25627628.
  229. ^ "2-Amino-1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-butanes". Google Patents. 11 May 1977. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
  230. ^ a b "INN Recommended List 26". World Health Organization (WHO). 9 June 1986. Retrieved 3 November 2024.
  231. ^ World Health Organization (2024). "Use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances, 2024" (PDF). World Health Organization. pp. 152–153. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  232. ^ Nichols DE (October 2018). "Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)". ACS Chem Neurosci. 9 (10): 2331–2343. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00043. PMID 29461039.
  233. ^ Geiger HA, Wurst MG, Daniels RN (October 2018). "DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Psilocybin". ACS Chem Neurosci. 9 (10): 2438–2447. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00186. PMID 29956917.
  234. ^ Sakurai H, Yonezawa K, Tani H, Mimura M, Bauer M, Uchida H (July 2022). "Novel Antidepressants in the Pipeline (Phase II and III): A Systematic Review of the US Clinical Trials Registry". Pharmacopsychiatry. 55 (4): 193–202. doi:10.1055/a-1714-9097. PMC 9259184. PMID 35045580.
  235. ^ Brenna CT, Goldstein BI, Zarate CA, Orser BA (August 2024). "Repurposing General Anesthetic Drugs to Treat Depression: A New Frontier for Anesthesiologists in Neuropsychiatric Care". Anesthesiology. 141 (2): 222–237. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000005037. PMID 38856663.
  236. ^ Jiang Y, Dong Y, Hu H (July 2024). "The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypothesis of ketamine's antidepressant action: evidence and controversies". Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 379 (1906): 20230225. doi:10.1098/rstb.2023.0225. PMC 11343275. PMID 38853549.
  237. ^ Namiot ED, Smirnovová D, Sokolov AV, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Schiöth HB (July 2024). "Depression clinical trials worldwide: a systematic analysis of the ICTRP and comparison with ClinicalTrials.gov". Transl Psychiatry. 14 (1): 315. doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03031-6. PMC 11291508. PMID 39085220.
  238. ^ "Bupropion/dextromethorphan - Axsome Therapeutics - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  239. ^ "Esketamine - Johnson & Johnson - AdisInsight". adisinsight.springer.com.
  240. ^ Feeney A, Papakostas GI (June 2023). "Pharmacotherapy: Ketamine and Esketamine". Psychiatr Clin North Am. 46 (2): 277–290. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.003. PMID 37149345.
  241. ^ Maciulaitis R, Kontrimaviciute V, Bressolle FM, Briedis V (March 2008). "Ibogaine, an anti-addictive drug: pharmacology and time to go further in development. A narrative review". Hum Exp Toxicol. 27 (3): 181–194. doi:10.1177/0960327107087802. PMID 18650249.
  242. ^ Mash DC (April 2023). "IUPHAR - invited review - Ibogaine - A legacy within the current renaissance of psychedelic therapy". Pharmacol Res. 190: 106620. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106620. PMID 36907284.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_investigational_hallucinogens_and_entactogens&oldid=1258088128"