A lava tube, or pyroduct,[1] is a natural conduit formed by flowing lava from a volcanic vent that moves beneath the hardened surface of a lava flow. If lava in the tube empties, it will leave a cave.
Africa
editDemocratic Republic of the Congo
edit- Unnamed cave along the Kakomeru climbing route of Mt. Nyamulagira[2]
Ethiopia
edit- 70 m lava tube cave has been recorded southeast of Addis Ababa and a smaller example on K'one Volcano[2]
Kenya
edit- Chyulu Hills – contains nearly 100 tubes[2]
- Elmenteita Badlands north of Mt. Eburru – several small caves[2]
- Leviathan Cave – At 12.5 kilometres, it is the longest lava tube in Africa.[3]
- Emuruangogolak Volcano caves[2]
- North Chyulu hills area – 20 caves are known[2]
- Lake Tillam, near Korosi Volcano – several known lava tubes[2]
- Mount Suswa – around 40 known caves totaling around 11 km[2]
- Menengai Caldera – single vent-like cave[2]
- Nyambeni Mountains near Maua – 2 known caves[2]
Rwanda
edit- Musanze System – total 5.1 km[2]
Tanzania
edit- Mount Kilimanjaro Mawenzi lava tube system (at least 5)[4]
Uganda
edit- Garama Cave – Kigesi District, is 342 m long[2]
Asia
editChina
edit- Wudalianchi National Park and Global Geopark[5]
- Jingpo Hu National Park and Global Geopark[5]
- Leiqiong Global Geopark – More than 30 tubes[5]
- Seventy Two Cave Lava Tunnel[5]
Japan
editSaudi Arabia
edit- Harrat Khaybar lava field – Umm Jirsan lava tube – 1.5 km long (Pint 2009)
South Korea
edit- Geomunoreum Lava Tube System
- Gimnyeonggul
- Manjanggul – more than 8 kilometers long, located in Jeju Island, is a popular tourism spot.[6][7]
Europe
editIceland
edit- Búri (cave)
- Raufarhólshellir
- Surtshellir – For a long time, this was the longest known lava tube in the world.[8]
- Víðgelmir
Italy
editPortugal
editSpain
editNorth America
editCanada
editUnited States
edit- Ape Cave – Washington (state)
- Bandera Volcano Ice Cave – New Mexico
- Cheese Cave – Washington (state)
- Indian Tunnel lava tube (and more than 250 other examples) in Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho[9]
- Derrick Cave – Oregon
- El Malpais National Monument, in western New Mexico[10]
- Hālona Blowhole
- Kaumana Cave – Hawaii
- Kazumura Cave, Hawaii – Not only the world's most extensive lava tube, but at 65.5 kilometres (40.7 mi), it has the greatest linear extent of any cave known.[11]
- Kuna Caves – Idaho
- Lava Beds National Monument – California
- Newberry National Volcanic Monument – Oregon
- Arnold Lava Tube System
- Boyd Cave – Oregon
- Horse Lava Tube System
- Lava River Cave[12]
- Lava Top Butte basalt[13]
- Skeleton Cave
- Lava River Cave – Arizona
- Mammoth Cave – Utah
- Niter Ice Cave – Idaho
- Pluto's Cave – California
- Skylight Cave – Oregon
- Snow Canyon State Park - Utah[14]
- Subway Cave Lava Tubes – Lassen National Forest, California[15]
- Wilson Butte Cave – Idaho
Oceania
editAustralia
editGalapagos
edit- Bellavista lava tunnel[16]
New Zealand
edit- Auckland volcanic field Includes more than 50 lava tubes
Samoa
editExtra Terrestrial
editReferences
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lava tubes.
- ^ "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park – Lava Tubes". National Park Service. 28 April 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Jim W. Simons "Volcanic Caves of East Africa – An Overview " Int. J. Spelenl.. 27 B (1/4), (1998): 11–20
- ^ Forti; Galli; Rossi (July 2004). "Minerogenesis of Volcanic Caves of Kenya". International Journal of Speleology. 32: 3–18. doi:10.5038/1827-806X.32.1.1. Archived from the original on 2017-04-09. Retrieved 7 Apr 2017.
- ^ Clive Ward "Lava Caves of Kilimanjaro. Mawenzi Lava Tubes" Int. J. Speleol., 27 I3 (1/4), (1998): 53.56.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Chris Wood & Haiyan Zhang "Volcanic Centres and Lava Caves in China" Proceedings 14th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology, 2010 pp. 123–129
- ^ Barclay, Jennifer (2012-04-27). "10 Reasons Travelers Can't Keep Away from Jeju Island". CNN Travel. Archived from the original on 2015-12-24. Retrieved 2015-12-23.
- ^ "Manjanggul Lava Tube [National Geopark] (만장굴 (제주도 국가지질공원)) : VISITKOREA". Manjanggul Lava Tube [National Geopark] (만장굴 (제주도 국가지질공원)). Retrieved 2023-12-11.
- ^ "Surtshellir-Stefánshellir System". Caves of Iceland. Showcaves. Archived from the original on 2012-04-24. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
- ^ "Caves of Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho". National Park Service. 2018-02-08. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
- ^ Polyak, Victor J.; Provencio, Paula P. (2020). "The 'hornito-style' lava stalagmites and lava column in Lava Column Cave, El Malpais National Monument" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Special Publication. 14: 37–40. Retrieved 2020-10-24.
- ^
Gulden, Bob (2011-06-21), World's Longest Lava Tubes, archived from the original on May 15, 2006, retrieved 2011-06-26
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Newberry National Volcanic Monument
- ^ Donnelly-Nolan, J. M.; Stovall, W. K.; Ramsey, D. W.; Ewert, J. W.; Jensen, R. A. (2011). Hendley II, J. W. (ed.). Newberry Volcano – Central Oregon's Sleeping Giant: USGS Fact Sheet 2011–3145 (PDF). United States Geological Survey.
- ^ Snow Canyon State Park. Utah.gov state park website.
- ^ Subway Cave, United States Department of Agriculture. Accessed 20 June 2021.
- ^ "Lava Tubes of Bellavista on Santa Cruz, the Galápagos". 27 June 2016.