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List of mammals of Virginia

This is a list of mammals in Virginia, including both current and recently historical inhabitants. Virginia has 77 species of native land mammals (including extirpated species), and the coast is visited by nearly 30 marine mammal species. 11 species or subspecies of native Virginian mammals are listed as endangered or threatened by the state Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Species which are presumed extirpated are crossed out.

The Virginia big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus) is the state mammal of Virginia

Didelphimorpha (opossums)

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Name Species Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List State (NatureServe)
Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana Didelphidae   Secure (S5)

Rodentia (rodents)

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Name Species / subspecies Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List Federal (ESA) State (Virginia DWR) State (NatureServe)
American beaver Castor canadensis Castoridae   Secure (S5)
Southern red-backed vole Clethrionomys gapperi Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus Cricetidae   State endangered Critically imperiled (S1)
Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Woodland vole Microtus pinetorum Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Allegheny woodrat Neotoma magister Cricetidae   Vulnerable (S3)
Golden mouse Ochrotomys nuttalli Cricetidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Marsh rice rat Oryzomys palustris Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Cotton mouse Peromyscus gossypinus Cricetidae   Vulnerable (S3)
White-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Eastern deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Eastern harvest mouse Reithrodontomys humulis Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Hispid cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Southern bog lemming Synaptomys cooperi Cricetidae   Secure (S5)
Nutria Myocastor coypus Echimyidae   SNA - introduced
North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum Erethizontidae   Critically imperiled (S1)
House mouse Mus musculus Muridae   SNA - introduced
Brown rat Rattus norvegicus Muridae   SNA - introduced
Black rat Rattus rattus Muridae   SNA - introduced
Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus Sciuridae Endangered State endangered Critically imperiled (S1)
Virginia northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Sciuridae Critically imperiled (S1)
Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans Sciuridae   Secure (S5)
Woodchuck Marmota monax Sciuridae   Secure (S5)
Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis Sciuridae   Secure (S5)
Eastern fox squirrel Sciurus niger Sciuridae   Apparently secure (S4)
Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus Sciuridae   Secure (S5)
American red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Sciuridae   Secure (S5)
Woodland jumping mouse Napaeozapus insignis Zapodidae   Secure (S5)
Meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius Zapodidae   Secure (S5)

Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

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Name Species Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List State (Virginia DWR) State (NatureServe)
Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus Leporidae   State endangered Presumed extirpated (SX)
Black-tailed jackrabbit Lepus californicus Leporidae   SNA - introduced
Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus Leporidae   Secure (S5)
Appalachian cottontail Sylvilagus obscurus Leporidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Marsh rabbit Sylvilagus palustris Leporidae   Vulnerable (S3)

Eulipotyphla (shrews and moles)

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Name Species Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List State (Virginia DWR) State (NatureServe)
Northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda Soricidae   Secure (S5)
Southern short-tailed shrew Blarina carolinensis Soricidae   Secure (S5)
North American least shrew Cryptotis parva Soricidae   Secure (S5)
Cinereus shrew Sorex cinereus Soricidae   Secure (S5)
Long-tailed shrew Sorex dispar Soricidae   Vulnerable (S3)
Smoky shrew Sorex fumeus Soricidae   Secure (S5)
American pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi Soricidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Southeastern shrew Sorex longirostris Soricidae   Secure (S5)
American water shrew Sorex palustris Soricidae   State endangered No status rank (NSR)
Star-nosed mole Condylura cristata Talpidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Hairy-tailed mole Parascalops breweri Talpidae   Secure (S5)
Eastern mole Scalopus aquaticus Talpidae   Secure (S5)

Chiroptera (bats)

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Name Species / subspecies Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List Federal (ESA) State (Virginia DWR) State (NatureServe)
Rafinesque's big-eared bat Corynorhinus rafinesquii Vespertilionidae   State endangered Imperiled (S2)
Virginia big-eared bat Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus Vespertilionidae Endangered State endangered Critically imperiled (S1)
Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus Vespertilionidae   Secure (S5)
Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Vespertilionidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis Vespertilionidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus Vespertilionidae   Vulnerable (S3)
Northern yellow bat Lasiurus intermedius Vespertilionidae  
Seminole bat Lasiurus seminolus Vespertilionidae  
Southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius Vespertilionidae   Imperiled (S2)
Gray bat Myotis grisescens Vespertilionidae   Endangered State endangered Critically imperiled (S1)
Eastern small-footed myotis Myotis leibii Vespertilionidae   Imperiled (S2)
Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus Vespertilionidae   State endangered Imperiled (S2)
Northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis Vespertilionidae   Endangered State threatened Imperiled (S2)
Indiana bat Myotis sodalis Vespertilionidae   Endangered State endangered Critically imperiled (S1)
Evening bat Nycticeius humeralis Vespertilionidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Tricolored bat Perimyotis subflavus Vespertilionidae   State endangered Imperiled (S2)
Mexican free-tailed bat Tadarida brasiliensis Vespertilionidae  

Carnivora (carnivorans)

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Name Species Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List Federal (ESA) State (NatureServe)
Coyote Canis latrans Canidae   Secure (S5)
Gray wolf Canis lupus Canidae   Endangered Presumed extirpated (SX)
Red wolf Canis rufus Canidae   Endangered Presumed extirpated (SX)
Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus Canidae   Secure (S5)
Red fox Vulpes vulpes Canidae   Secure (S5)
Bobcat Lynx rufus Felidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Cougar Puma concolor Felidae   Presumed extirpated (SX)
Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis Mephitidae   Secure (S5)
Eastern spotted skunk Spilogale putorius Mephitidae   Vulnerable (S3)
North American river otter Lontra canadensis Mustelidae   Apparently secure (S4)
Least weasel Mustela nivalis Mustelidae   Vulnerable (S3)
Long-tailed weasel Neogale frenata Mustelidae   Secure (S5)
American mink Neogale vison Mustelidae   Secure (S5)
Fisher Pekania pennanti Mustelidae   Endangered Critically imperiled (S1)
Harbor seal Phoca vitulina Phocidae  
Common raccoon Procyon lotor Procyonidae   Secure (S5)
American black bear Ursus americanus Ursidae   Apparently secure (S4)

Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

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Name Species Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List State (NatureServe)
American bison Bison bison Bovidae   Presumed extirpated (SX)
Elk Cervus canadensis Cervidae   Reintroduced[1]
Sika deer Cervus nippon Cervidae   SNA - introduced
White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Cervidae   Secure (S5)
Wild boar Sus scrofa Suidae   SNA - introduced

Cetacea (whales)

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Name Species Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List Federal (ESA) State (NatureServe)
North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis Balaenidae   Endangered
Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata Balaenopteridae  
Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis Balaenopteridae   Endangered
Bryde's whale Balaenoptera brydei Balaenopteridae  
Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus Balaenopteridae   Endangered
Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus Balaenopteridae   Endangered
Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae Balaenopteridae   Critically imperiled (S1)
Common dolphin Delphinus delphis Delphinidae  
Short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus Delphinidae  
Long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas Delphinidae  
Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus Delphinidae  
Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus Delphinidae  
Orca Orcinus orca Delphinidae  
False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens Delphinidae  
Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba Delphinidae  
Atlantic spotted dolphin Stenella frontalis Delphinidae  
Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris Delphinidae  
Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis Delphinidae  
Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus Delphinidae  
Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps Kogiidae  
Dwarf sperm whale Kogia simus Kogiidae  
Harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena Phocoenidae  
Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus Physeteridae   Endangered
Dense-beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostrus Ziphiidae  
Antillean beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeus Ziphiidae  
True's beaked whale Mesoplodon mirus Ziphiidae  
Goose-beaked whale Ziphias cavirostris Ziphiidae  

Sirenia (manatees)

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Name Species Family Conservation status
IUCN Red List Federal (ESA)
West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus Trichechidae   Threatened

References

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  1. ^ Technically listed as "Presumed extirpated (GX)", but has since been reintroduced. See https://dwr.virginia.gov/wildlife/elk/
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