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List of molecules by year of discovery

Amedeo Avogadro created the word "molecule".[1] His 1811 paper "Essay on Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies", he essentially states, i.e. according to Partington's A Short History of Chemistry, that:[2]

The smallest particles of gases are not necessarily simple atoms, but are made up of a certain number of these atoms united by attraction to form a single molecule.

Millions of molecules have existed in the universe before the formation of Earth, elements have being mixed and formed molecules for millions of years, three of them, carbon dioxide, water and oxygen were necessary for the growth of life, even thought, we were able to see these substances we did not know what was their components.

The following is a table with a list of molecules organized by year of discovery of the components of these molecules.

19th century

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1800s

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Year of discovery Name of the molecule Discoverer Chemical formula
1803 Dinitrogen trioxide John Dalton N2O3

1810s

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Year of discovery Name of the molecule Discoverer Chemical formula
1810 Chlorine Humphry Davy Cl2

1820s

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1830s

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Year of discovery Name of the molecule Discoverer Chemical formula
1832 Chloral hydrate Justus von Liebig C2H3Cl3O2

1840s

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1850s

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The sense developed among chemists that a number of substances were chemically related to benzene, comprising a diverse chemical family. In 1855, August Wilhelm von Hofmann used the word "aromatic" to designate this family relationship, after a characteristic property of many of its members.

August Kekulé was the principal formulator of the theory of chemical structure (1857–58). This theory proceeds from the idea of atomic valence, especially the tetravalence of carbon (which Kekulé announced late in 1857). His idea of assigning certain atoms to certain positions within the molecule, and schematically connecting them using what he called their "Verwandtschaftseinheiten" ("affinity units", now called "valences" or "bonds"),

1860s

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Year of discovery Name of the molecule Discoverer Chemical formula
1865 Benzene August Kekulé C6H6[3][4]

1870s

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1880s

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In 1887 Joseph John Thomson discovered the existence of electrons.

Year of discovery Name of the molecule Discoverer Chemical formula
1886 Fluorine Henri Moissan F2

1890s

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20th century

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1900s

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In 1903 Olinto De Pretto forumlated derived the energy–mass-equivalence E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} E=mc^{2}. This discovery was applied to Lambert's cosine law and Beer–Lambert laws to create Spectrophotometry technique that allowed to identify molecules and structures.

1960s

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Year of discovery Name of the molecule Discoverer Chemical formula
1966 Salbutamol David Jack C13H21NO33

21st century

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2000s

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Year of discovery Name of the molecule Discoverer Chemical formula
2000 Umeclidinium bromide C29H34BrNO2

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Ley, Willy (June 1966). "The Re-Designed Solar System". For Your Information. Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 94–106.
  2. ^ Avogadro, Amedeo (1811). "Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies". Journal de Physique. 73: 58–76.
  3. ^ Kekulé, F. A. (1865). "Sur la constitution des substances aromatiques". Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de Paris. 3: 98–110. On p. 100, Kekulé suggests that the carbon atoms of benzene could form a "chaîne fermée" (a closed chain, a loop).
  4. ^ Kekulé, F. A. (1866). "Untersuchungen über aromatische Verbindungen (Investigations of aromatic compounds)". Liebigs Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 137 (2): 129–36. doi:10.1002/jlac.18661370202.
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