List of multi-level marketing companies

This is a list of companies which use multi-level marketing (also known as network marketing,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] direct selling,^[3]^[6] referral marketing,^[7] and pyramid selling)^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12] for most of their sales.

Active

5Linx
ACN Inc.
AdvoCare
Ambit Energy
American Income Life Insurance Company
Amsoil
Amway^[13]
Amway Global, previously known as Quixtar
Ann Summers^[14]
Arbonne International
Avon Products
Barefoot Books^[15]
Beachbody^[16]
BioPerformance
The Body Shop
Cutco
Discovery Toys^[13]
doTerra^[17]
Educo Seminar
Forever Living Products
FreeLife
Fuel Freedom International
Herbalife
Isagenix International
Juice Plus
LegalShield, previously known as Pre-Paid Legal Services
LifeVantage (Protandim)
LimeLife
Longrich
LuLaRoe
Lyoness
Mannatech
Market America
Mary Kay^[13]
Medifast
Melaleuca^[18]
Monat
Morinda, Inc.^[19]
National Safety Associates
Nature's Sunshine Products
Neal's Yard Remedies Organic
Nu Skin Enterprises^[13]^[20]
Omnilife
Oriflame
Pampered Chef^[13]
PM-International
Primerica^[13]
Pure Romance
Qnet, previously known as QuestNet, GoldQuest, and QI Limited
Rodan + Fields
Scentsy
Seacret
SeneGence
Shaklee^[13]
Southwestern Advantage
Stream Energy
Success University
Sunrider^[13]
Swarovski Touchstone Crystal
Tastefully Simple
Telecom Plus and its main subsidiary Utility Warehouse^[21]
Tupperware
USANA Health Sciences
Usborne Publishing
Vector Marketing
Vemma^[22]
ViSalus
Wakaya Perfection
Watkins Incorporated^[13]
World Financial Group
XanGo^[20]
Young Living
Younique
YTB International

Defunct

Beautycounter (dissolved in 2024)
Betterware (placed into administration in 2018) ^[23]
Black Oxygen Organics (shut down in November 2021)^[24]
BurnLounge (shut down as pyramid scheme by FTC in 2012)
Equinox International (dissolved in 2001)
European Grouping of Marketing Professionals/CEDIPAC SA (dissolved in 1995)
European Home Retail (dissolved in 2007)
Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing (dissolved in 2013)
FundAmerica (bankrupt in 1990)^[25]
Holiday Magic (dissolved in 1974)
House of Lloyd (a.k.a. "Christmas Around the World") (filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2002)
Kleeneze (went into administration in 2018)
The Longaberger Company (dissolved in 2018)^[26]
Metabolife (dissolved in 2005)
MonaVie (went into foreclosure 2015)
Nouveau Riche (real estate investment college) (dissolved in 2010)
NXIVM^[27]^[28]
Seasilver (ceased trading in 2006)
Solavei (dissolved in 2015)^[29]
Royal Tongan Limu (dissolved in 2003)
Sunshine Empire (dissolved in 2009)
Telexfree (bankrupt in 2014)
United Sciences of America (dissolved in 1987)
WakeUpNow (dissolved in 2015)

References

^ Pratt, Michael G.; Rosa, José Antonio (2003). "Transforming work-family conflict into commitment in network marketing organizations". The Academy of Management Journal. 46 (4): 395–418. JSTOR 30040635.
^ Vander Nat, Peter J.; Keep, William W. (2002). "Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 21 (1): 139–15. doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.139.17603. S2CID 154490614.
^ ^a ^b Merrilees, Bill; Miller, Dale (1999). "Direct Selling in the West and East: The Relative Roles of Product and Relationship (Guanxi) Drivers". Journal of Business Research. 45 (3): 267–273. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00238-5.
^ Cahn, Peter S. (2006). "Building down and Dreaming up: Finding Faith in a Mexican Multilevel Marketer". American Ethnologist. 33 (1): 126–142. doi:10.1525/ae.2006.33.1.126.
^ Marcason, Wendy (2006). "What Are the Facts and Myths about Mangosteen?". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 106 (6): 986. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.008. PMID 16720137.
^ Valentine, Debra A. (May 13, 1998). "Pyramid Schemes". FTC. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
^ "multi-level marketing (a.k.a. network marketing & referral marketing) – The Skeptic's Dictionary". Skepdic.com. 1991-12-09. Retrieved 2010-02-04.
^ Edwards, Paul (1997). Franchising & licensing: two powerful ways to grow your business in any economy. Tarcher. p. 356. ISBN 0-87477-898-0.
^ Clegg, Brian (2000). The invisible customer: strategies for successive customer service down the wire. Kogan Page. p. 112. ISBN 0-7494-3144-X.
^ Higgs, Philip; Smith, Jane (2007). Rethinking Our World. Juta Academic. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7021-7255-7.
^ Kitching, Trevor (2001). Purchasing scams and how to avoid them. Gower Publishing Company. p. 4. ISBN 0-566-08281-0.
^ Mendelsohn, Martin (2004). The guide to franchising. Cengage Learning Business Press. p. 36. ISBN 1-84480-162-4.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Roha, Ronaleen R. (November 1991). The Ups and Downs of "Downlines". p. 66. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)
^ Tatum, Megan (28 November 2019). "Easy money and exploitation: should grocery brands explore multi-level marketing?". The Grocer. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
^ Lacey, Hester (30 January 2014). "Success Story: 8 Hints From The Publisher Who Said No To Amazon". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
^ Rovell, Darren (31 January 2011). "Beach Body Grows Exponentially Thanks to Network Marketing". CNBC. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
^ Harvey, Tom (October 23, 2014). "Judge dismisses much of lawsuit between rival Utah 'oils' companies". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Berman, Phyllis (October 11, 2004). "If You Believe". Forbes.
^ "DSN Global 100: The Top Direct Selling Companies in the World". Direct Selling News. June 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-15.
^ ^a ^b Ressner, Jeffrey (2006-10-01). "Industries: State of Reliefs". Time. Archived from the original on November 1, 2007.
^ Jones, Rupert (7 December 2019). "Utility Warehouse: is its 'life-changing' scheme really ab fab?". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
^ Celarier, Michelle (29 September 2013). "Verve energy drink turning college students into sales force". New York Post. Retrieved 2015-03-28.
^ Dalling, Robert (2018-04-30). "Spoon rest and egg separator catalogue company Betterware has folded". walesonline. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
^ "'Magic dirt': How the internet fueled, and defeated, the pandemic's weirdest company". NBC News. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
^ Crouch, Gregory (18 August 1990). "FundAmerica Files for Bankruptcy, Cites 2 Overseas Creditors". Los Angeles Times.
^ Penke, Patty. "The Iconic Longaberger Company Shuts Down: Will Those Collectible Baskets Be Worthless Now?". Retrieved 8 October 2019.
^ "Women say they were branded and traumatized by secret group's doctors". CBSNews.com. CBS. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
^ Odato, James. "Lawyer attacks NXIVM 'scheme'". TimesUnion.com. The Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 13 November 2017.
^ Soper, Taylor. "Multi-level marketing mobile service provider Solavei shuts down due to 'competitive landscape'". GeekWire. Retrieved 31 December 2015.

[1] Pratt, Michael G.; Rosa, José Antonio (2003). "Transforming work-family conflict into commitment in network marketing organizations". The Academy of Management Journal. 46 (4): 395–418. JSTOR 30040635.

[2] Vander Nat, Peter J.; Keep, William W. (2002). "Marketing Fraud: An Approach for Differentiating Multilevel Marketing from Pyramid Schemes". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 21 (1): 139–15. doi:10.1509/jppm.21.1.139.17603. S2CID 154490614.

[merrilees-3] Merrilees, Bill; Miller, Dale (1999). "Direct Selling in the West and East: The Relative Roles of Product and Relationship (Guanxi) Drivers". Journal of Business Research. 45 (3): 267–273. doi:10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00238-5.

[4] Cahn, Peter S. (2006). "Building down and Dreaming up: Finding Faith in a Mexican Multilevel Marketer". American Ethnologist. 33 (1): 126–142. doi:10.1525/ae.2006.33.1.126.

[5] Marcason, Wendy (2006). "What Are the Facts and Myths about Mangosteen?". Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 106 (6): 986. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.04.008. PMID 16720137.

[FTCstatement-6] Valentine, Debra A. (May 13, 1998). "Pyramid Schemes". FTC. Retrieved July 30, 2015.

[skepdic-7] "multi-level marketing (a.k.a. network marketing & referral marketing) – The Skeptic's Dictionary". Skepdic.com. 1991-12-09. Retrieved 2010-02-04.

[8] Edwards, Paul (1997). Franchising & licensing: two powerful ways to grow your business in any economy. Tarcher. p. 356. ISBN 0-87477-898-0.

[9] Clegg, Brian (2000). The invisible customer: strategies for successive customer service down the wire. Kogan Page. p. 112. ISBN 0-7494-3144-X.

[10] Higgs, Philip; Smith, Jane (2007). Rethinking Our World. Juta Academic. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7021-7255-7.

[11] Kitching, Trevor (2001). Purchasing scams and how to avoid them. Gower Publishing Company. p. 4. ISBN 0-566-08281-0.

[12] Mendelsohn, Martin (2004). The guide to franchising. Cengage Learning Business Press. p. 36. ISBN 1-84480-162-4.

[KIP1991-13] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Roha, Ronaleen R. (November 1991). The Ups and Downs of "Downlines". p. 66. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)

[Tatum-14] Tatum, Megan (28 November 2019). "Easy money and exploitation: should grocery brands explore multi-level marketing?". The Grocer. Retrieved 10 April 2020.

[Lacey-15] Lacey, Hester (30 January 2014). "Success Story: 8 Hints From The Publisher Who Said No To Amazon". Forbes. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2020.

[16] Rovell, Darren (31 January 2011). "Beach Body Grows Exponentially Thanks to Network Marketing". CNBC. Retrieved 2015-03-28.

[17] Harvey, Tom (October 23, 2014). "Judge dismisses much of lawsuit between rival Utah 'oils' companies". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved July 22, 2015.

[18] Berman, Phyllis (October 11, 2004). "If You Believe". Forbes.

[19] "DSN Global 100: The Top Direct Selling Companies in the World". Direct Selling News. June 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-15.

[TIME2006-20] Ressner, Jeffrey (2006-10-01). "Industries: State of Reliefs". Time. Archived from the original on November 1, 2007.

[21] Jones, Rupert (7 December 2019). "Utility Warehouse: is its 'life-changing' scheme really ab fab?". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2024.

[nypost-22] Celarier, Michelle (29 September 2013). "Verve energy drink turning college students into sales force". New York Post. Retrieved 2015-03-28.

[23] Dalling, Robert (2018-04-30). "Spoon rest and egg separator catalogue company Betterware has folded". walesonline. Retrieved 2020-02-20.

[24] "'Magic dirt': How the internet fueled, and defeated, the pandemic's weirdest company". NBC News. Retrieved 4 December 2021.

[25] Crouch, Gregory (18 August 1990). "FundAmerica Files for Bankruptcy, Cites 2 Overseas Creditors". Los Angeles Times.

[26] Penke, Patty. "The Iconic Longaberger Company Shuts Down: Will Those Collectible Baskets Be Worthless Now?". Retrieved 8 October 2019.

[27] "Women say they were branded and traumatized by secret group's doctors". CBSNews.com. CBS. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

[28] Odato, James. "Lawyer attacks NXIVM 'scheme'". TimesUnion.com. The Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 13 November 2017.

[Solavei-29] Soper, Taylor. "Multi-level marketing mobile service provider Solavei shuts down due to 'competitive landscape'". GeekWire. Retrieved 31 December 2015.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]