List of prehistoric brittle stars

This list of prehistoric brittle stars is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be ophiuroids, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered brittle stars.

Ophiopetra lithographica from the Lower Hienheim Beds (Lower Tithonian, Upper Jurassic) near Regensburg, Germany.
Furcaster paleozoicus Stürtz, 1886 (8.5 cm long) with current aligned arms from the Hunsrück Lagerstätte (Lower Devonian) of western Germany.

Naming conventions and terminology

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Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Technical terms used include:

  • Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
  • Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
  • Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
  • Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
  • Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

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Genus Authors Year Status Age Location Notes

Acinetaster

Aganaster

Amphiophiura

Amphioplus

Antiquaster

Aplocoma

Archaeophiomusium

Arenorbis

Argentinaster

Armathyraster

Aspiduriella

Asteronyx

Aulactis

Bdellacoma

Brezinacantha

Thuy et al.[1] 2018

Bohemura

Cheiropteraster

Cholaster

Crepidosoma

Drepanaster

Encrinaster

Eophiura

Eospondylus

Euzonosoma

Furcaster

Geocoma

gorgonocephalid

Hallaster

Hemieurylae

Kentrospondylus

Klasmura

Lapworthura

Loriolaster

Lumectaster

Marginaster

Mastigactis

Mastigophiura

Medusaster

Miospondylus

Nullamphiura

Onychaster

Ophiacantha

Ophiaulax

Ophiocnida

Ophiocoma

Ophiocrossota

Ophiocten

Ophioglyphoida

Ophiolancea

Ophiomusium

Ophiopetra

Ophiopinna

Ophiothrix

Ophiotitanos

Ophiotrigonum

Ophiura

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Ophiurella

Ophiurina

Ophiuriocoma

Paleocoma

Palaeophiura

Palaeura

Phragmactis

Pradesura

Protaster

Ptilonaster

Rhopalocoma

Schoenaster

Silesiaster

Sinosura

 

Stenaster

Stephanoura

Stuertzaster

Syntomospina

Taeniaster

Tremataster

Urosoma

Vandelcoaster

Xanthamphiura

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Thuy, Ben; Landman, Neil H.; Larson, Neal L.; Numberger-Thuy, Lea D. (2018). "Brittle-star mass occurrence on a Late Cretaceous methane seep from South Dakota, USA". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 9617. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.9617T. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27326-z. PMC 6018167. PMID 29941907.