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List of pteridophytes of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about 2 million species of arthropods found in the world, and more are still being discovered to this day. This makes it very complicated and difficult to summarize the exact number of species found within a certain region.

Location of Sri Lanka

This is a list of the pteridophytes found from Sri Lanka.

Pteridophytes

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Pteridophytes are vascular plants which reproduce by spores. These free sporing vascular plants show a remarkable life cycle with independent gametophyte and sporophyte generations. Pteridophytes are composed of ferns and lycophytes. Ferns consist of stems, leaves and roots. The stem is usually referred to as rhizome, which is sometimes underground in nature. Most species show stolons and few are with semi-woody trunks. Leaves are referred to as a frond. New leaves typically expand by the unrolling of a tight spiral, the phenomenon known as circinate vernation.[1] There are about 10,560 known species of ferns in the world.[2]

Lycopods are belong to the division Lycopodiophyta, and some are homosporous while others are heterosporous. They differ from ferns due to presence of microphylls, which are the leaves that have only a single vascular trace. There are two extant classes of lycopods, which contains a total of 12 genera and 1290 known species.

The earliest notes on pteridophyte diversity of Sri Lanka dated back to 1887 with Baker's Handbook to the Fern Allies and then in 1892 with Beddome's Handbook to the Ferns of British India, Ceylon, and the Malay Peninsula. In 1947, Copeland adopted a taxonomical system to describe modern taxa of pteridophytes of Sri Lanka. Based on these publications, Prof. R.N. de Fonseka and Mr. M.A.B Jansen prepared the checklist of the pteidophytes of Sri Lanka in 1978.[3] Since then, many experiments and research were carried out about particular families which are important to economy.[4][5][6][7][8]

The following article is based on the checklist by Fonseka and Jansen in 1978.[9]

Division Pteridophyta

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Class Equisetopsida

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Order Equisetales

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Family Equisetaceae - Horsetails
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Class Marattiopsida

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Order Marattiales

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Family Marattiaceae
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Order Ophioglossales

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Family Ophioglossaceae - Adder's-tongue ferns
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Class Polypodiopsida

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Order Cyatheales

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Family Cyatheaceae - Scaly tree ferns
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Order Gleicheniales

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Family Gleicheniaceae - Forked ferns
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Order Hymenophyllales

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Family Hymenophyllaceae - Bristle ferns
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Order Osmundales

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Family Osmundaceae - Flowering ferns
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Order Polypodiales

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Family Athyriaceae
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Family Aspleniaceae - Spleenworts
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Family Blechnaceae
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Family Cystopteridaceae
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Family Davalliaceae
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Family Dennstaedtiaceae
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Family Diplaziopsidaceae
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Family Dryopteridaceae - Wood ferns
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Family Hypodematiaceae
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Family Lindsaeaceae
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Family Nephrolepidaceae - Swordferns
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Family Oleandraceae
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Family Polypodiaceae - Polypod ferns
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Family Pteridaceae
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Family Tectariaceae
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Family Thelypteridaceae
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Order Salviniales

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Family Marsileaceae Pepperworts
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Family Salviniaceae - Salvinias
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Order Schizaeales

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Family Lygodiaceae - Climbing ferns
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Family Schizaeaceae
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Class Psilotopsida

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Order Psilotales

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Family Psilotaceae - Whisk ferns
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Division Lycopodiophyta

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Class Isoetopsida

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Order Selaginellales

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Family Selaginellaceae - Spike mosses
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Order Isoetales

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Family Isoetaceae - Quillworts
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Class Lycopodiopsida

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Order Lycopodiales

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Family Lycopodiaceae - Clubmosses
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References

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  1. ^ "Fern Fronds". Basic Biology. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  2. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  3. ^ "A check list of the pteridophytes of Sri Lanka". National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  4. ^ "Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Pteridophyte Flora of Sri Lanka" (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Sri Lanka. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  5. ^ "Research and development and innovations in floriculture: lessons from the market giants for developing countries like Sri Lanka". Research Gate. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  6. ^ "Conservation Priorities for Tree Ferns (Cyatheaceae) in Sri Lanka" (PDF). tai2.ntu.edu.tw. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  7. ^ "Angiopteris evecta (Forst.) Hoffm: a potential source for antibacterial activity" (PDF). University of Colombo. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  8. ^ "Cyathea srilankensis Ranil (Cyatheaceae): A New Tree Fern Species From Sri Lanka". bioone.org. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  9. ^ "Tentative keys to the families & genera of pteridophytes of Sri Lanka". libsys.wyb. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
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