List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: G–K

Legend of nucleobases
Code	Nucleotide represented
A	Adenine (A)
C	Cytosine (C)
G	Guanine (G)
T	Thymine (T)
N	A, C, G or T
M	A or C
R	A or G
W	A or T
Y	C or T
S	C or G
K	G or T
H	A, C or T
B	C, G or T
V	A, C or G
D	A, G or T

This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with G to K inclusive. It contains approximately 90 enzymes.

The following information is given:

Enzyme: Accepted name of the molecule, according to the internationally adopted nomenclature^[1]^[2], and bibliographical references. (Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".)
PDB code: Code used to identify the structure of a protein in the PDB database of protein structures. The 3D atomic structure of a protein provides highly valuable information to understand the intimate details of its mechanism of action^[3]^[4].
Source: Organism that naturally produces the enzyme.
Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds.
Cut: Cutting site and DNA products of the cut. The recognition sequence and the cutting site usually match, but sometimes the cutting site can be dozens of nucleotides away from the recognition site^[5]^[6].
Isoschizomers and neoschizomers: An isoschizomer is an enzyme that recognizes the same sequence as another. A neoschizomer is a special type of isoschizomer that recognizes the same sequence as another, but cuts in a different manner. A maximum number of 8-10 most common isoschizomers are indicated for every enzyme but there may be many more. Neoschizomers are shown in bold and green color font (e.g.: BamHI). When "None on date" is indicated, that means that there were no registered isoschizomers in the databases on that date with a clearly defined cutting site. Isoschizomers indicated in white font and grey background correspond to enzymes not listed in the current lists:

as in this not listed enzyme:

EcoR70I

Whole list navigation

Restriction enzymes

G

Enzyme	PDB code	Source	Recognition sequence	Cut	Isoschizomers
GalI		Gluconobacter albidus	`5' CCGCGG` `3' GGCGCC`	`5' ---CCGC GG--- 3'` `3' ---GG CGCC--- 5'`
GceI		Gluconobacter cerinus	`5' CCGCGG` `3' GGCGCC`	`5' ---CCGC GG--- 3'` `3' ---GG CGCC--- 5'`
GceGLI		Gluconobacter cerinus	`5' CCGCGG` `3' GGCGCC`	`5' ---CCGC GG--- 3'` `3' ---GG CGCC--- 5'`
GdiI		Gluconobacter dioxyacetonicus	`5' AGGCCT` `3' TCCGGA`	`5' ---AGG CCT--- 3'` `3' ---TCC GGA--- 5'`	AatI, AspMI, Eco147I, PceI, SarI, Sru30DI, SseBI, SteI, StuI
GdiII		Gluconobacter dioxyacetonicus	`5' CGGCCR` `3' GCCGGY`	`5' ---C GGCCR--- 3'` `3' ---GCCGG Y--- 5'`
GstI		Geobacillus stearothermophilus	`5' GGATCC` `3' CCTAGG`	`5' ---G GATCC--- 3'` `3' ---CCTAG G--- 5'`
GsuI		Gluconobacter suboxydans H-15T	`5' CTGGAG` `3' GACCTC`	`5' ---CTGGAGN₁₂NNNN --- 3'` `3' ---GACCTCN₁₂NN NN--- 5'`

H

Enzyme PDB code Source Recognition sequence Cut Isoschizomers

HacI Halococcus acetoinfaciens 5' GATC
3' CTAG 5' --- GATC--- 3'
3' ---CTAG --- 5' Bme12I, Bsp67I, BstENII, CcyI, FnuEI, MgoI, NphI, Sau3AI

HaeI Haemophilus aegyptius 5' WGGCCW
3' WCCGGW 5' ---WGG CCW--- 3'
3' ---WCC GGW--- 5'

HaeII

Haemophilus aegypticus

5' RGCGCY
3' YCGCGR

5' ---RGCGC Y--- 3'
3' ---Y CGCGR--- 5'

AccB2I,	BfoI,	Bme142I,
Bsp143II, BstH2I, LpnI

HaeIII Haemophilus aegypticus 5' GGCC
3' CCGG 5' ---GG CC--- 3'
3' ---CC GG--- 5' BsuRI

HaeIV Haemophilus aegyptius 5' GAYN₅RTC
3' CTRN₅YAG 5' ---GAYN₅RTCN₈NNNNNN --- 3'
3' ---CTRN₅YAGN₈N NNNNN--- 5'

HalI Hafnia alvei B6 5' GAATTC
3' CTTAAG 5' ---G AATTC--- 3'
3' ---CTTAA G--- 5'

HalII Hafnia alvei B6 5' CTGCAG
3' GACGTC 5' ---CTGCA G--- 3'
3' ---G ACGTC--- 5' AjoI, AliAJI, Bsp63I, CfrA4I, CfuII, CstI, PstI, SflI, Srl5DI, Sst12I

HapII Haemophilus aphrophilus 5' CCGG
3' GGCC 5' ---C CGG--- 3'
3' ---GGC C--- 5'

HgaI^[7] Haemophilus gallinarum 5' GACGC
3' CTGCG 5' ---GACGCN₄N NNNNN--- 3'
3' ---CTGCGN₄NNNNNN --- 5'

HgiI Herpetosiphon giganteus 3303 5' GRCGYC
3' CYGCRG 5' ---GR CGYC--- 3'
3' ---CYGC RG--- 5' AcyI, AsuIII, BbiII, BstACI, HgiGI, HgiHII, Hin1I, PamII

HgiAI

Herpetosiphon giganteus HP1023

5' GWGCWC
3' CWCGWG

5' ---GWGCW C--- 3'
3' ---C WCGWG--- 5'

Alw21I, AspHI, Bsh45I, BsiHKAI,

Bsm6I, HpyF46II,

MspV281I

HgiBI Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpg5 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG 5' ---G GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG G--- 5' Bme18I, BthAI, DsaIV, ErpI, FspMSI, HgiEI, Psp03I, VpaK11AI

HgiCI Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpg9 5' GGYRCC
3' CCRYGG 5' ---G GYRCC--- 3'
3' ---CCRYG G--- 5' AccB1I, BanI, BspT107I, BshNI, Eco64I, HgiHI, MspB4I, PfaAI

HgiCII Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpg9 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG 5' ---G GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG G--- 5' Bme18I, BthAI, DsaIV, FspMSI, HgiHIII, Psp03I, VpaK11AI

HgiCIII Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpg9 5' GTCGAC
3' CAGCTG 5' ---G TCGAC--- 3'
3' ---CAGCT G--- 5'

HgiDI Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpa2 5' GRCGYC
3' CYGCRG 5' ---GR CGYC--- 3'
3' ---CYGC RG--- 5' AcyI, AsuIII, BbiII, BstACI, HgiGI, HgiI, Hin1I, PamII

HgiDII Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpa2 5' GTCGAC
3' CAGCTG 5' ---G TCGAC--- 3'
3' ---CAGCT G--- 5'

HgiEI Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpg24 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG 5' ---G GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG G--- 5' Bme216I, BthAI, DsaIV, ErpI, FspMSI, HgiHIII, VpaK11AI

HgiGI Herpetosiphon giganteus Hpa1 5' GRCGYC
3' CYGCRG 5' ---GR CGYC--- 3'
3' ---CYGC RG--- 5' AcyI, AosII, BbiII, BstACI, HgiI, HgiGI, Msp17I, PamII

HgiHI Herpetosiphon giganteus HP1049 5' GGYRCC
3' CCRYGG 5' ---G GYRCC--- 3'
3' ---CCRYG G--- 5' AccB1I, BanI, BspT107I, BshNI, Eco64I, HgiCI, MspB4I, PfaAI

HgiHII Herpetosiphon giganteus HP1049 5' GRCGYC
3' CYGCRG 5' ---GR CGYC--- 3'
3' ---CYGC RG--- 5' AosII, AsuIII, BsaHI, BstACI, HgiGI, HgiHII, Msp17I, PamII

HgiHIII Herpetosiphon giganteus HP1049 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG 5' ---G GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG G--- 5' Bme216I, DsaIV, ErpI, HgiBI, Psp03I, VpaK11AI, VpaK11BI

HgiJI Herpetosiphon giganteus HFS101 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG 5' ---G GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG G--- 5' Bme216I, CauI, DsaIV, FdiI, HgiBI, HgiHIII, Psp03I, VpaK11AI

HgiJII Herpetosiphon giganteus HFS101 5' GRGCYC
3' CYCGRG 5' ---GRGCY C--- 3'
3' ---C YCGRG--- 5'

HgiS22I Herpetosiphon giganteus 5' CCSGG
3' GGSCC 5' ---CC SGG--- 3'
3' ---GGS CC--- 5' AhaI, AseII, AsuC2I, BcnI, CauII, Eco1831I, EcoHI, Kpn49kII

HhaI Haemophilus haemolyticus 5' GCGC
3' CGCG 5' ---GCG C--- 3'
3' ---C GCG--- 5' AspLEI, BspLAI, BstHHI, CfoI, FnuDIII, Hin6I, HinP1I, SciNI

HhaII Haemophilus haemolyticus 5' GANTC
3' CTNAG 5' ---G ANTC--- 3'
3' ---CTNA G--- 5'

Hin1I Haemophilus influenzae RFL1 5' GRCGYC
3' CYGCRG 5' ---GR CGYC--- 3'
3' ---CYGC RG--- 5' AcyI, AhaII, AosII, AstWI, AsuIII, HgiI, HgiDI, HgiDI, Hsp92I

Hin1II Haemophilus influenzae RFL1 5' CATG
3' GTAC 5' ---CATG --- 3'
3' --- GTAC--- 5'

Hin2I Haemophilus influenzae RFL2 5' CCGG
3' GGCC 5' ---C CGG--- 3'
3' ---GGC C--- 5'

Hin4I Haemophilus influenzae RFL4 5' GAYN₅VTC
3' CTRN₅BAG 5' ---GAYN₅VTCN₇NNNNNN --- 3'
3' ---CTRN₅BAGN₇N NNNNN--- 5'

Hin6I Haemophilus influenzae RFL6 5' GCGC
3' CGCG 5' ---G CGC--- 3'
3' ---CGC G--- 5' AspLEI, BspLAI, BstHHI, CfoI, FnuDIII, HhaI, HsoI, HspAI, SciNI

HinJCI Haemophilus influenzae JC9 5' GTYRAC
3' CARYTG 5' ---GTY RAC--- 3'
3' ---CAR YTG--- 5'

HinP1I 2FL3 Search PDBe Haemophilus influenzae P1 5' GCGC
3' CGCG 5' ---G CGC--- 3'
3' ---CGC G--- 5' BspLAI, BstHHI, CfoI, FnuDIII, HhaI, Hin6I, HsoI, HspAI, SciNI

HincII 2AUD Search PDBe Haemophilus influenzae Rc 5' GTYRAC
3' CARYTG 5' ---GTY RAC--- 3'
3' ---CAR YTG--- 5'

HindII Haemophilus influenzae Rd 5' GTYRAC
3' CARYTG 5' ---GTY RAC--- 3'
3' ---CAR YTG--- 5'

HindIII 2E52, Search PDBe Haemophilus influenzae Rd 5' AAGCTT
3' TTCGAA 5' ---A AGCTT--- 3'
3' ---TTCGA A--- 5'

HinfI Haemophilus influenzae Rf 5' GANTC
3' CTNAG 5' ---G ANTC--- 3'
3' ---CTNA G--- 5'

HjaI Hyphomonas jannaschiana 5' GATATC
3' CTATAG 5' ---GAT ATC--- 3'
3' ---CTA TAG--- 5'

HpaI Haemophilus parainfluenzae 5' GTTAAC
3' CAATTG 5' ---GTT AAC--- 3'
3' ---CAA TTG--- 5'

HpaII Haemophilus parainfluenzae 5' CCGG
3' GGCC 5' ---C CGG--- 3'
3' ---GGC C--- 5'

HphI Haemophilus parahaemolyticus 5' GGTGA
3' CCACT 5' ---GGTGAN₆NN --- 3'
3' ---CCACTN₆N N--- 5' AsuHPI, SspD5I

Hpy8I Helicobacter pylori A 8-5 5' GTNNAC
3' CANNTG 5' ---GTN NAC--- 3'
3' ---CAN NTG--- 5'

Hpy51I Helicobacter pylori 51 5' GTSAC
3' CASTG 5' --- GTSAC--- 3'
3' ---CASTG --- 5'

Hpy99I 3GOX Helicobacter pylori J99 5' CGWCG
3' GCWGC 5' ---CGWCG --- 3'
3' --- GCWGC--- 5'

Hpy178III Helicobacter pylori J178 5' TCNNGA
3' AGNNCT 5' ---TC NNGA--- 3'
3' ---AGNN CT--- 5'

Hpy188I Helicobacter pylori J188 5' TCNGA
3' AGNCT 5' ---TCN GA--- 3'
3' ---AG NCT--- 5'

Hpy188III Helicobacter pylori J188 5' TCNNGA
3' AGNNCT 5' ---TC NNGA--- 3'
3' ---AGNN CT--- 5'

HpyAV Helicobacter pylori 26695 5' CCTTC
3' GGAAG 5' ---CCTTCN₄NN --- 3'
3' ---GGAAGN₄N N--- 5'

HpyBI Helicobacter pylori Roberts 5' GTAC
3' CATG 5' ---GT AC--- 3'
3' ---CA TG--- 5' AfaI, Csp6I, CviQI, CviRII, PabI, PlaAII, RsaI, RsaNI

HpyBII Helicobacter pylori Roberts 5' GTNNAC
3' CANNTG 5' ---GTN NAC--- 3'
3' ---CAN NTG--- 5'

HpyCI Helicobacter pylori 5' GATATC
3' CTATAG 5' ---GAT ATC--- 3'
3' ---CTA TAG--- 5'

HpyC1I Helicobacter pylori 5' CCATC
3' GGTAG 5' ---CCATCNNNN N--- 3'
3' ---GGTAGNNNNN --- 5'

HpyCH4I Helicobacter pylori CH4 5' CATG
3' GTAC 5' ---CATG --- 3'
3' --- GTAC--- 5'

HpyCH4III Helicobacter pylori CH4 5' ACNGT
3' TGNCA 5' ---ACN GT--- 3'
3' ---TG NCA--- 5'

HpyCH4IV Helicobacter pylori CH4 5' ACGT
3' TGCA 5' ---A CGT--- 3'
3' ---TGC A--- 5'

HpyCH4V Helicobacter pylori CH4 5' TGCA
3' ACGT 5' ---TG CA--- 3'
3' ---AC GT--- 5'

HpyF10VI Helicobacter pylori RFL10 5' GCN₇GC
3' CGN₇CG 5' ---GCNNNNN NNGC--- 3'
3' ---CGNN NNNNNCG--- 5'

HpyF44III Helicobacter pylori RFL44 5' TGCA
3' ACGT 5' ---TG CA--- 3'
3' ---AC GT--- 5'

HsoI Haemophilus somnus 2336 5' GCGC
3' CGCG 5' ---G CGC--- 3'
3' ---CGC G--- 5' AspLEI, BstHHI, CfoI, FnuDIII, Hin6I, HinP1I, HspAI, SciNI

Hsp92I Haemophilus sp. 92 5' GRCGYC
3' CYGCRG 5' ---GR CGYC--- 3'
3' ---CYGC RG--- 5' AcyI, AhaII, AosII, AstWI, HgiI, HgiDI, HgiHII, Hin1I, Hsp92I

Hsp92II Haemophilus sp. 92 5' CATG
3' GTAC 5' ---CATG --- 3'
3' --- GTAC--- 5'

HspAI Haemophilus sp. A 5' GCGC
3' CGCG 5' ---G CGC--- 3'
3' ---CGC G--- 5' AspLEI, BspLAI, BstHHI, FnuDIII, HhaI, Hin6I, HinP1I, HsoI, SciNI

HsuI Haemophilus suis 5' AAGCTT
3' TTCGAA 5' ---A AGCTT--- 3'
3' ---TTCGA A--- 5'

I

Enzyme	PDB code	Source	Recognition sequence	Cut	Isoschizomers
ItaI		Ilyobcater tartaricus	`5' GCNGC` `3' CGNCG`	`5' ---GC NGC--- 3'` `3' ---CGN CG--- 5'`

K

Enzyme PDB code Source Recognition sequence Cut Isoschizomers

KasI Kluyvera ascorbata 5' GGCGCC
3' CCGCGG 5' ---G GCGCC--- 3'
3' ---CCGCG G--- 5'

Kaz48kI Klebsiella azeanae 5' RGGNCCY
3' YCCNGGR 5' ---RGGNC CY--- 3'
3' ---YC CNGGR--- 5'

KoxII Klebsiella oxytoca 5' GRGCYC
3' CYCGRG 5' ---GRGCY C--- 3'
3' ---C YCGRG--- 5'

KpnI^[8] Klebsiella pneumoniae OK8 5' GGTACC
3' CCATGG 5' ---GGTAC C--- 3'
3' ---C CATGG--- 5' Acc65I, AhaB8I, Asp718I, SthI

Kpn2I Klebsiella pneumoniae RFL2 5' TCCGGA
3' AGGCCT 5' ---T CCGGA--- 3'
3' ---AGGCC T--- 5' Aor13HI, BbvAIII, BseAI, BsiMI, BspEI, BspMII, CauB3I, MroI

Kpn378I Klebsiella pneumoniae 378 5' CCGCGG
3' GGCGCC 5' ---CCGC GG--- 3'
3' ---GG CGCC--- 5'

Kpn2kI Klebsiella pneumoniae 2k 5' CCNGG
3' GGNCC 5' --- CCNGG--- 3'
3' ---GGNCC --- 5'

Kpn49kI Klebsiella pneumoniae 49k 5' GAATTC
3' CTTAAG 5' ---G AATTC--- 3'
3' ---CTTAA G--- 5'

Kpn49kII Klebsiella pneumoniae 49k 5' CCSGG
3' GGSCC 5' --- CCSGG--- 3'
3' ---GGSCC --- 5' AhaI, AsuC2I, BcnI, CauII, EcoHI, HgiS22I, Mgl14481I, NciI

KspI Kluyvera sp. 5' CCGCGG
3' GGCGCC 5' ---CCGC GG--- 3'
3' ---GG CGCC--- 5'

Ksp22I

Kurthia sp. 22

5' TGATCA
3' ACTAGT

5' ---T GATCA--- 3'
3' ---ACTAG T--- 5'

AbaI, BclI, BsiQI,
BspXII, BstT7I, FbaI,	ParI

Ksp632I Kluyvera sp. 632 5' CTCTTC
3' GAGAAG 5' ---CTCTTCN NNN--- 3'
3' ---GAGAAGNNNN --- 5'

KspAI Kurthia sp. N88 5' GTTAAC
3' CAATTG 5' ---GTT AAC--- 3'
3' ---CAA TTG--- 5'

Kzo9I Kurthia zopfii 9 5' GATC
3' CTAG 5' --- GATC--- 3'
3' ---CTAG --- 5' Bce243I, Bsp105I, BspFI, BstMBI, CpfI, LlaAI, NdeII, Sth368I

Kzo49I Kurthia zopfii 49 5' GGWCC
3' CCWGG 5' ---G GWCC--- 3'
3' ---CCWG G--- 5' Bme216I, CauI, DsaIV, FdiI, HgiBI, HgiHIII, Psp03I, VpaK11AI

Notes

^ Smith HO, Nathans D (December 1973). "Letter: A suggested nomenclature for bacterial host modification and restriction systems and their enzymes". J. Mol. Biol. 81 (3): 419–23. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(73)90152-6. PMID 4588280.
^ Roberts RJ, Belfort M, Bestor T, Bhagwat AS, Bickle TA, Bitinaite J, Blumenthal RM, Degtyarev SK, Dryden DT, Dybvig K, Firman K, Gromova ES, Gumport RI, Halford SE, Hattman S, Heitman J, Hornby DP, Janulaitis A, Jeltsch A, Josephsen J, Kiss A, Klaenhammer TR, Kobayashi I, Kong H, Krüger DH, Lacks S, Marinus MG, Miyahara M, Morgan RD, Murray NE, Nagaraja V, Piekarowicz A, Pingoud A, Raleigh E, Rao DN, Reich N, Repin VE, Selker EU, Shaw PC, Stein DC, Stoddard BL, Szybalski W, Trautner TA, Van Etten JL, Vitor JM, Wilson GG, Xu SY (April 2003). "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7): 1805–12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg274. PMC 152790. PMID 12654995.
^ Jeremy MB, John LT, Lubert S (2002). "3. Protein Structure and Function". Biochemistry. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4684-0.
^ Anfinsen C.B. (1973). "Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains". Science. 181 (4096): 223–30. doi:10.1126/science.181.4096.223. PMID 4124164.
^ Kessler C, Manta V (August 1990). "Specificity of restriction endonucleases and DNA modification methyltransferases a review (Edition 3)". Gene. 92 (1–2): 1–248. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(90)90486-B. PMID 2172084.
^ Pingoud A, Jeltsch A (September 2001). "Structure and function of type II restriction endonucleases". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (18): 3705–27. doi:10.1093/nar/29.18.3705. PMC 55916. PMID 11557805.
^ R.J Roberts, 1988, Nucleic Acids Res. 16(suppl):271 From p.213 Molecular Cell Biology 4th Edition by Lodish, Berk, Zipursky, Matsudaira, Baltimore and Darnell.
^ Monty Krieger; Matthew P Scott; Matsudaira, Paul T.; Lodish, Harvey F.; Darnell, James E.; Lawrence Zipursky; Kaiser, Chris; Arnold Berk (2004). Molecular Cell Biology (5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-4366-3.

[pmid4588280-1] Smith HO, Nathans D (December 1973). "Letter: A suggested nomenclature for bacterial host modification and restriction systems and their enzymes". J. Mol. Biol. 81 (3): 419–23. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(73)90152-6. PMID 4588280.

[pmid12654995-2] Roberts RJ, Belfort M, Bestor T, Bhagwat AS, Bickle TA, Bitinaite J, Blumenthal RM, Degtyarev SK, Dryden DT, Dybvig K, Firman K, Gromova ES, Gumport RI, Halford SE, Hattman S, Heitman J, Hornby DP, Janulaitis A, Jeltsch A, Josephsen J, Kiss A, Klaenhammer TR, Kobayashi I, Kong H, Krüger DH, Lacks S, Marinus MG, Miyahara M, Morgan RD, Murray NE, Nagaraja V, Piekarowicz A, Pingoud A, Raleigh E, Rao DN, Reich N, Repin VE, Selker EU, Shaw PC, Stein DC, Stoddard BL, Szybalski W, Trautner TA, Van Etten JL, Vitor JM, Wilson GG, Xu SY (April 2003). "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7): 1805–12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg274. PMC 152790. PMID 12654995.

[3] Jeremy MB, John LT, Lubert S (2002). "3. Protein Structure and Function". Biochemistry. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4684-0.

[4] Anfinsen C.B. (1973). "Principles that Govern the Folding of Protein Chains". Science. 181 (4096): 223–30. doi:10.1126/science.181.4096.223. PMID 4124164.

[pmid2172084-5] Kessler C, Manta V (August 1990). "Specificity of restriction endonucleases and DNA modification methyltransferases a review (Edition 3)". Gene. 92 (1–2): 1–248. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(90)90486-B. PMID 2172084.

[pmid11557805-6] Pingoud A, Jeltsch A (September 2001). "Structure and function of type II restriction endonucleases". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (18): 3705–27. doi:10.1093/nar/29.18.3705. PMC 55916. PMID 11557805.

[7] R.J Roberts, 1988, Nucleic Acids Res. 16(suppl):271 From p.213 Molecular Cell Biology 4th Edition by Lodish, Berk, Zipursky, Matsudaira, Baltimore and Darnell.

[isbn0-7167-4366-3-8] Monty Krieger; Matthew P Scott; Matsudaira, Paul T.; Lodish, Harvey F.; Darnell, James E.; Lawrence Zipursky; Kaiser, Chris; Arnold Berk (2004). Molecular Cell Biology (5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-4366-3.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]