Wikipedia

List of rhinolophids

Rhinolophidae is one of the twenty families of bats in the mammalian order Chiroptera and part of the microbat suborder. A member of this family is called a rhinolophid or a horseshoe bat. They are named for the shape of their nose-leaf. They are found in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, primarily in forests, savannas, grasslands, and caves, though some species can also be found in deserts or wetlands. They range in size from the Thai horseshoe bat and little Nepalese horseshoe bat, at 3 cm (1 in) plus a 1 cm (0.4 in) tail, to the Maclaud's horseshoe bat, at 10 cm (4 in) plus a 5 cm (2 in) tail. Like all bats, rhinolophids are capable of true and sustained flight, and have wing lengths ranging from 3 cm (1 in) in the Formosan lesser horseshoe bat and little Nepalese horseshoe bat, to 8 cm (3 in) in the great woolly horseshoe bat. They are all insectivorous and eat a variety of insects and spiders.[1] Most rhinolophids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 900 adult individuals to 20,000. Twelve species—the Andaman horseshoe bat, Bornean woolly horseshoe bat, Guinean horseshoe bat, King horseshoe bat, Maclaud's horseshoe bat, Mount Mabu horseshoe bat, Poso horseshoe bat, Ruwenzori horseshoe bat, Timorese horseshoe bat, Willard's horseshoe bat, Yaeyama little horseshoe bat, and Ziama horseshoe bat—are categorized as endangered species, and Hill's horseshoe bat is categorized as critically endangered. These collectively make up almost fifteen percent of the species in the family.

A photograph of a horseshoe bat hanging upside down from a rocky surface, with the photographer below the bat. It has shockingly bright orange fur, and dark gray wings, ears, and nose.
Rufous horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus rouxii)

The 92 extant species of Rhinolophidae are all included in a single genus, Rhinolophus. A few extinct prehistoric rhinolophid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[2]

Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (1 species)
 EN Endangered (12 species)
 VU Vulnerable (5 species)
 NT Near threatened (9 species)
 LC Least concern (50 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (13 species)
 NE Not evaluated (2 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the rhinolophid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

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The family Rhinolophidae consists of a single genus, Rhinolophus, containing 92 species.

Rhinolophids

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The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[3]

Genus Rhinolophus – Lacépède, 1799 – 92 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Acuminate horseshoe bat

 

R. acuminatus
Peters, 1871 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[5] 		 LC 


Unknown  [5]

Adam's horseshoe bat


R. adami
Aellen & Brosset, 1968 		Republic of the Congo
  		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[7] 		 DD 


Unknown  [7]

Andaman horseshoe bat

 

R. cognatus
K. Andersen, 1906 		Andaman Islands
  		Size: About 4 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[8] 		 EN 


Unknown  [8]

Arcuate horseshoe bat

 

R. arcuatus
Peters, 1871

Two subspecies
  • R. a. arcuatus
  • R. a. exiguus
Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[10] 		 DD 


Unknown  [10]

Beddome's horseshoe bat

 

R. beddomei
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southern India and Sri Lanka
  		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[12] 		 LC 


Unknown  [12]

Big-eared horseshoe bat


R. macrotis
Blyth, 1844

Five subspecies
  • R. m. caldwelli
  • R. m. episcopus
  • R. m. huananus
  • R. m. macrotis
  • R. m. topali
Eastern and southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[14] 		 LC 


Unknown  [14]

Blasius's horseshoe bat

 

R. blasii
Peters, 1866 		Scattered Africa, southern Europe, and western Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, caves, and desert[15] 		 LC 


Unknown  [15]

Blyth's horseshoe bat

 

R. lepidus
Blyth, 1844

Two subspecies
  • R. l. lepidus
  • R. l. refulgens
Southern and southeastern Asia
  		Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[16] 		 LC 


Unknown  [16]

Bokhara horseshoe bat

 

R. bocharicus
Kastschenko & Akimov, 1917 		Central Asia
  		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, rocky areas, caves, and desert[17] 		 LC 


Unknown  [17]

Bornean horseshoe bat

 

R. borneensis
Peters, 1861 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[18] 		 LC 


Unknown  [18]

Bornean woolly horseshoe bat


R. proconsulis
Hill, 1959 		Borneo Size: Unknown length
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[19] 		 EN 


Unknown  [19]

Bourret's horseshoe bat


R. paradoxolophus
Bourret, 1951 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[20] 		 LC 


Unknown  [20]

Broad-eared horseshoe bat

 

R. euryotis
Temminck, 1835 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves and forest[21] 		 LC 


Unknown  [21]

Bushveld horseshoe bat


R. simulator
K. Andersen, 1904 		Eastern and western Africa
  		Size: 3–7 cm (1–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[22] 		 LC 


Unknown  [22]

Canut's horseshoe bat

 

R. canuti
Thomas & Wroughton, 1909 		Indonesia
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[23] 		 VU 


7,500–10,000  [23]

Cape horseshoe bat

 

R. capensis
Lichtenstein, 1823 		Southern Africa
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Shrubland and caves[24] 		 LC 


Unknown  [24]

Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat


R. chiewkweeae
Yoshiyuki & Liat, 2005 		Southeastern Asia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest[25] 		 DD 


Unknown  [25]

Chinese rufous horseshoe bat

 

R. sinicus
K. Andersen, 1905 		Eastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[26] 		 LC 


Unknown  [26]

Cohen's horseshoe bat


R. cohenae
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012 		South Africa Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, grassland, rocky areas, and caves[27] 		 VU 


900–1,000  [27]

Convex horseshoe bat


R. convexus
Csorba, 1997 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: Unknown length, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[28] 		 DD 


Unknown  [28]

Creagh's horseshoe bat

 

R. creaghi
Thomas, 1896 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: About 5 cm (2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[29] 		 LC 


Unknown  [29]

Croslet horseshoe bat


R. coelophyllus
Peters, 1867 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[30] 		 LC 


Unknown  [30]

Damara horseshoe bat


R. damarensis
Roberts, 1946 		Southern Africa Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, and desert[31] 		 LC 


20,000  [31]

Darling's horseshoe bat


R. darlingi
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southern Africa
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[32] 		 LC 


Unknown  [32]

Decken's horseshoe bat

 

R. deckenii
Peters, 1867 		Eastern Africa
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[33] 		 NT 


Unknown  [33]

Dent's horseshoe bat


R. denti
Thomas, 1904 		Southern and western Africa
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[34] 		 LC 


Unknown  [34]

Dobson's horseshoe bat


R. yunanensis
Dobson, 1872 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[35] 		 LC 


Unknown  [35]

Eloquent horseshoe bat

 

R. eloquens
K. Andersen, 1905 		Eastern Africa
  		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[36] 		 LC 


Unknown  [36]

Forest horseshoe bat


R. silvestris
Aellen, 1959 		West-central Africa
  		Size: Unknown length, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[37] 		 DD 


Unknown  [37]

Formosan lesser horseshoe bat

 

R. monoceros
Temminck, 1835 		Japan and China Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unrecorded 		 NE 


Unknown  

Formosan woolly horseshoe bat

 

R. formosae
Sanborn, 1939 		Taiwan
  		Size: 6–9 cm (2–4 in), plus 2–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[38] 		 LC 


Unknown  [38]

Geoffroy's horseshoe bat

 

R. clivosus
Cretzschmar, 1828

Two subspecies
  • R. c. brachygnathus
  • R. c. clivosus
Africa and Arabian peninsula
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, caves, and desert[39] 		 LC 


Unknown  [39]

Great woolly horseshoe bat

 

R. luctus
Temminck, 1834 		Southern and southeastern Asia
  		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–6 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Caves, rocky areas, and forest[40] 		 LC 


Unknown  [40]

Greater horseshoe bat

 

R. ferrumequinum
(Schreber, 1774)

Seven subspecies
  • R. f. creticum
  • R. f. ferrumequinum
  • R. f. irani
  • R. f. korai
  • R. f. nippon
  • R. f. proximus
  • R. f. tragatus
Europe, Asia, and northern Africa
  		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[41] 		 LC 


Unknown  [41]

Guinean horseshoe bat


R. guineensis
Eisentraut, 1960 		Western Africa
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, grassland, inland wetlands, and caves[42] 		 EN 


Unknown  [42]

Halcyon horseshoe bat


R. alcyone
Temminck, 1852 		Western and central Africa
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[43] 		 LC 


Unknown  [43]

Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat


R. hildebrandtii
Peters, 1878 		Eastern Africa
  		Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[44] 		 LC 


Unknown  [44]

Hill's horseshoe bat


R. hilli
Aellen, 1973 		Rwanda
  		Size: About 6 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
About 5 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[45] 		 CR 


Unknown  [45]

Hills' horseshoe bat


R. hillorum
Koopman, 1989 		Scattered Equatorial Africa
  		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, grassland, and caves[46] 		 VU 


Unknown  [46]

Imaizumi's horseshoe bat


R. imaizumii
Hill & Yoshiyuki, 1980 		Japan Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unrecorded 		 NE 


Unknown  

Indo-Chinese lesser brown horseshoe bat


R. microglobosus
Csorba and Jenkins, 1998 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves and forest[47] 		 LC 


Unknown  [47]

Insular horseshoe bat

 

R. keyensis
Peters, 1871 		Indonesia
  		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unknown[48] 		 DD 


Unknown  [48]

Intermediate horseshoe bat

 

R. affinis
Horsfield, 1823

Nine subspecies
  • R. a. affinis
  • R. a. andamanensis
  • R. a. hainanus
  • R. a. himalayanus
  • R. a. macrurus
  • R. a. nesites
  • R. a. princes
  • R. a. superans
  • R. a. tener
Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[49] 		 LC 


Unknown  [49]

King horseshoe bat


R. rex
Allen, 1923 		Eastern China
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[50] 		 EN 


1,500–2,000  [50]

Lander's horseshoe bat

 

R. landeri
Martin, 1837 		Sub-Saharan Africa
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and caves[51] 		 LC 


Unknown  [51]

Large rufous horseshoe bat


R. rufus
Eydoux & Gervais, 1836 		Philippines
  		Size: 8–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–8 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[52] 		 NT 


Unknown  [52]

Large-eared horseshoe bat

 

R. philippinensis
Waterhouse, 1843 		Southeastern Asia and northeastern Australia
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and forest[53] 		 LC 


Unknown  [53]

Least horseshoe bat

 

R. pusillus
Temminck, 1834 		Eastern and southeastern Asia
  		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[54] 		 LC 


Unknown  [54]

Lesser brown horseshoe bat

 

R. stheno
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[55] 		 LC 


Unknown  [55]

Lesser horseshoe bat

 

R. hipposideros
(Bechstein, 1800) 		Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
  		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[56] 		 LC 


Unknown  [56]

Lesser woolly horseshoe bat

 

R. sedulus
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[57] 		 NT 


Unknown  [57]

Little Japanese horseshoe bat

 

R. cornutus
Temminck, 1834

Three subspecies
  • R. c. cornutus
  • R. c. orii
  • R. c. pumilus
Japan and China Size: 3–6 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[58] 		 NT 


Unknown  [58]

Little Nepalese horseshoe bat


R. subbadius
Blyth, 1844 		Eastern Asia
  		Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–2 cm (0.4–0.8 in) tail
3–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[59] 		 LC 


Unknown  [59]

Maclaud's horseshoe bat


R. maclaudi
Pousargues, 1897 		Western Africa
  		Size: 7–10 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Savanna and caves[60] 		 EN 


Unknown  [60]

Madura horseshoe bat


R. madurensis
K. Andersen, 1918 		Indonesia
  		Size: Unknown length
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[61] 		 VU 


Unknown  [61]

Maendeleo horseshoe bat


R. maendeleo
Kock, Csorba, & Howell, 2000 		Eastern Africa
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest and caves[62] 		 DD 


Unknown  [62]

Malayan horseshoe bat


R. malayanus
Bonhote, 1903 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[63] 		 LC 


Unknown  [63]

Marshall's horseshoe bat


R. marshalli
Thonglongya, 1973 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and caves[64] 		 LC 


Unknown  [64]

McIntyre's horseshoe bat


R. mcintyrei
Hill & Schlitter, 1982 		Papua New Guinea Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[65] 		 DD 


Unknown  [65]

Mediterranean horseshoe bat

 

R. euryale
Blasius, 1853 		Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and caves[66] 		 NT 


Unknown  [66]

Mehely's horseshoe bat

 

R. mehelyi
Matschie, 1901 		Southern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa
  		Size: 4–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
2–4 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Shrubland and caves[67] 		 VU 


Unknown  [67]

Mitred horseshoe bat

 

R. mitratus
Blyth, 1844 		Eastern India
  		Size: About 7 cm (3 in), plus about 3 cm (1 in) tail
About 6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Unknown[68] 		 DD 


Unknown  [68]

Mount Mabu horseshoe bat


R. mabuensis
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012 		Mozambique Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Caves and forest[69] 		 EN 


Unknown  [69]

Mozambican horseshoe bat

 

R. mossambicus
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012 		Southeastern Africa Size: Unknown length
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[70] 		 LC 


Unknown  [70]

Neriad horseshoe bat


R. nereis
K. Andersen, 1905 		Siantan Island in Indonesia
  		Size: Unknown length, plus about 2 cm (1 in) tail
About 4 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Unknown[71] 		 DD 


Unknown  [71]

Osgood's horseshoe bat


R. osgoodi
Sanborn, 1939 		Southern China
  		Size: Unknown length, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves[72] 		 LC 


Unknown  [72]

Pearson's horseshoe bat

 

R. pearsonii
Horsfield, 1851 		Eastern and southeastern Asia
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[73] 		 LC 


Unknown  [73]

Peninsular horseshoe bat


R. robinsoni
K. Andersen, 1918 		Malaysia and Thailand
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Rocky areas and forest[74] 		 NT 


Unknown  [74]

Philippine forest horseshoe bat


R. inops
K. Andersen, 1905 		Philippines
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[75] 		 LC 


Unknown  [75]

Poso horseshoe bat


R. belligerator
Patrick, McCulloch, & Ruedas, 2013 		Sulawesi Island in Indonesia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Unknown[76] 		 EN 


Unknown  [76]

Rufous horseshoe bat

 

R. rouxii
Temminck, 1835 		Southern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[77] 		 LC 


Unknown  [77]

Ruwenzori horseshoe bat


R. ruwenzorii
Hill, 1942 		Central Africa
  		Size: 5–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, grassland, and caves[78] 		 EN 


Unknown  [78]

Rüppell's horseshoe bat

 

R. fumigatus
Rüppell, 1842 		Sub-Saharan Africa
  		Size: 4–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[79] 		 LC 


Unknown  [79]

Sakeji horseshoe bat


R. sakejiensis
Cotterill, 2002 		Zambia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Savanna[80] 		 DD 


Unknown  [80]

Shamel's horseshoe bat


R. shameli
Tate, 1943 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[81] 		 LC 


Unknown  [81]

Shortridge's horseshoe bat


R. shortridgei
K. Andersen, 1918 		Eastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest[82] 		 DD 


Unknown  [82]

Small rufous horseshoe bat


R. subrufus
K. Andersen, 1905 		Philippines
  		Size: 6–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest and caves[83] 		 DD 


Unknown  [83]

Smaller horseshoe bat

 

R. megaphyllus
Gray, 1834 		Eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves and forest[84] 		 LC 


Unknown  [84]

Smithers's horseshoe bat

 

R. smithersi
Taylor, Stoffberg, Monadjem, Schoeman, Bayliss, & Cotterill, 2012 		Southern Africa Size: 7–9 cm (3–4 in), plus 3–5 cm (1–2 in) tail
6–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Savanna, shrubland, inland wetlands, and caves[85] 		 NT 


Unknown  [85]

Sulawesi broad-eared horseshoe bat


R. tatar
Bergmans & Rozendaal, 1982 		Sulawesi Island in Indonesia Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[86] 		 LC 


Unknown  [86]

Sulawesi horseshoe bat

 

R. celebensis
K. Andersen, 1905 		Indonesia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Forest and caves[87] 		 LC 


Unknown  [87]

Swinny's horseshoe bat


R. swinnyi
Gough, 1908 		Southern Africa
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[6]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and caves[88] 		 LC 


Unknown  [88]

Thai horseshoe bat


R. siamensis
Gyldenstolpe, 1917 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 3–4 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[89] 		 LC 


Unknown  [89]

Thailand horseshoe bat


R. thailandensis
Wu, Harada, & Motokawa, 2009 		Northern Thailand
  		Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
5–7 cm (2–3 in) arm/wing length[11]

Habitat: Forest and caves[90] 		 LC 


Unknown  [90]

Thomas's horseshoe bat

 

R. thomasi
K. Andersen, 1905 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Caves[91] 		 LC 


Unknown  [91]

Timorese horseshoe bat


R. montanus
Goodwin, 1979 		East Timor
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and unknown[92] 		 EN 


Unknown  [92]

Trefoil horseshoe bat

 

R. trifoliatus
Temminck, 1834 		Southeastern Asia
  		Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[9]

Habitat: Forest[93] 		 NT 


Unknown  [93]

Wedge-sellaed horseshoe bat


R. xinanzhongguoensis
Zhou, Guillén-Servent, Lim, Eger, Wang, & Jiang, 2009 		China Size: 5–7 cm (2–3 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest[94] 		 NT 


Unknown  [94]

Willard's horseshoe bat


R. willardi
Peterhans & Fahr, 2013 		Democratic Republic of the Congo Size: 6–8 cm (2–3 in), plus 2–3 cm (1 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Forest and caves[95] 		 EN 


Unknown  [95]

Yaeyama little horseshoe bat


R. perditus
K. Andersen, 1918 		Yaeyama Islands in Japan Size: 3–5 cm (1–2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
4–6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves, inland wetlands, and forest[96] 		 EN 


Unknown  [96]

Yellow-faced horseshoe bat


R. virgo
K. Andersen, 1905 		Philippines
  		Size: 4–6 cm (2 in), plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail
3–5 cm (1–2 in) arm/wing length[4]

Habitat: Caves and forest[97] 		 LC 


Unknown  [97]

Ziama horseshoe bat


R. ziama
Fahr, Vierhaus, Hütterer, & Kock, 2002 		Western Africa
  		Size: 7–8 cm (3 in), plus 3–4 cm (1–2 in) tail
About 6 cm (2 in) arm/wing length[13]

Habitat: Caves and forest[98] 		 EN 


Unknown  [98]

References

edit
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  52. ^ a b Alviola, P. A.; Sedlock, J.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Tanalgo, K.; Cielo, K. L. S.; Garcia, J. J. L.; Cacho, M. A.; Ong, P.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, L. (2019). "Rhinolophus rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19564A21995212. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19564A21995212.en.
  53. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N. (2021). "Rhinolophus philippinensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T19560A21992817. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T19560A21992817.en.
  54. ^ a b Fukui, D. (2019). "Rhinolophus pusillus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T85707059A21994916. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T85707059A21994916.en.
  55. ^ a b Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Csorba, G.; Soisook, P. (2019). "Rhinolophus stheno". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T84383122A21991664. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T84383122A21991664.en.
  56. ^ a b Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19518A21972794. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19518A21972794.en.
  57. ^ a b Jayaraj, V. K. (2020). "Rhinolophus sedulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19565A21994153. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19565A21994153.en.
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  59. ^ a b Srinivasulu, B.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Rhinolophus subbadius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19570A21991844. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19570A21991844.en.
  60. ^ a b Shapiro, J.; Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Fahr, J. (2019). "Rhinolophus maclaudi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19549A21978925. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19549A21978925.en.
  61. ^ a b Csorba, G.; Kingston, T.; Hutson, A. M. (2016). "Rhinolophus madurensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136410A22016850. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136410A22016850.en.
  62. ^ a b Cooper-Bohannon, R. (2020). "Rhinolophus maendeleo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T44783A22067758. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44783A22067758.en.
  63. ^ a b Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Csorba, G.; Soisook, P. (2019). "Rhinolophus malayanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19551A21978424. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19551A21978424.en.
  64. ^ a b Thong, V. D.; Thanh, H. T.; Soisook, P.; Bates, P. J. J.; Csorba, G. (2019). "Rhinolophus marshalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19552A21978274. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19552A21978274.en.
  65. ^ a b Patrick, L.; Ruedas, L. (2017). "Rhinolophus mcintyrei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84372245A84372277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84372245A84372277.en.
  66. ^ a b Juste, J.; Alcaldé, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus euryale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19516A21971185. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19516A21971185.en.
  67. ^ a b Alcaldé, J.; Benda, P.; Juste, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus mehelyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19519A21974380. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19519A21974380.en.
  68. ^ a b Csorba, G.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2016). "Rhinolophus mitratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19554A21993304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19554A21993304.en.
  69. ^ a b Taylor, P. (2019). "Rhinolophus mabuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T64588047A64588304. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T64588047A64588304.en.
  70. ^ a b Shoeman, C. (2017). "Rhinolophus mossambicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T64589126A64589338. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T64589126A64589338.en.
  71. ^ a b Bates, P.; Bumrungsri, S.; Walston, J.; Csorba, G. (2016). "Rhinolophus nereis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19556A21993688. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19556A21993688.en.
  72. ^ a b Sun, K. (2020). "Rhinolophus osgoodi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19557A21992735. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19557A21992735.en.
  73. ^ a b Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Csorba, G.; Mao, X. G. (2019). "Rhinolophus pearsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19559A21993105. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19559A21993105.en.
  74. ^ a b Jayaraj, V. K. (2020). "Rhinolophus robinsoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136496A21976144. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136496A21976144.en.
  75. ^ a b Duya, M. R.; Sedlock, J.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Pedregosa, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Jakosalem, G.; Tanalgo, K.; Cielo, K. L. S.; Garcia, J. J. L.; Cacho, M. A. (2019). "Rhinolophus inops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19545A21978063. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19545A21978063.en.
  76. ^ a b Patrick, L.; Ruedas, L. (2017). "Rhinolophus belligerator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84372084A95642275. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84372084A95642275.en.
  77. ^ a b Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Rhinolophus rouxii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T84379218A21995537. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T84379218A21995537.en.
  78. ^ a b Fahr, J.; Cooper-Bohannon, R. (2020). "Rhinolophus ruwenzorii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T44784A22067834. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44784A22067834.en.
  79. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Griffin, M.; Cotterill, F.; Jacobs, D.; Taylor, P. J. (2017). "Rhinolophus fumigatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19541A21980197. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19541A21980197.en.
  80. ^ a b Cotterill, F. P. D. (2019). "Rhinolophus sakejiensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T44785A22068998. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T44785A22068998.en.
  81. ^ a b Furey, N.; Bates, P. J. J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Csorba, G.; Walston, J.; Thong, V. D. (2020). "Rhinolophus shameli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19566A21993823. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19566A21993823.en.
  82. ^ a b Sun, K. (2020). "Rhinolophus shortridgei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136631A21987430. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136631A21987430.en.
  83. ^ a b Ong, P.; Rosell-Ambal, R. G. B.; Tabaranza, B.; Heaney, D.; Balete, M.; Duya, K. (2016). "Rhinolophus subrufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19571A21992005. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19571A21992005.en.
  84. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Aplin, K. (2021) [amended version of 2017 assessment]. "Rhinolophus megaphyllus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T19553A209537963. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T19553A209537963.en.
  85. ^ a b Taylor, P. (2017). "Rhinolophus smithersi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T64588371A64589277. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T64588371A64589277.en.
  86. ^ a b Patrick, L.; Ruedas, L. (2017). "Rhinolophus tatar". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T84372447A84372450. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T84372447A84372450.en.
  87. ^ a b Bouillard, N.; Hutson, A. M.; Suyanto, A.; Kingston, T. (2021). "Rhinolophus celebensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T19530A21980994. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T19530A21980994.en.
  88. ^ a b Monadjem, A.; Cotterill, F. (2017). "Rhinolophus swinnyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T19572A21992092. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T19572A21992092.en.
  89. ^ a b Tu, V.; Furey, N.; Görföl, T.; Csorba, G. (2019). "Rhinolophus siamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136651A21990143. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136651A21990143.en.
  90. ^ a b Bouillard, N. (2021). "Rhinolophus thailandensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T82348077A82348673. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T82348077A82348673.en.
  91. ^ a b Thong, V. D.; Thanh, H. T.; Soisook, P.; Bates, P. J. J.; Csorba, G. (2019). "Rhinolophus thomasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19573A21990671. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19573A21990671.en.
  92. ^ a b Armstrong, K. N.; Csorba, G. (2021) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Rhinolophus montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136248A209538154. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T136248A209538154.en.
  93. ^ a b Huang, J. C. -C. (2020). "Rhinolophus trifoliatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T19574A21990821. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19574A21990821.en.
  94. ^ a b Zhou, Z.; Jiang, X. (2017). "Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T82348701A82349975. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T82348701A82349975.en.
  95. ^ a b Monadjem, A. (2020). "Rhinolophus willardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T82346260A82347169. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T82346260A82347169.en.
  96. ^ a b Fukui, D.; Sano, A. (2020). "Rhinolophus perditus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T85707170A85707174. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T85707170A85707174.en.
  97. ^ a b Duya, M. R.; Alviola, P. A.; Sedlock, J.; Alvarez, J.; Fidelino, J.; Gatan-Balbas, M.; Veluz, M. J.; Jakosalem, P. G. (2019). "Rhinolophus virgo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19575A21991148. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T19575A21991148.en.
  98. ^ a b Cooper-Bohannon, R.; Monadjem, A. (2020). "Rhinolophus ziama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T44786A22068674. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44786A22068674.en.

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