Wikipedia

List of sovereign states in the 1860s

This is a list of sovereign states in the 1860s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1860 and 31 December 1869. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states.

Sovereign states

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A

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Name and capital city Information on status and recognition of sovereignty

A

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 Abuja – Abuja Emirate
Capital: Abuja 		Widely recognized state.
  Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
Capital: Kabul 		Widely recognized independent state.
 Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr[1]
Capital: Agadez 		Widely recognized state.
  →   Andorra – Principality of Andorra[2]
Capital: Andorra la Vella 		Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain.
  Anhalt – Duchy of Anhalt (from 1863 to 1 July 1867)
Capital: Dessau 		Widely recognized independent state to 1 July 1867. Member of the German Confederation. State of the North German Confederation from 1 July 1867.
  Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg (to 1863)
Capital: Bernburg 		Widely recognized independent state to 1863. Member of the German Confederation. Merged into the re-unified Duchy of Anhalt in 1863.
  Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau (to 1863)
Capital: Dessau 		Widely recognized independent state to 1863. Member of the German Confederation. Merged into the re-unified Duchy of Anhalt in 1863.
 Angoche – Angoche Sultanate[3]
Capital: Angoche 		Widely recognized independent state.
  Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole[4]
Capital: Mbarara 		Widely recognized state.
 Annam – Empire of Annam
Capital: Phú Xuân 		Widely recognized state. Internal imperial system within Chinese tributary.
 Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
Capital: Monsol 		Widely recognized state.
  →   Argentina[5]
Capital: Paraná (to 12 December 1861), Buenos Aires (from 12 December 1861) 		Widely recognized state.
  Aro – Aro Confederacy
Capital: Arochukwu 		Widely recognized state.
  Ashanti – Asante Union[6]
Capital: Kumasi 		Widely recognized state.
  Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa[7]
Capital: Aussa 		Widely recognized state.
  →   Austria (to 29 May 1867), Austria-Hungary (from 29 May 1867)
Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania)
  • Austrian Empire (to 29 May 1867)
  • Austro-Hungarian Empire (29 May 1867)
 Widely recognized state.

B

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  •   Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
  •  Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
  •  Bamana – Bamana Empire (to 1861)
  •  Baol – Kingdom of Baol
  •  Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland (to 1868)
  •   Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
  •   Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
  •   Benin – Benin Empire
  •  Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
  •   Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
  •   Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
  •  Bornu – Bornu Empire
  •   Brazil – Empire of Brazil
  •   Bremen – Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (to July 1, 1867)
  •   Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
  •   Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick (to July 1, 1867)
  •   Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
  •   Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
  •   Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
  •   Burma – Kingdom of Burma
  •  Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

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D

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E

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F

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  •  Fante – Fante Confederacy (from 1868)
  •  Fiji – Tui Viti
  •   France – Empire of the French
  •   Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt (to October 8, 1866)
  •  Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
  •  Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

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H

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  •   Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
  •   Haiti – Republic of Haiti
  •   Hamburg – Free City of Hamburg (to 1867)
  •   Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover (to September 20, 1866)
  •   Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
  •   Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
  •   Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg (to 1866)
  •   Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse (to 1866)
  •   Holstein – Duchy of Holstein (to 1866)
  •   →   Honduras – Republic of Honduras
  •   Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine

I

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  •   Italy – Kingdom of Italy (from March 17, 1861)

J

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K

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of Khiva

  •  Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
  •  Kong – Kong Empire
  •   Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
  •   Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
  •  Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

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  •   Liberia – Republic of Liberia
  •   Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
  •   Limburg – Duchy of Limburg (to 1866)
  •  Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
  •   Lippe – Principality of Lippe (to July 1, 1867)
  •  Loango – Kingdom of Loango
  •  Luba – Luba Empire
  •   Lübeck – Free City of Lübeck (Lubeck) (to 1867)
  •  Lunda – Lunda Empire
  •   Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

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N

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O

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P

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R

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  •   Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
  •  Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
  •   Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga
  •   Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line (to July 1, 1867)
  •   Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line (to July 1, 1867)
  •   →   Romania - United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
  •   Russia – Russian Empire
  •  Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
  •   Ryukyu – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

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T

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  •   Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
  •  Tonga
    • Tu'i Tonga (to 1865)
    • Kingdom of Tonga (from 1865)
  •   Toro – Toro Kingdom
  •  Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
  •   Transvaal – South African Republic
  •   →   Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (to February 12, 1861)

U

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  •   United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  •   →   →   →   →   United States – United States of America
  •   Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

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W

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Y

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  •  Yeke – Yeke Kingdom
  •  Yamma – Kingdom of Yamma

Z

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Non-sovereign territories

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United Kingdom

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States claiming sovereignty

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  •   Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
  •   Alabama – Republic of Alabama (from January 11 to February 4, 1861)[14][15][16][17]
  •   Araucanía and Patagonia – Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (from November 17, 1860 to January 5, 1862)
  •  Arkansas – Republic of Arkansas (from May 6 to May 18, 1861)
  •   Buenos Aires – State of Buenos Aires
  •   →   →   →   →   →   Confederate States – Confederate States of America (from February 4, 1861 to May 5, 1865)
  •   Couto Misto (to June 23, 1868)
  •   Cuba – Republic of Cuba (from October 10, 1868)
  •  Ezo – Republic of Ezo (from December 15, 1868 to June 27, 1869)
  •   Florida – Republic of Florida (from January 10 to February 4, 1861)
  •  Goust – Republic of Goust
  •   Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
  •   Louisiana – Republic of Louisiana (from January 26 to February 4, 1861)[18][19][20][21]
  •  Manitobah – Republic of Manitobah (from June 1867 to 1868)
  •   Mississippi – Republic of Mississippi (from January 9 to February 1, 1861)
  •   North Carolina – Republic of North Carolina (from May 20 to May 21, 1861)
  •   Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth (from January 22, 1863 to June 18, 1864)
  •   →   South Carolina – Republic of South Carolina (from December 20, 1860 to February 8, 1861)[22][23][24][25][26]
  •  Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (to July 1864)
  •   Tennessee - Republic of Tennessee (from June 8 to July 2, 1861)
  •   Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara
  •   Texas – Republic of Texas (from February 1 to March 2, 1861)
  •   Virginia – Republic of Virginia (from April 17 to May 7, 1861)

References

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  1. ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
  2. ^ "Andorra". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. November 3, 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  3. ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. New Delhi, India: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  4. ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Argentina". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2021-11-16. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
  6. ^ "Asante empire". Britannica. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  7. ^ Thesiger, Wilfred (1935). "The Awash River and the Aussa Sultanate". The Geographical Journal. 85 (1): 1–19. Bibcode:1935GeogJ..85....1T. doi:10.2307/1787031. JSTOR 1787031.
  8. ^ Jansen, Marius; Hall, John Whitney; Kanai, Madoka; Twitchett, Denis (1989). The Cambridge History of Japan. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22352-0. One can date the 'restoration' of imperial rule from the edict of January 3, 1868.
  9. ^ Mathews, George D. (December 31, 1884). Alliance of the Reformed Churches Holding the Presbyterian System: Minutes and Proceedings of the Third General Council : Belfast 1884. Assembly's office – via Google Books. Republic of Orange Free State
  10. ^ Kerr, Robert Pollok (December 31, 1888). The People's History of Presbyterianism in All Ages. Presbyterian Committee of Publication – via Google Books.
  11. ^ Churches, World alliance of reformed (December 31, 1884). Report of proceedings [afterw.] Minutes and proceedings [afterw.] Proceedings of the first (-fifteenth) General Presbyterian council [afterw.] general council of the Presbyterian alliance [afterw.] Alliance of the reformed Churches holding the Presbyterian system – via Google Books. Republic of Orange Free State
  12. ^ Royal Blue Book: Fashionable Directory and Parliamentary Guide. December 31, 1899 – via Google Books. Republic of Orange Free State
  13. ^ The Gospel in All Lands. proprietor. December 31, 1895 – via Google Books. Republic of Orange Free State
  14. ^ Smith, William Russell (1861). The History and Debates of the Convention of the People of Alabama, Begun and Held in the City of Montgomery, on the Seventh Day of January 1861: In which is Preserved the Speeches of the Secret Sessions and Many Valuable State Papers. White, Pfister & Company – via Google Books. Republic of Alabama
  15. ^ Virginia (1861). Annual Reports of Officers, Boards and Institutions of the Commonwealth of Virginia – via Google Books. Republic of Alabama
  16. ^ Journal of the House of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky... State Journal Company. 1861 – via Google Books. Republic of Alabama
  17. ^ Congress, United States (1858). The Congressional Globe. Blair & Rives – via Google Books. Republic of Alabama
  18. ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1864 – via Google Books. Republic of Louisiana
  19. ^ Congress, United States (1859). Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, from 1789 to 1856. D. Appleton – via Google Books. Republic of Louisiana
  20. ^ Lossing, Benson John (1866). Origins of rebellion to the Battle of Bull's Run. G. W. Childs – via Google Books. Republic of Louisiana
  21. ^ The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year. 1864 – via Google Books. Republic of Louisiana
  22. ^ The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year. D. Appleton and Company. 1868 – via Google Books. Republic of South Carolina
  23. ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1870 – via Google Books. Republic of South Carolina
  24. ^ Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1864 – via Google Books. Republic of South Carolina
  25. ^ The American Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events ...: Embracing Political, Civil, Military, and Social Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton. 1863 – via Google Books. Republic of South Carolina
  26. ^ The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events: Embracing Political, Civil, Military, and Social Affairs: Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry. D. Appleton & Company. 1870 – via Google Books. Republic of South Carolina
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