This is a list of Roman temples dedicated to the deified emperor Hadrian. Such a temple was called a Hadrianeum.
- A temple was constructed in Caesarea in connection with a visit by Hadrian. It may have continued to function as a pagan temple into the 6th century.[1]
- The temple was begun after an earthquake in 123, when Hadrian arrived to oversee rebuilding. It was finished in 139. The foundations and column drums still survive, showing it to have been the largest Greco-Roman temple ever built.[2] According to John Malalas, there was a marble bust of Hadrian in the pediment.[3] Drawings of this bust and some of the other sculptures were made by Cyriacus of Ancona in the mid-fifteenth century. It is also depicted on contemporary Cyzicene coins.[4]
- The temple was built after Hadrian's death by Publius Vedius Antoninus. It contained a triumphal gate in imitation of the Arch of Hadrian in Athens.[3]
- The great Temple of Hadrian in Rome was built by his successor, Antoninus Pius, in 145.[5]
- A temple here has been dated to the reign of Antoninus Pius. The remains of an emperor's statue have been tentatively identified as Hadrian.[3]
- Construction of a temple in Tiberias was begun but perhaps not completed. It was until recently known only from the late 4th-century testimony of Epiphanius of Salamis, who received it from Joseph of Tiberias, who claimed to have built a church on the never completed Hadrianeum, which itself had been converted into a public bath.[6] The remains of this temple were discovered in 2004.[7] It was probably constructed in 119/120 in connection with a local issue of coinage by Hadrian.[8]
References
edit- ^ Lee I. Levine, Caesarea Under Roman Rule (E. J. Brill, 1975), pp. 42 and 188n.
- ^ Vermeule, Cornelius C. (1965). "A Greek Theme and Its Survivals: The Ruler's Shield (Tondo Image) in Tomb and Temple" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 109 (6): 376. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 986138.
- ^ a b c Cornelius Clarkson Vermeule, Roman Imperial Art in Greece and Asia Minor (Belknap Press, 1968), pp. 255–258.
- ^ Vermeule, Cornelius C. (1965). "A Greek Theme and Its Survivals: The Ruler's Shield (Tondo Image) in Tomb and Temple" (PDF). Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 109 (6): 377. ISSN 0003-049X. JSTOR 986138.
- ^ Amanda Claridge, Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide (Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 40–41.
- ^ Gregory William Stoehr, The End of Pagan Temples in Roman Palestine (PhD diss., University of Maryland, 2018), pp. 107–108.
- ^ Yizhar Hirschfeld and Eran Meir, "Tiberias – 2004", Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel 118 (2006). JSTOR 2658413.
- ^ Marcus Sigismund, "Small Change? Coins and Weights as a Mirror of Ethnic, Religious and Political Identity in 1st/2nd Century C.E. Tiberias", in Jürgen Zangenberg, Harold W. Attridge and Dale B. Martin (eds.), Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Ancient Galilee: A Region in Transition (Mohr Siebeck, 2007), p. 329.