Wikipedia

List of trolleybus systems

(Redirected from List of trolley bus systems)

This is a list of cities where trolleybuses operate, or operated in the past, as part of the public transport system. The original list has been divided to improve user-friendliness and to reduce article size. Separate lists—separate articles in Wikipedia—have been made for the following countries:

(Dark blue) show that trolleybus networks in operation, including bus rapid transit networks and (Blue) show that trolleybus networks in operation, without bus rapid transit networks, (light blue) show that trolleybus networks planned (as new or reconstruction) and (Red) show that Countries that had trolleybus networks before and (light gray) Countries that never had trolleybus networks.

This page also provides references that are applicable to all parts of the complete list.

Bold typeface for a location city indicates an existing trolleybus system, currently in operation (temporary suspensions not counted), or a new system currently under construction.

Africa

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Algeria

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Algiers 1934 1974
  Constantine - - Construction started 1914, not completed.
1921 1963 (?)
  Oran 17 May 1939 1969 (?)  

Egypt

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Cairo 1950 22 October 1981  

Morocco

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A trolleybus on the dual BRT system in Marrakesh
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Casablanca 1932 May 1972  
  Marrakesh 29 September 2017[1][2]   See also Trolleybuses in Marrakesh.
  Tétouan Apr 1950 Nov 1975 Suburban line to Martil.

South Africa

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Bloemfontein 16 December 1915 Oct 1937  
  Boksburg 25 March 1914 10 October 1925  
  Cape Town 1930

21 December 1935

-

28 February 1964

Demonstration

See also Trolleybuses in Cape Town.

  Durban 24 February 1935 11 April 1968 See also Trolleybuses in Durban.
  Germiston 19 August 1914 1918  
  Johannesburg 1930

26 August 1936

-

10 January 1986

Demonstration.

See also Trolleybuses in Johannesburg.

  Pretoria 1 July 1939 21 February 1972 See also Trolleybuses in Pretoria.

Tunisia

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Tunis 1945 1970  

Americas

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Argentina

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A Russian Trolza trolleybus in Rosario
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  (Bahía Blanca)     Completed 1954, not opened.
TBA Buenos Aires 4 June 1948 30 April 1966  
Emir SA, TECSA, TAMSE Córdoba 7 May 1989   See Trolleybuses in Córdoba.
  La Plata December 1954 25 December 1966  
  Mar del Plata 1956 1963 (?)  
EPTM, STM Mendoza 16 October 1913

14 February 1958

1915 (?)

February 2021

See Trolleybuses in Mendoza.
EMTR, DMT, M. Fierro, Ecobus, SEMTUR Rosario 24 May 1959   Operation suspended 1 January 1993 – 25 January 1994, during transition to a new operator and fleet.
See also Trolleybuses in Rosario.
Dirección Provincial del Transporte. Tucumán 23 July 1955 28 April 1962  Three routes, fleet of 25 Henschel coaches.

Brazil

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Main article: List of trolleybus systems in Brazil

Canada

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Main article: List of trolleybus systems in Canada

Chile

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Valparaíso 31 December 1952   Operation suspended 1 December 1981 - circa May 1982, reopened after sale to a new, private operator.[3][4]
See also Trolleybuses in Valparaíso.
ENT/ETCE Santiago 31 October 1947 ca. November 1978 Also experimental operation in 1940[5] with a single vehicle.[6]
ETS 24 December 1991 9 July 1994[7]

Colombia

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Bogotá 12 April 1948 15 August 1991  
  Medellín 12 October 1929 1951 An experimental trolleybus line, using one vehicle, operated on the campus of the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana from 30 November 2011 until December 2012.[8] A trolleybus system for Medellín is proposed (as of 2013).[9]

Cuba

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  (La Habana /Havana) (18 September 1949) ? Test operation, see note.
  • Note: Tests began 18 September 1949 along tramway lines using "all-service vehicles" (dual-mode buses) purchased secondhand from Newark, New Jersey, US. The tests did not involve building new or converting existing supply because Havana's tramway had twin-wire overhead. Regular service was not operated.

Ecuador

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Quito 18 December 1995   See Trolleybuses in Quito

Mexico

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Sistecozome Guadalajara 15 December 1976[10]   Limited, free service initially; full service began on 9 January 1977.[10] See Trolleybuses in Guadalajara.
STE Ciudad de México /Mexico City 9 March 1951   See note. See also Trolleybuses in Mexico City.
  • Note: The Mexico City trolleybus system was long thought to have opened in April 1952, but is now known to have opened more than a year earlier, in March 1951.[11][12] Previous to that, there was an experimental line, for testing without passengers, in 1947 or 1948.

Peru

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Lima July 1928 13 June 1931  

Trinidad and Tobago

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Port of Spain 1 October 1941 31 December 1956  

United States

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Main article: List of trolleybus systems in the United States

Uruguay

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Name of companies Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
AMDET (1951–1976)
COOPTROL (1975–1992) 		Montevideo 28 March 1951 26 January 1992  

Venezuela

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Transbarca (Barquisimeto)     Partially constructed, 2006–2012 (not continuous­ly), and very limited demonstration service operated on one section from November 2012 to circa early 2013, but system did not open for regular service, and project was cancelled in July 2013.[13] See Trolleybus usage by country#Venezuela for more information.
Tranvías Eléctricos de Caracas Caracas July 1937 1949 (?)  
Tromerca Mérida 18 June 2007 c. mid-2016[14] Introductory service, Sundays only, started 26 November 2006. System opened (regular, daily service) on 18 June 2007.[15] Service gradually converted to diesel bus operation in 2015–16; no formal closure announcement, but trolleybus service not expected to resume.[14] See Trolleybuses in Mérida.
  Valencia 1941 1947 (?)  

Asia

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Afghanistan

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Kabul Feb 1979 1993 See also Trolleybuses in Kabul

Armenia

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Gyumri 29 November 1962 2005  
  Yerevan 15 August 1949   See Trolleybuses in Yerevan.

Azerbaijan

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Baku 5 December 1941 30 June 2006 See also Trolleybuses in Baku.
  Ganja 1 May 1955 2004 See also Trolleybuses in Ganja, Azerbaijan.
  Mingaçevir 15 April 1989 31 March 2006 See also Trolleybuses in Mingachevir.
  Nakhchivan 3 November 1986 April 2004[16] See also Trolleybuses in Nakhchivan (city).
  Sumqayıt 28 April 1961 31 December 2005 See also Trolleybuses in Sumqayit.

China

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Trolleybus sign in China
 
Youngman JNP6183BEV trolleybus in Beijing
Name of system City Province Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Anshan Liaoning 1 January 1975 1 July 2000  
  Beijing — 26 February 1957   See Beijing Bus.
  Benxi Liaoning 1 July 1960 1 May 1998  
Baoding Hebei 29 December 2018 [17][18][19][20] As of 2021, trolleybuses temporarily replaced by battery-electric buses due to construction.[21]
  Changchun Jilin 1 July 1960 1 May 2001  
Wuyang Meikuang (五阳煤矿) Trolleybus[22] Changzhi Shanxi An independent system owned by Lu'an Environmental Energy Development Co., Ltd. serving Wuyang Coal Mine and nearby areas
  Chengdu Sichuan 1 January 1962 10 January 1996  
  Chongqing — 24 December 1955 23 May 2004  
  Dalian Liaoning 1 October 1960    
Datong Shanxi 15 January 1985 1990s 3 km mining commuter trolleybus from Xinergou to Wajinwan Mine opened in 1985;[23] extended June 1988 on both ends from Silaogou to Wangcun Mine for total length of 16 km.[24]
  Fuzhou Fujian 28 September 1983 14 March 2001  
  Guangzhou Guangdong 30 September 1960    
  Hangzhou Zhejiang 26 April 1961    
  Harbin Heilongjiang 31 December 1958 26 June 2008  
  Jilin City Jilin 1 October 1960 2000  
  Jinan Shandong 1 January 1977   See Trolleybuses in Jinan.
Xiaohengshan Meikuang (小恒山煤矿) Trolleybus Jixi Heilongjiang 2016 An independent system owned by Jixi Mining Group Co., Ltd. serving Xiaohengshan Coal Mine and nearby areas
  Lanzhou Gansu 1 January 1959 6 May 2008  
  Luoyang Henan 1 October 1984    
  Nanchang Jiangxi 1 July 1971[25] 20 June 2009  
  Nanjing Jiangsu 1 August 1960 10 January 1996  
  Qingdao Shandong 21 October 1960    
  Qiqihar Heilongjiang 16 February 1959 14 March 2002  
  Shanghai — 15 November 1914   See Trolleybuses in Shanghai.
  Shenyang Liaoning 1 November 1951 20 June 1999
See also: 1998 Shenyang trolleybus electrocution accident
Yangzhuang Meikuang (杨庄煤矿) Trolleybus Feicheng / Tai'an Shandong An independent system owned by Shandong Energy Feicheng Mining Group Co., Ltd. serving Yangzhuang Coal Mine and nearby areas.
  Taiyuan Shanxi 1 May 1960   Taiyuan Public Transport Holdings, Ltd. owned system
Xishan Meidian (西山煤电) Trolleybus Taiyuan Shanxi Guandi / 官地线 end at 5 May 2016 A two routes (Guandi / 官地线 and Duerping / 杜儿坪线) independent system owned by Xishan Coal Electricity Group Co., Ltd. serving the factory and nearby areas.
  Tianjin — 1 July 1951 15 July 1995  
  Tianshui Gansu 10 July 1958 1961  
Wuhan Hubei 20 September 1958   Wuhan Public Transport Group Co., Ltd. owned system
Wuhan Gangtie (武汉钢铁) Trolleybus Wuhan Hubei 1 October 1962 2006[26] An independent system owned by Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Co.[26][5] serving the factory and nearby areas
  Xi'an Shaanxi 1 October 1959 14 January 2009  
Xi'an Shaanxi 9 February 1983 Commuting trolleybus line for an artillery factory in Tianwang.
Chaohua Meikuang (超化煤矿) Trolleybus Xinmi/Zhengzhou Henan March 2016 An independent system owned by Zhengzhou Coal Industry (Group) Co., Ltd. serving Chaohua Coal Mine and nearby areas
Niu'erzhuang Meikuang (牛儿庄煤矿) Trolleybus Niu'erzhuang/Handan Hebei January 2010 An independent system owned by Jizhong Energy Group serving Niu'erzhuang Mine and nearby areas
Xingtai Meikuang (邢台煤矿) Trolleybus Xingtai Hebei March 2012 An independent system owned by Jizhong Energy Group serving Xingtai Mine and nearby areas
  Zhengzhou[27] Henan 1 May 1979 15 January 2010
1 January 2021[28]   New eBRT trolleybus introduced along BRT Route B2.[29][30]
Zibo Shandong Trolleytrucks in the Shandong Jinling Mine.

Georgia

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ZiU-9 trolleybus in Gori
Name of System Location Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Batumi 6 November 1978 2005 Included two interurban lines to Makhinjauri and Khelvachauri.
  Chiatura 7 November 1967 2008 Interurban line to Sachkhere.
  Gori 30 April 1972 24 March 2010 Included interurban lines to the villages of Tiniskhidi and Ortasheni.
  Kobuleti     Construction started 1990 - 1991 of interurban line to Makhinjauri (terminus of a line from Batumi), not completed.
  Kutaisi 11 September 1949 25 July 2009 Service suspended 14 January 2007 – November 2007
  Ozurgeti 27 November 1980 June 2006 Included interurban line to Dvabzu village.
  Poti 20 January 1980 December 2004 Included interurban line to Maltakva village.
  Rustavi 16 February 1971 24 September 2009 Service suspended in 2000
  Samtredia 28 August 1982 2000? Included interurban line to Kulashi village.
  Sukhumi 3 January 1968   Service suspended August 1992 - 1995
  Tbilisi 21 April 1937 4 December 2006 [31]
  Tskhinvali 25 June 1982 December 1990  
  Zestaponi     Construction started 1990 - 1991, not completed.
  Zugdidi 24 February 1986 July 2009 Service suspended 1992 - 1995

India

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Delhi 1935 1962  
  Mumbai 11 June 1962 24 March 1971  
  • Note: In Kolkata (Calcutta), trial operation with a single trolleybus on a short test line took place in 1977.

Iran

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Tehran 14 September 1992[32]   Service suspended from 2013 to 2016.[33] See Trolleybuses in Tehran.

Japan

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Trolleybus on tunnel line in Tateyama
 
Underground trolleybus in Kurobe Dam
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Shin-Hanayashiki Onsen-tochi
(新花屋敷温泉土地) 		Hanayashiki 1 August 1928 April 1932 Hanayashiki is part of Kawanishi, Hyogo
[34]
Kawasaki-shiei Trolleybus
(川崎市営トロリーバス) 		Kawasaki 1 March 1951 30 April 1964 [35]
Kanden Tunnel Trolleybus Ōgizawa Station – Kurobe Dam 1 August 1964 30 November 2018 Trolleybuses have been replaced with autonomous electric buses from April 2019.
Tateyama Tunnel Trolleybus Daikanbō – Murodō 23 April 1996 30 November 2024 (scheduled)[36] Trolleybuses to be replaced with electric buses from April 2025.[37]
Kyōto-shiei Trolleybus
(京都市営トロリーバス) 		Kyoto 1 April 1932 30 September 1969 [34]
Nagoya-shiei Trolleybus
(名古屋市営トロリーバス) 		Nagoya 10 May 1943 15 January 1951 [35]
Ōsaka-shiei Trolleybus
(大阪市営トロリーバス) 		Osaka 1 September 1953 14 June 1970 [34]
Toei Trolleybus
(都営トロリーバス) 		Tokyo 20 May 1952 28 September 1968 [35]
Yokohama-shiei Trolleybus
(横浜市営トロリーバス) 		Yokohama 16 July 1959 31 March 1972 [35]

Notes for the two tunnel trolleybus lines:

Both lines are part of the Tateyama Kurobe Alpine Route. This passes through Chūbu-Sangaku National Park (also known in English as "Japan Alps National Park").

Kazakhstan

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Aqtobe 11 August 1982 July 2013 Service suspended February 4 until 12 June 2013.[38]
  Almaty[39] 20 April 1944    
  Astana 18 January 1983 30 September 2008  
  Atyrau 4 September 1996 29 April 1999  
  Novaya Bukhtarma 1 January 1975 1980  Trolleybus to cement plant, closed because of inconvenience as line was built to terminate 900 meters away from the plant.[40]
  Petropavl 25 December 1971[41] 1 June 2014  Closed due to bankruptcy.[42]
  Karaganda 30 May 1967 20 April 2010  
  Qostanay 28 December 1989 2005 Closed in 2005;[43] contact network fully dismantled in 2011.[44]
  Shymkent 11 January 1969 October 2005 Some operation reported during 2005, none during 2006.[43]
  Taraz 10 April 1980  December 2013 Service suspended from the December 2013 under the pretext of water infrastructure repairs. Fully dismantled 13/3/2017.[45]
  • Note: A Russian-language source [1] states that system in the city of Turkistan became an unrealised project.

Kyrgyzstan

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
(Balykchy)[46] Trolleybus infrastructure built along a 5.8 km long path from 1992-1994, never operated.
  Bishkek 13 January 1951[47]    
(Jalal-Abad)[48] Work terminated in 1991.
  Naryn 30 October 1994[49]   Service suspends every summer, June till September.
  Osh 1 November 1977[50]    

Malaysia

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  George Town 19 Mar 1924[5]: 84  31 July 1961[5] See Trolleybuses in George Town, Penang.

Mongolia

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Ulaanbaatar 29 October 1987[51]    

Myanmar

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Yangon 17 August 1936 by 1942[52]  

Nepal

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Trolleybus in Kathmandu in 1993
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Kathmandu 28 December 1975 November 2008[53] Service suspended 19 December 2001 – 1 September 2003. See Trolleybuses in Kathmandu.

North Korea

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See also: Trams and trolleybuses in North Korea
 
Chollima-091 trolleybus in Pyongyang
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Anju[54]  1987 (Anju to Namhung Youth Chemical Complex)

24 August 1993 (Anju to near Sinanju Chongnyon station)[55]

 2000 (Namhung Youth Chemical Complex to Anju)[54] Assumed route

Segment around Namhung Youth Chemical Complex is a one way, counter-clockwise loop, closed around 2000. Poles remain in parts of the route.

Operated with Chollima-74 trolleybuses.[56]

  Chongjin[57] 20 October 1970   3 lines; trolleybus formerly duplicated part of tram route on main road, later removed.[58]
  Hamhung 1973[59]   Assumed routes

Another branch to Ryongsung existed, for a total length of about 15 km. It was dismantled in the early 2000s.[60]

Huichon 7 km long line,[61] has at least two new Chollima-321 trolleybuses.
  Hochon[62] 1993  trolleybuses removed since 2020 Connects Sangnong-rodongjagu with Sangnong mine.[63] Assumed route.
♦ Sangnong Mine Cargo trolleybus line in Sangnong mine as ore transport, replacing previous locomotive based ore transport system.[64]
Hongwon Cargo trolleybus line in Rochon Quarry, Unpho Mine, replacing previous truck based ore transportation system, operated with trolleybuses converted by the mine.[65]
  Jonchon[66] possible late 2000s A line serving February 8 General Machine Factory. A trolleybus was located within the machine plant between 2011-2014. A depot was built in 2017, but its roof was destroyed in 2021, revealing two trolleybuses.[66]
  Kanggye[67] 17 April 1992   A single trolleybus line via a riverbank. Assumed route
Kapsan 10-ri (3.9 km) long trolleybus line from a mining village to (presumably) Kapsan mine.[68]
  Kimchaek[69] 17 May 1985   Long distance line (9.1 km) from Kimchaek–Sinpyong-dong–Haksong-dong–Jangbong with the depot in Sinpyong. The line was truncated to just Kimchaek to the depot at Sinpyong-dong between 2011 and 2012, to a length of 4.4 km.[69]
Kujang Commuter trolleybus in Ryongdung-rodongjagu, connecting to Ryongdung Mine. Two ex-Pyongyang Chollima-72 trolleybuses.[70]
Kumya Commuter trolleybus line connecting Kaljon-rodongjagu with Kumya Youth Mine. An unbuilt second stage was to extend the trolleybus line from the edges of the worker's district to within the district itself.[71]
Manpo[72] December 2019[73][74] 5 km line opened in 2019, first stage from Kunmak-dong to Pyolo-dong.[73][74]
  Nampo[75]   Trolleybus service was normalised in 2021.[76]
Onsong[77] 15 January 1996[78] before 2004 Connects Onsong railway station to the Wangjaesan Grand Monument.[79] Bidirectional line with only one set of overhead wires. Line is likely mothballed, no trolleybuses seen in satellite imagery.
 Pyongsong Transport Company[80] Pyongsong[81] 4(?) Aug 1983   One line within Pyongsong.[82] Other line usually considered to be part of Pyongsong Assumed route
  Pyongyang 30 April 1962   See Trolleybuses in Pyongyang.
♦Unjong-guyok: Paesan-dong to Kwangmyong-dong[83] Originally built 1990s

Split between 1996-2005

The district is now part of Pyongyang, it was split off from Pyongsong's network during that period of time into its own, completely separate line.
  Sangwon[84] 29 March 1995[85]   5 km long trolleybus route connecting Myongdang-rodongjagu to the Sangwon Limestone Mine, via the Sangwon Cement Complex. The line was built and operated by the Sangwon Cement Complex.[86]
  Sariwon[87]  19 June 1999[88] Assumed route. Served by two Ikarus 280 converted articulated trolleybuses only. Other three vehicles stored.
Sinhung trolleybuses removed since 2017 A 4.1km bidirectional, one way line serving Sinhung Workers' District.

The line is currently mothballed.[89]

Sinpyong Likely closed since 2000s[90] One 2 km line serving Mannyon-rodongjagu, likely with overhead on only one side of the road.[91]
  Sinuiju[92] 1978[59] 

late 1980s (to Ragwon Machine Complex)

 2005-2009 (Sinuiju Chongnyon station to Ragwon Machine Complex) Operation suspended 2018 to October 2020, restarted with Chollima-321 bodied trollebuses that were likely to be rebuilds based on Chollima-82 chassis.

Current line is a one way loop around city.

9km long interurban line existed from late 1980s until closed between 2005 and 2009 during reconstruction of highway. Services replaced by buses.[93]

Sudong 1979[59] As South Korea does not recognise geographical changes within north Korea, it is labeled as Kowon sometimes.[59] It was split from Kowon County in 1990. A trolleybus is said to exist for Kowon coal mine, with an unknown state of operation.[94] Black and white 2011 google earth imagery shows a plausible trolleybus loop and 800m of poles along the eastern side of a roadway that disappear under the train station due to cloud cover. No trolleybuses are visible.

Received Chollima 9.25 from Pyongyang for opening.[95]

Sunchon Articulated trolleybus production started in 1990, with plans to also supply trolleybuses to Anju, Pyongsong, Sunchon and Tokchon.[96]
Tanchon 1986 No trolleybuses visible after 2011, loop near Kumgol station demolished before 2015.[97] A line in Kumgol Youth station to Kumgol-3-dong for miners and residents serving the Komdok mine.[98][99] 6.2 km long. 3 trolleybus seen near Kumgol station in 2011.

Probably closed due to 2012 North Korean floods.

Tanchon Trolleybus was to be built in the Sindanchon (new Tanchon) district.[100]
Tokchon 27 April 1990 around 2014 Trolleybus movements were no longer observed after 2014. Prior to that, satellite imagery captured trolleybus movement in the city.[101]
Unhung 1980s 4 new trolleybuses delivered for operation of commuter trolleybus connecting miners' town to Unhung Mine.[102]
Unsan 1980s Commuter trolleybus in Kubong-rodongjagu connecting to Ryongdae Mine, with a length of 10-ri (3.9 km).[103]
  Wonsan[104] 8 September 1988 A single line via city's main thoroughfare. Assumed route. Received new Chollima-321 trolleybuses.[105]

Philippines

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Manila Feb 1929 Dec 1941  

Saudi Arabia

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Riyadh 23 April 2013[106]   System in the campus of the King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences.[106]

Singapore

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Singapore 14 August 1926 15 December 1962 See also Trolleybuses in Singapore.

Sri Lanka

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Colombo 22 July 1953 1 December 1964  

Tajikistan

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Dushanbe 2 May 1955   See Trolleybuses in Dushanbe.
  Khujand 3 November 1970 September 2010 Service suspended 15 May 2008 – 17 August 2009. Since ~2006 service extremely unstable due to power outages. Officially service closed in April 2013.

Turkey

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The trolleybus system of Malatya opened in 2015 and uses vehicles that were mostly Turkish-built
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Ankara 1946 1981  
İstanbul Elektrik Tramvay ve Tünel İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü Istanbul 27 May 1961 16 July 1984 Trolleybuses operated only on European side.[107]
  İzmir July 1954 Sep 1992 See Trolleybuses in Izmir.
Trambüs Malatya 10 March 2015  
Trambüs Sanliurfa 28 April 2023 [108]    

Turkmenistan

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Ashgabat 19 October 1964 31 December 2011 See Trolleybuses in Ashgabat.

Uzbekistan

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Andijan 30 April 1970 March 2002[109]  
  Bukhara 1 December 1987 September 2005[110]  
  ♦ Bukhara - Kagan     Reported as complete but not yet open (Trolleybus Magazine).
  Jizzakh 26 August 1997 3 January 2010  
  Ferghana 23 February 1971 July 2003 Service suspended 1999 - March 2002.
  ♦ Ferghana- Margilan 1971 1999?  
  Qorako‘l A single line under construction since 1995. Project abandoned in 1997.
  Namangan 4 April 1973 3 January 2010 In service ~2001? - 2010 only interurban line (see below)
  ♦ Namangan-Turakurgan ~2001? 3 January 2010 Construction started in 1996
  Nukus 14 December 1991 July 2007  
  Olmaliq 20 December 1967 February 2009 Service closed after a serious accident at a electricity substation. In the last few years of operation, the condition of vehicles deteriorated and work cars were used on routes.[111]
  Samarkand 20 December 1957 2005  
  Tashkent 7 November 1947 30 April 2010  
  ♦ Urgench- Khiva 20 October 1997   See Trolleybuses in Urgench.
  • Note: A Russian-language source "Электротранспорт в городах бывшего СССР". Archived from the original on 16 December 2012. states that systems were under construction in the following locations:
  • Angren
  • Chirchiq
  • Guliston
  • Qarshi
  • Kokand
  • Navoiy
  • Termez
  • Yangiabad

Vietnam

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Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Hanoi 15 December 1986 15 July 1993 Trolleybuses replaced previously liquidated tram network; a total of 19 trolleybuses were built on the chassis of various trucks. Throughout its operation, the condition of the system was poor, with vehicles running at 5 to 10 km/h.[112]

Europe

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Austria

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Solaris Trollino 18 in Salzburg
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Elektrischer Oberleitungs-Automobil-Verkehr der Stadt Gmünd / Trolejbusová doprava v Gmündu Gmünd 12 July 1907 14 July 1916 See also Elektrischer Oberleitungs-Automobil-Verkehr der Stadt Gmünd (in German); city divided after World War I; see České Velenice Czech Republic.
Graz 1 October 1941 29 June 1967  
  Innsbruck 8 April 1944 29 February 1976  
17 December 1988 25 February 2007 [113]  
Judenburg 10 December 1910 1914 See also Gleislose Bahn Judenburg (in German).
Mürztaler Verkehrs-Gesellschaft Kapfenberg 1 July 1944 31 March 2002 System included line extending to Bruck an der Mur; see also Oberleitungsbus Kapfenberg (in German).
Klagenfurt 1 August 1944 16 April 1963  
Elektrischer Oberleitungs-Automobil-Betrieb der Gemeinde Weidling Klosterneuburg 22 May 1908 Dec 1919 See also Elektrischer Oberleitungs-Automobil-Betrieb der Gemeinde Weidling (in German), connected Klosterneuburg and Weidling railway station.
Leoben 1 March 1949 13 July 1973 See also Oberleitungsbus Leoben (in German).
Liesing 17 July 1909 8 January 1920 See also Elektrische Oberleitungsbahn Liesing–Kalksburg (in German), connected Liesing and Kalksburg, today part of Vienna.
Linz 15 May 1944   See also Linz trolleybus network [de]
Salzburg 1 October 1940   See Trolleybuses in Salzburg.
  Vienna      
Gleislose Bahn Pötzleinsdorf–Salmannsdorf ♦ Pötzleinsdorf - Salmannsdorf 14 October 1908 30 October 1938 See also Gleislose Bahn Pötzleinsdorf–Salmannsdorf (in German).
♦ Währinger Gürtel - Salmannsdorf 9 October 1946 2 December 1958 See also Oberleitungsbus Wien (in German).

Goods (freight) line (trolleytruck):

Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Sankt Lambrecht 16 November 1945 21 April 1951 Limited passenger service operated [2].

Belarus

edit
Main article: Trolleybuses in Belarus
 
AKSM-420 Vitovt in Minsk
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Babruysk 30 August 1978    
  Brest 20 April 1981   See Trolleybuses in Brest, Belarus.
  Homiel 20 May 1962    
  Hrodna 5 November 1974    
Kosino 1950s A cargo trolleybus system in the 'Pobeda' collective farm, Lahoysk.[114]
  Mahilyow 19 January 1970    
  Minsk 19 September 1952   The second largest network in world (after Moscow); see Trolleybuses in Minsk
Snov 1950s 1960s A cargo trolleybus system in the Kolkhoz named after Mikhail Kalinin.[115]
  Vitebsk 1 September 1978    
  • Note: Plans were announced in 2001 for new systems in:

Baranovichi

Barysaw

Lida

Molodechno

Novopolotsk

Orsha

Pinsk

Polotsk

Soligorsk

(Trolleybus Magazine)

Belgium (by province)

edit

Antwerp (Antwerpen)

edit
Name of System Location Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Antwerp 14 August 1929 31 March 1964  

Brussels

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Brussels 18 April 1939 15 February 1964  

East Flanders (Oost-Vlaanderen)

edit
Name of System Location Date (From) Date (To) Notes
  Ghent 24 March 1989 14 June 2009 Operation suspended 9 April 2004 – 17 October 2005.

Liège

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Liège 31 July 1930 9 November 1971  
RELSE ♦ Liège - Seraing 15 May 1936 31 August 1964 This system operated a unique group of double-ended trolleybuses with driving positions at both ends.[116]

Bosnia-Herzegovina

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
GRAS Sarajevo Sarajevo 23 November 1984   Operation suspended April 1992 - 27 November 1995 because of war, after war network was renewed and trolleybuses still drive in Sarajevo.

Bulgaria

edit
 
Ex-Bern trolleybus in Ruse
Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Blagoevgrad     Construction started during the late 1980s, not completed.
Burgas 25 September 1989   See also Trolleybuses in Burgas.
Gabrovo 17 April 1987 24 March 2013[117]  
Gorna Oryahovitsa     Construction started during the late 1980s, partially completed but never in service. The line was supposed to connect the towns of Gorna Oryahovitsa and Lyaskovets with planned connection to the system in Veliko Tarnovo.
Dimitrovgrad     Construction started during the late 1980s, partially completed but never in service.
Dobrich 9 September 1987 30 June 2014  
Haskovo 1990    
Kazanlak 1 May 1986 10 January 1999  
Pazardzhik 1 June 1993    
Pernik 20 September 1987 30 March 2015  
Pleven 7 October 1985    
Plovdiv 6 January 1956 October 2012 See also Trolleybuses in Plovdiv.
Ruse 9 September 1988   See also Trolleybuses in Ruse.
Shumen     Construction started during the late 1980s, partially completed but never in service.
Sliven 24 May 1986    
Sofia 14 February 1941

1 May 1948

9 September 1944

-

See also Trolleybuses in Sofia.
Stara Zagora November 1987   See also Trolleybuses in Stara Zagora.
Varna 1 January 1986   See also Trolleybuses in Varna.
Veliko Tarnovo 1991 31 March 2009 See also Trolleybuses in Veliko Tarnovo.
Vidin   Construction started during the late 1980s, partially completed but never in service.
Vratsa 1988    
Yambol     Construction started during the late 1980s, not completed.

Croatia

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Rijeka 27 October 1951 16 August 1969  
  Split 1964 1968  

Czech Republic

edit
 
Škoda 27Tr Solaris trolleybus in Plzeň
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Brno 30 July 1949    
until 1914: Gleislose Bahn Budweis, modern system: Dopravní podnik města České Budějovice (trolejbusová síť) České Budějovice 1909 1914 First of three systems. For the first system, see Gleislose Bahn Budweis (in German), the German name for the first system, because České Budějovice was part of Austria-Hungary until 1918.
28 October 1948 24 April 1971  
2 May 1991    
Trolejbusová doprava v Gmündu / Elektrischer Oberleitungs-Automobil-Verkehr der Stadt Gmünd České Velenice 16 July 1907 14 July 1916 See also Trolejbusová doprava v Gmündu (in Czech)
  Chomutov–Jirkov 1 September 1995    
  Děčín 6 January 1950 14 December 1973  
  Hradec Králové 2 May 1949    
  Jihlava 19 December 1948    
  Mariánské Lázně 27 April 1952   See also Trolleybuses in Mariánské Lázně.
  Most and Most–Litvínov 1948 31 January 1959  
  ♦ Litvínov 6 December 1946 31 January 1959  
  Opava 24 August 1952    
  Ostrava 9 May 1952    
  Pardubice 20 January 1952    
  Plzeň 9 April 1941    
  Prague 29 August 1936 15 October 1972 See also Trolleybuses in Prague.
15 October 2017   Single 1-km-long testing track built in 2017 to evaluate feasibility of a new trolleybus system[118]

See also Trolleybuses in Prague.

  Teplice 1 May 1952    
  Ústí nad Labem 1 July 1988    
  Zlín–Otrokovice 27 January 1944    

Denmark

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
KS København /Copenhagen 21 May 1938

2 August 1993 (dual-mode[119])

15 October 1963

Oct 1998

Also 1902 demonstration.[120][121]
NESA ♦ Hellerup, København 1 February 1927 17 October 1971  
OS Odense 8 August 1939 19 November 1959 [122]

Estonia

edit
 
Solaris T18AC in Tallinn
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Tallinna Linnatranspordi AS (TLT) Tallinn 6 July 1965 All service temporarily suspended since 1 November 2024; planned to resume with new vehicles in 2026.[123]
  Tartu 1936 1936 Demonstration/test line.[124]

Finland

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Helsinki /Helsingfors 5 February 1949

7 April 1979

14 June 1974

30 October 1985

[125][126]
  Tampere 8 December 1948 15 May 1976 [127]

France

edit
Main article: List of trolleybus systems in France

Germany

edit
Main article: List of trolleybus systems in Germany

Greece

edit
 
A trolleybus in Athens in 2009
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
OSY formerly IEM, ILPAP Athens 27 December 1953    
IEM, ILPAP Piraeus 1948[5]   Service connection with Athens network built 1988. Piraeus system now operated as part of Athens system.

Hungary

edit
 
Ziu-9 trolleybuses in Debrecen
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Budapest 16 December 1933 21 September 1944  
21 December 1949    
  Debrecen 2 July 1985    
  Szeged 1 May 1979    

Italy

edit
Main article: List of trolleybus systems in Italy

Latvia

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Rīgas satiksme Rīga 6 November 1947   See Rīgas Satiksme.[128]

Lithuania

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Kauno autobusai Kaunas 31 December 1965   [5][129]
Vilniaus viešasis transportas Vilnius 27 November 1956   [5][130] See Trolleybuses in Vilnius.

Moldova

edit
 
A Belkommunmash AKSM-321 trolleybus in Bender, Moldova.
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Î.M. Direcția de troleibuze Bălți Bălți 12 June 1972   See Transport in Bălți
Regia Transport Electric Chișinău (RTEC) Chişinău 12 October 1949   See Trolleybuses in Chișinău
  Solonceni 1 May 1992 3 January 1994 2.9-km line connecting residential area of Solonceni village to administrative and employment centers.[131]
  Tighina (Russian: Bendery / Бендеры) 1996    
  Tiraspol 1 November 1967    
  ♦ Tiraspol - Tighina 19 June 1993    

The Netherlands

edit

Gelderland

edit
 
Trolleybus in Arnhem
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Arnhem 5 September 1949   See Trolleybuses in Arnhem.
  Nijmegen 9 July 1952 29 March 1969  

Groningen

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Groningen 27 June 1927 9 November 1965  

South Holland (Zuid-Holland)

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  (Rotterdam)     see note.
  • Note for Rotterdam: Trolleybus overhead installed in the Maas tunnel in 1941, on instructions from German military authorities. Not used.

Norway

edit
 
Trolleybus in Bergen
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Tide Bergen 24 February 1950   [132] See Trolleybuses in Bergen.
Drammen Kommunale Trikk Drammen 15 December 1909 10 June 1967 [133] See Trolleybuses in Drammen.
AS Oslo Sporveier Oslo 15 December 1940 15 February 1968 [134] See Trolleybuses in Oslo.
Stavanger Buss-Selskap Stavanger 26 October 1947 12 January 1963 [135] See Trolleybuses in Stavanger.

Poland

edit
 
A trolleybus in Lublin
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Bydgoszcz 1943 27 January 1945  
  Dębica 12 November 1988 Oct 1990 See also Trolleybuses in Dębica.
  Gdańsk 18 September 1943 1945  
  Gdynia 18 October 1943   Two lines extend to the adjoining town of Sopot.
See also Trolleybuses in Gdynia.
  Gorzów Wielkopolski 23 July 1943 30 January 1945  
  Jelenia Góra 1944 1945  
  Legnica 10 November 1943

15 September 1949

January 1945

31 December 1956

 
  Lublin 21 July 1953   See also Trolleybuses in Lublin
  Olsztyn 1 September 1939

10 December 1946

1945

31 July 1971

 
  Poznań 12 February 1930

1 March 1946

20 January 1945

29 March 1970

 
  Słupsk 22 July 1985 18 October 1999 See also Trolleybuses in Słupsk.
  Tychy 1 October 1982   See also Trolleybuses in Tychy.
  Wałbrzych 27 October 1944 30 June 1973  
  Warsaw 5 January 1946

1 June 1983

29 June 1973

31 August 1995

See Trolleybuses in Warsaw.
  Wrocław 16 March 1912 1914  

Portugal

edit
 
Trolleybus in Coimbra
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Braga 28 May 1963 10 September 1979  
  Coimbra 16 August 1947 March 2021[136] Service was suspended temporarily in March 2021, but the suspension was made permanent in July 2024.[136] See Trolleybuses in Coimbra.
  Porto 1 January 1959 27 December 1997  

Romania

edit
 
Irisbus Agora trolleybus in Cluj-Napoca

First trolleybus system in Romania opened in Chernivtsi on 1 February 1939. Today, the city is part of Ukraine.

Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
SC Urbis SA Baia Mare 16 February 1996    
SC Brăicar SA Brăila 23 August 1989 1999  
part of the RAT network Brașov 1 May 1959    
STB București 10 November 1949    
CTP Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca 7 November 1959    
RATC Constanța Constanța 5 July 1959 3 December 2010[137] System included interurban lines to Mamaia.
RAT Craiova Craiova 9 May 1943 Oct 1944 New trolleybus system was planned in 2008,[138] but the plans have not come to fruition.
Transurb Galați Galați 23 August 1989    
RATP Iași Iași 1 May 1985 4 March 2006  
SC Meditur Mediaș Mediaș 22 December 1989   The only city in Romania that is not a county seat, and that has a trolleybus network
SC Troleibuzul SA Piatra Neamț 22 December 1995 20 September 2019[139] System included suburban lines to Dumbrava Roșie and Săvinești.
RATP Ploiești Ploiești 1 September 1997    
SC Transurban SA Satu Mare 15 November 1994 9 March 2005  
SC Tursib SA Sibiu 4 August 1904 18 October 1904 See also Gleislose Bahn Hermannstadt (in German) for the old system, the German name for the first system, because this part of Romania was part of Austria-Hungary until 1918.
17 August 1983 14 November 2009[140] See also Tursib, the system's operator after mid-1998.
SC Loctrans SA Slatina 30 May 1996 31 March 2006  
SC Transport Public Local SA Suceava 15 August 1987 2 April 2006  
SC Transport Public SA Târgoviște 4 January 1995 August 2005  
SC Transloc SA Târgu Jiu 20 June 1995   System includes interurban line to Bârsești.
RATT Timișoara 15 November 1942   System includes interurban lines to Dumbrăvița and Ghiroda
SC Transurb SA Vaslui 1 May 1994 July 2009  
4 August 2023   Underwent a complete reconstruction in 2011–2016. Test runs with 3 used trolleybuses from Salzburg carried out in spring 2016.[141] Reopened in 2023 after delivery of 10 new Solaris trolleybuses.

Russia

edit
Main article: List of trolleybus systems in Russia
 
Trolleybus in Novosibirsk

Serbia

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
GSP Belgrade Belgrade 22 June 1947   See Trolleybuses in Belgrade.

Slovakia

edit
 
Škoda 31Tr SOR in Bratislava
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Banská Bystrica 24 August 1989   Operation was suspended 1 January 2006 – 10 November 2007.
Name of the first system Gleislose Bahn Preßburg–Eisenbrünnl Bratislava 19 July 1909

31 July 1941

1915

-

see Gleislose Bahn Preßburg–Eisenbrünnl (in German), the German name for the first system, because Slovakia was part of Austria-Hungary until 1918.
  Košice 27 September 1993 30 January 2015 System's closure was initially a suspension of service due to major road construction in city center, but it was later decided not to reopen the system.[142]
However, the system reopened on 10 March 2019, with limited passenger service (only on Sundays).[citation needed]
Gleislose Bahn Poprád–Ótátrafüred Poprad 2 August 1904 August 1906 See also Trolejbusová doprava vo Vysokých Tatrách (in Slovak) or Gleislose Bahn Poprád–Ótátrafüred (in German), the German name for the first system, because Slovakia was part of Austria-Hungary until 1918.
  Prešov 13 May 1962    
  Žilina 17 November 1994    

Slovenia

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Ljubljana 6 October 1951 4 September 1971  
Gleislose Bahn Pirano–Portorose Piran 24 October 1909 19 July 1912 See also Piranski trolejbus (in Slovene) or Gleislose Bahn Pirano–Portorose (in German), the German name for the first system, because Slovenia was part of Austria-Hungary until 1918, the first trolleybus system on the Balkans.

Spain

edit
Main article: List of trolleybus systems in Spain

Sweden

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Göteborg 2 October 1940 14 November 1964 [3].
  Landskrona 27 September 2003   [143] [4].
  Stockholm 20 January 1941 30 August 1964 [5].
  Västerås 11 November 1938 1948 1 km demonstration line [6].

Switzerland

edit
Main article: List of trolleybus systems in Switzerland

Turkey

edit

See Asia section of list, above. Although trolleybuses served the European part of Istanbul, the country's three other trolleybus systems (and a fourth under construction currently) were or are all located in the Asian part of Turkey.

Ukraine

edit
Main article: List of trolleybus systems in Ukraine

United Kingdom

edit
Main article: List of trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom

Oceania

edit

Australia

edit
 
Adelaide in Australia had a trolleybus system from 1937 to 1963.

New South Wales

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
  Sydney:     See also Trolleybuses in Sydney.
  ♦ City 22 January 1934 12 April 1948  
  ♦ Kogarah 3 July 1937 29 August 1959  

Queensland

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Brisbane City Council Brisbane 2 August 1951 13 March 1969 See also Trolleybuses in Brisbane.

South Australia

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Municipal Tramways Trust Adelaide 2 March 1932

5 September 1937

11 August 1934

12 July 1963

Experimental.

-
See also Trolleybuses in Adelaide.

Tasmania

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Hobart City Council; Municipal Tramways Trust Hobart 29 October 1935 24 November 1968 See also Trolleybuses in Hobart
Launceston City Council; Metropolitan Transport Trust Launceston 21 December 1951 26 July 1968 See also Trolleybuses in Launceston, Tasmania.

Western Australia

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Western Australian Government Tramways
(1 October 1933 to June 1960)
Metropolitan (Perth) Passenger Transport Trust
(June 1960 to 29 August 1969) 		Perth 1 October 1933 29 August 1969 See also Trolleybuses in Perth.

New Zealand

edit
 
A trolleybus in Wellington, New Zealand
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Farmers Trading Company Auckland 19 December 1938   Private; absorbed by ATB 1960s
Auckland Transport Board, then Auckland Regional Authority Auckland 24 September 1949 26 September 1980  
Christchurch Tramway Board Christchurch 5 July 1931 8 November 1956
New Plymouth City Council New Plymouth 30 October 1950 7 October 1967
Dunedin City Transport & Electricity Department Dunedin 24 December 1950 31 March 1982 World's southernmost trolleybus system.
Wellington City Council Wellington 29 September 1924
20 June 1949 		May 1932
31 October 2017 		See also Trolleybuses in Wellington.

United States (territories only, in Oceania)

edit

Hawaii (Territory of)

edit
Name of system Location Date (from) Date (to) Notes
Honolulu Rapid Transit Company Limited Honolulu 1936 - Demonstration
1 January 1938 22 June 1957  

See also

edit

References

edit
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  2. ^ "Marrakech trolleybus route inaugurated". Metro Report. Railway Gazette International. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020.
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  4. ^ Morrison, Allen. "The Trolleybuses of Valparaíso, Chile". www.tramz.com.
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Books

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  • Gregoris, Paolo; Rizzoli, Francesco; and Serra, Claudio. 2003. "Giro d'Italia in filobus" (ISBN 88-7785-193-7). Cortona: Editore Calosci.
  • Jones, David. Australian Trolleybuses. Wellington: City Tramway Publications.
  • Mackinger, Gunter. 1979. "Obus in Österreich" (ISBN 3-900134-62-6). (Eisenbahn-Sammelheft Nr. 16.) Wien: Verlag Slezak.
  • Millar, Sean. 1986. "Trolleybuses in New Zealand" (ISBN 0-908726-20-1). Auckland: Millar Publishing.
  • Murray, Alan. 2000. "World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia" (ISBN 0-904235-18-1). Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks.
  • Pabst, Martin. 1989. "Tram & Trolley in Africa" (ISBN 3-88490-152-4). Krefeld: Röhr Verlag GMBH.
  • Peschkes, Robert. "World Gazetteer of Tram, Trolleybus, and Rapid Transit Systems."
    • Part One, Latin America (ISBN 1-898319-02-2). 1980. Exeter, UK: Quail Map Company.
    • Part Two, Asia+USSR / Africa / Australia (ISBN 0-948619-00-7). 1987. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
    • Part Three, Europe (ISBN 0-948619-01-5). 1993. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
    • Part Four, North America (ISBN 0-948619-06-6). 1998. London: Rapid Transit Publications.
  • Sebree, Mac, and Paul Ward. 1974. "The Trolley Coach in North America" (Interurbans Special 59). Los Angeles: Interurbans.
  • Stock, Werner. 1987. "Obus-Anlagen in Deutschland" (ISBN 3-926882-00-X). Bielefeld: Hermann Busch Verlag.
  • "Straßenbahnatlas ehem. Sowjetunion" / "Tramway Atlas of the former USSR" (ISBN 3-926524-15-4). 1996. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn, in conjunction with Light Rail Transit Association, London.
  • "Straßenbahnatlas Rumänien" (compiled by Andreas Günther, Sergei Tarkhov and Christian Blank; ISBN 3-926524-23-5). 2004. Berlin: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Blickpunkt Straßenbahn.
  • Tarkhov, Sergei. 2000. "Empire of the Trolleybus: Vol 1 - Russia" (ISBN 0-948619-02-3). London: Rapid Transit Publications.
  • 吉川文夫 (Yoshikawa, Fumio). 1995.　日本のトロリーバス (Nippon no "trolleybus") (ISBN 4-88548-066-3). Tokyo: kk Denkisha-kenkyûkai.

Periodicals

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  • "Trolleybus Magazine" (ISSN 0266-7452). National Trolleybus Association (UK). Bimonthly.
  • Tarkhov, Sergei and Dmitriy Merzlov. "North Korean Surprises - Part 3". (Trolleybus Magazine No. 246, November–December 2002).
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