Little Flower Mission operated from 1938 to 1942 and it was a mission to Eastern Arrernte people who were living in and around the township of Alice Springs.[1] The mission was established by Catholic missionaries, part of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart order.[2]
Establishment
editDr. Charles Duguid, a Presbertyrian social reformer and Aboriginal rights activist, inspired the creation of the mission after sharing his condemnation of conditions for Aboriginal people in Alice Springs.[3] Responding to Duguid's call the mission was established in 1935 by Catholic priest Father Patrick Moloney and the lay missionary Francis McGarry.[1]
Father Moloney, who had previous experience establishing missions (Palm Island in 1931 and Menindee in 1933) originally planned for the mission to seek Aboriginal people who had little contact with Europeans but, after 2 unsuccessful expeditions into the desert, he decided that Eastern Arrernte fringe-dwellers in Alice Springs, would be the most amenable to the mission and also some of the most in need. At this time McGarry wrote home to his family that many of the Eastern Arrernte people that he met were "in such a deplorable condition" and that there was "practically no food".[1] This lack of food, caused by the devastating impacts of colonisation, was a major factor that attracted so many Arrernte people to the many missions that were established in Alice Springs. Wenten Rubuntja, who would go on to become a famous Aboriginal artist, recalled that "all the priests would feed people" and that "all those churches were all right - they were all holy".[4]
The mission was established 1 October 1935, on the feast day of St Therese of Lisieux, which is also known as 'Little Flower' and it was initially located in the Alice Springs town centre; on Bath Street. It is often said that McGarry played a uniquely pivotal roll in the mission and this is because Father Moloney believed that St Therese had meant the Mission to be McGarry's, not his, as officially it had to be.[1]
At the new mission, McGarry fed, clothed, and taught Aboriginal children at the presbytery every day and, after interest from the adults, began teaching adult catechism classes, too. This drew ire from many people living in Alice Springs who were horrified and told Moloney that he was "the most popular man in the town until you brought those black children into our town," and that in trying to teach the children "it was like giving strawberries to pigs".[5] It was this resistance, and that the town was a prohibited area, that necessitated the move of the mission to Charles Creek in 1937.
Move to Charles Creek
editThe missions new location on the Charles River, nearby the Alice Springs Telegraph Station (which was then operating at The Bungalow), was on the town's northern boundary and was still only a short walk to the presbytery. To allow this move the government agreed to increase the size of the Aboriginal Reserve around the Telegraph Station and it came to include all the land on the eastern side of the Charles River as far south as it met with the Todd River; this significantly increased the grazing land for the Bungalow's goat herd which supplied milk for the children.[5]
At this new site McGarry, and the newly arrived Brother Ed Bennett,[1] sank a well and built a schoolroom, kitchen and laundry; working side-by-side with Arrernte men from the mission.[3] Following the completion of these buildings, and after forming an advisory council of 8 senior Aboriginal men, they pegged out plots on the mission site for each family and built Wurlies on them. These wurlies, arranged into 'streets', were made of wooden framework and covered with old iron, bags and grass.[1] These wurlies, called ‘Camp IV’, were not approved by the government and regularly drew ire from Alice Springs residents who complained about the proximity of the camp to town.[1]
A mission census in April 1937 counted 113 people in residence at the mission: sixty children, twenty six women and twenty seven men; living in thirty seven wurlies. By August 1938 there were 140 people living at the mission in thirty nine wurlies: fifty children, forty women and fifty men. The mission continued to grow and, by February 1940, the population had reached 221.[6]
Move to Arltunga
editIn 1942, following the bombing of Darwin, the mission was forced to move from Alice Springs as the town became a base and large numbers of soldiers moved to the town. The mission was ordered to relocate approximately 100 km north to Arltunga, a former mining town, which is now the Arltunga Historical Reserve.[1] According to testament of former residents, many people died there and children were separated from their families for extended periods of time.[7]
McGarry was asked to leave the mission shortly after the move was completed; likely due to his fraught relationship with the sisters of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart.[1]
At this site it became known as the Arltunga Mission[2] and, in 1953, it moved again to Santa Teresa (now known as: Ltyentye Apurte Community).[8]
People associated with Little Flower Mission
editCommemoration
editLittle Flower Court, in the Anthelk-Ewlpaye (Charles Creek) Town Camp, is named for the mission and it is located on the original site of the mission.[9][6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Francis McGarry and the 'little flower black mission': Encounters of a Catholic lay missionary with indigenous people of central Australia 1935-1944". Ninti One. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Little Flower Mission - Summary | Find & Connect". www.findandconnect.gov.au. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ a b MALONE, Peter. "REAPPRAISING ASPECTS OF MISSION ACTIVITY". misacor.org.au. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ Rubuntja, Wenten, approximately (2002). The town grew up dancing : the life and art of Wenten Rubuntja. Green, Jenny (Jennifer Anne), Rowse, Tim, 1951-. Alice Springs, NT: Jukurrpa Books. ISBN 1-86465-042-7. OCLC 51852790.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Traynor, Stuart (2016). Alice Springs : from singing wire to iconic outback town. Mile End, South Australia. ISBN 978-1-74305-449-9. OCLC 958933012.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Find & Connect Web Resource Project, The University of Melbourne and Australian Catholic University. "Thesis - Aboriginal Town Camps and Tangentyere Council:The Battle For Self-Determination in Alice Springs - Find & Connect - Northern Territory". www.findandconnect.gov.au. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ O'brien, Kirsty. "Central Australian mission to find stolen roots". AM. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
- ^ "Arltunga Mission - Summary | Find & Connect". www.findandconnect.gov.au. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
- ^ "Place Names Register". www.ntlis.nt.gov.au. Retrieved 1 February 2020.
External links
edit- Find and Connect; Little Flower Mission (1935 - 1942): https://www.findandconnect.gov.au/guide/nt/YE00025
- National Archives of Australia; Tracking Family: A Guide to Aboriginal Records Relating to the Northern Territory: http://guides.naa.gov.au/tracking-family/