Liuguiguo (Chinese: 流鬼國; lit. 'State of the Floating Demons') is the toponym for the Liugui people documented in old Chinese records, including the Xin Tangshu, Zizhi Tongjian, and Wenxian Tongkao.[1] Its location is uncertain, being placed by some in the area of Kamchatka and others beyond to the northeast.[1] The description on Matteo Ricci's map corresponds with what is known from these texts, both the Xin Tangshu and Zizhi Tongjian referring to furs, the former also to their inability to ride.[1] A Liugui "tribute embassy" to the Tang in the fourteenth year of Zhenguan (640) is also documented.[1]

Detail of Matteo Ricci's Kunyu Wanguo Quantu showing Liugui 流鬼, with the nearby caption "the people live in caves, wear skins, and know not how to ride"「人穴居皮服不知騎」

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  1. ^ a b c d Ptak, Roderich (2018). "Gouguo, the "Land of Dogs," on Ricci's World Map". Monumenta Serica: Journal of Oriental Studies. 66 (1): 74 ff. doi:10.1080/02549948.2018.1467098. S2CID 159015012.