Wikipedia

Live at Leeds

This article is about the live album by The Who. For other uses, see Live at Leeds (disambiguation).

Live at Leeds is the first live album by English rock band the Who, recorded at the University of Leeds Refectory on 14 February 1970 and released on 11 May 1970, by Decca and MCA in the United States[2] and by Track and Polydor in the United Kingdom. It is the band's only live album that was recorded with the classic line-up of lead vocalist Roger Daltrey, guitarist Pete Townshend, bassist John Entwistle and drummer Keith Moon.

Live at Leeds
Live album by
the Who
Released11 May 1970 (1970-05-11)
Recorded14 February 1970
VenueUniversity of Leeds Refectory, Leeds, UK
GenreHard rock[1]
Length37:43
Label
Producer
The Who chronology
Tommy
(1969) 		Live at Leeds
(1970) 		Who's Next
(1971)
Singles from Live at Leeds
  1. "Summertime Blues" / "Heaven and Hell"
    Released: June 1970

The Who were looking for a way to follow up their 1969 album Tommy, and had recorded several shows on tours supporting that album, but disliked the sound. Consequently, they booked the show at Leeds University, along with one at Hull City Hall the following day, specifically to record a live album. Six songs were taken from the Leeds show, and the cover was pressed to look like a bootleg recording. The sound was significantly different from Tommy and featured hard rock arrangements that were typical of the band's live shows. Live at Leeds has been reissued on several occasions and in several different formats. Since its release, it has been ranked by several music critics as one the greatest live albums and rock recordings of all time.[1][3][4]

Background

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By the end of the 1960s, particularly after releasing Tommy in May 1969, The Who had become cited by many as one of the best live rock acts in the world. According to biographer Chris Charlesworth, "a sixth sense seemed to take over", leading them to "a kind of rock nirvana that most bands can only dream about".[5] The band were rehearsing and touring regularly, and Townshend had settled on using the Gibson SG Special as his main stage instrument; its lightweight and thin body allowed him to play faster than other guitars.[6] He began using Hiwatt amplifiers that allowed him to get a variety of tones simply by adjusting the guitar's volume level.[7][a]

The group were concerned that Tommy had been promoted as "high art" by manager Kit Lambert and thought their stage show stood in equal importance to that album's rock-opera format.[10] The group returned to England at the end of 1969 with a desire to release a live album from concerts recorded earlier in the US. However, Townshend balked at the prospect of listening to all the accumulated recordings to decide which would make the best album, and, according to Charlesworth, instructed sound engineer Bob Pridden to burn the tapes,[5][b] an order Townshend retrospectively called "one of the stupidest decisions of my life."[12]

Two shows were consequently scheduled, one at the University of Leeds and the other in Hull, for the express purpose of recording and releasing a live album. The Leeds concert was booked and arranged by Simon Brogan, who later became an assistant manager on tour with Jethro Tull.[13] The shows were performed on 14 February 1970 at Leeds and on 15 February at Hull, but technical problems with the recordings from the Hull gig — the bass guitar had not been recorded on some of the songs — made it all the more necessary for the show from the 14th to be released as the album.[5] Townshend subsequently mixed the live tapes, intending to release a double album, but then decided on a single album with six tracks.[14] The full show opened with Entwistle's "Heaven And Hell" and included most of Tommy, but these were left off the album in place of earlier hits and more obscure material.[15] According to David Hepworth, because there was no microphone pointed towards the audience, crowd noise was a "distant presence, as distant as the traffic outside," making the recording "a faithful account of what the band played and nothing more."[16]

Songs

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University of Leeds Refectory stage circa 2019

The album opens with "Young Man Blues", an R&B tune that was a standard part of the Who's stage repertoire at the time. It was extended to include an instrumental jam with stop-start sections. "Substitute", a 1966 single for the band, was played similarly to the studio version. "Summertime Blues" was rearranged to include power chords, a key change, and Entwistle singing the authority figure lines (e.g.: "Like to help you son, but you're too young to vote") in a deep-bass voice.[17] "Shakin' All Over" was arranged similar to the original, but the chorus line was slowed down for effect, and there was a jam session in the middle.[18]

Side two begins with a 15-minute rendition of "My Generation", which was greatly extended to include a medley of other songs and various improvisations. These include a brief extract of "See Me, Feel Me" and the ending of "Sparks" from Tommy, and part of "Naked Eye" that was recorded for the follow-up album Lifehouse (which was ultimately abandoned in favour of Who's Next). The album closes with "Magic Bus", which included Daltrey playing harmonica and an extended ending to the song.[19]

Release

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The rubber-stamped cover of the bootleg Live'r Than You'll Ever Be inspired the cover

The original LP was released on 11 May 1970. The cover was designed by Graphreaks with the rubber stamp logo created by Beadrall Sutcliffe. It resembled that of a bootleg LP of the era, parodying the Rolling Stones' Live'r Than You'll Ever Be.[20] It contains plain brown cardboard with "The Who Live at Leeds" printed on it in plain blue or red block letters as if stamped on with ink (on the original first English pressing of 300, this stamp is black). The original cover opened out, gatefold-style, and had a pocket on either side of the interior, with the record in a paper sleeve on one side and 12 facsimiles of various memorabilia on the other, including a photo of the band from the My Generation photoshoot in March 1965,[21] handwritten lyrics to the "Listening to You" chorus from Tommy, the typewritten lyrics to "My Generation", with hand written notes, a receipt for smoke bombs, a rejection letter from EMI,[22] and the early black "Maximum R&B" poster showing Pete Townshend wind-milling his Rickenbacker. The first pressing included a copy of the contract for The Who to play at the Woodstock Festival.[23]

The label was handwritten and included instructions to the engineers not to attempt to remove any crackling noise. This is probably a reference to the clicking and popping on the pre-remastered version (such as in "Shakin' All Over"). Modern digital remastering techniques allowed this to be removed, and also allowed some of the worst-affected tracks from the gig to be used; on CD releases, the label reads, "Crackling noises have been corrected!"[24]

Reissues

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The album was reissued on CD in 1995. It included most of the Leeds concert, missing most of the performance of "Tommy" except for one song.[25] A further expanded edition of the album was released in 2001, this time with the complete concert, although not in the original running order.[26]

For the 40th anniversary of the concert, a box set was released with the complete show at Leeds, and at Hull the following day. Part of the bass track from the Hull show was missing from the master tape, which was replaced with the performance from the Leeds gig where necessary.[27] In 2017, the album was reissued on heavyweight vinyl, with a replica of the original 1970 LP's packaging.[26]

Critical reception

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Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic     [28]
Blender     [29]
Christgau's Record GuideB[30]
The Encyclopedia of Popular Music     [31]
Entertainment WeeklyA+[32]
Mojo     [33]
Q     [33]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide     [34]
Uncut     [33]

In a review for The New York Times, music critic Nik Cohn praised Live at Leeds as "the definitive hard-rock holocaust" and "the best live rock album ever made".[1] Jonathan Eisen of Circus magazine felt that it flowed better than Tommy and that not since that album had there been one "quite so incredibly heavy, so inspired with the kind of kinetic energy that The Who have managed to harness here."[35] Greil Marcus, writing in Rolling Stone, was less enthusiastic and said that, while Townshend's packaging for the album was "a tour-de-force of the rock and roll imagination", the music was dated and uneventful. He felt that Live at Leeds functioned simply as a document of "the formal commercial end of the first great stage of [The Who's] great career."[36]

In Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau asserted that, although side one was valuable for the live covers and "Substitute", the "uncool-at-any-length" "Magic Bus" and "My Generation" were not an improvement over their "raw" album versions.[30] In a retrospective review for AllMusic, Bruce Eder felt that the album was seen as a model of excellence for live rock and roll during the 1970s; that it was The Who's best up to that point, and that there was "certainly no better record of how this band was a volcano of violence on-stage, teetering on the edge of chaos but never blowing apart."[28] In a review of its 1995 CD reissue, Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly asserted that it showed why The Who were important: "Few bands ever moved a mountain of sound around with this much dexterity and power."[32] Mojo magazine wrote that "the future for rock as it became, in all its pomp and circumstance, began right here."[33] Steven Hyden, writing for PopMatters, said that it was "not only the best live rock 'n' roll album ever, but the best rock album period."[4] Roy Carr of Classic Rock, reviewing the 2010 reissue, remarked how the new Live at Hull section "is noticeably more tight, more focused and even more aggressive" than the original recording, concluding that "we now have the two greatest live rock albums...ever."[3]

Who biographer Dave Marsh has praised the album as "so molten with energy at times it resembles the heavy metal of Deep Purple and the atomic blues of Led Zeppelin ..... absolutely non-stop hard rock".[37]

Accolades

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Blue plaque at the University of Leeds commemorating the album

Live at Leeds has been cited as the best live rock recording of all time by The Daily Telegraph,[38] The Independent,[39] the BBC,[40] Q magazine,[41] and Rolling Stone.[42] In 2003, it was ranked number 170 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time,[43] maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list,[44] and dropping to number 327 in 2020.[45] A Rolling Stone readers' poll in 2012 ranked it the best live album of all time.[46] It was ranked number 356 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.[47]

A commemorative blue plaque has been placed at the campus at which it was recorded, the University of Leeds Refectory. On 17 June 2006, over 36 years after the original concert, The Who returned to perform at the Refectory, at a gig organised by Andy Kershaw. Kershaw hailed it as "among the most magnificent I have ever seen".[48]

"Even today, Live at Leeds sounds so alive," remarked Rush bassist Geddy Lee. "It's a real piece of that period of rock. It's like a bootleg: the artwork, the tone… It was raw."[49]

Track listing

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All songs written by Pete Townshend, except where noted.

Side one

  1. "Young Man Blues" (Mose Allison) – 4:52
  2. "Substitute" – 2:23
  3. "Summertime Blues" (Jerry Capehart, Eddie Cochran) – 3:27
  4. "Shakin' All Over" (Johnny Kidd) – 4:24

Side two

  1. "My Generation" – 14:47
  2. "Magic Bus" – 7:50

Personnel

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Charts

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Chart (1970) Peak
position
Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)[50] 6
Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[51] 2
Danish Album Charts[52] 8
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[53] 4
Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[54] 10
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[55] 8
Italian Albums (Musica e Dischi)[56] 19
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[57] 13
UK Albums (OCC)[58] 3
US Billboard 200[59] 4

Certifications

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Region Certification Certified units/sales
Canada (Music Canada)[60] Gold 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[61] Gold 100,000^
United States (RIAA)[62] 2× Platinum 2,000,000^

^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.

Notes

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  1. ^ Moon normally sang a few backing vocals during this period of the Who's career, particularly on "I Can't Explain", though sound engineer Bob Pridden frequently muted his vocal microphone.[8] This appears to have been done for the Leeds show, with Townshend making light of it before announcing "A Quick One, While He's Away", stating "We do feature normally Keith Moon singing, but today we'll just have to feature him."[9]
  2. ^ Townshend later suggested the tapes were indeed burnt in his back garden,[11] though archive live recordings of the Tommy tour have since been officially released.

References

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Citations
  1. ^ a b c Cohn, Nik (8 March 1970). "Finally, the Full Force of the Who". The New York Times. Rock Recordings section, p. M2. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2013.(subscription required)
  2. ^ "RIAA". Archived from the original on 2 August 2023. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  3. ^ a b Carr, Roy (January 2011). "The Who". Classic Rock: 75. Archived from the original on 25 August 2013. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  4. ^ a b Hyden, Steven (29 January 2003). "The Who: Live at Leeds". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  5. ^ a b c Charlesworth 1995, p. 5.
  6. ^ Neill & Kent 2011, p. 247.
  7. ^ Atkins 2000, p. 132.
  8. ^ Charlesworth 1995, p. 7.
  9. ^ Pete Townshend (1970). Live at Leeds (1995 CD reissue) (CD). Event occurs at Track 8, 4:23. 527-169-2.
  10. ^ Atkins 2000, p. 24.
  11. ^ Townshend 2012, pp. 185–186.
  12. ^ Townshend 2012, p. 185.
  13. ^ Mark Simpson (18 June 2006). "Rockers thrill their generation". BBC News. Archived from the original on 25 June 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2012.
  14. ^ Atkins 2000, p. 129.
  15. ^ Harison 2014, pp. 96–97.
  16. ^ Hepworth 2016, p. 62.
  17. ^ Padgett, Ray (2017). Cover me : the stories behind the greatest cover songs of all time. New York: Sterling. pp. 78–85. ISBN 978-1-4549-2250-6. OCLC 978537907.
  18. ^ Atkins 2000, p. 130.
  19. ^ Atkins 2000, p. 131.
  20. ^ Neill & Kent 2011, p. 255.
  21. ^ Neill & Kent 2011, p. 76.
  22. ^ Neill & Kent 2011, p. 59.
  23. ^ Live at Leeds (Media notes). Track Records. 1970. 2406 001.
  24. ^ Deskin, Scott (11 April 1995), "Leeds album showcases The Who's live improvisation", The Tech, 115 (17), archived from the original on 29 June 2016, retrieved 28 May 2016
  25. ^ Live at Leeds (Media notes). Polydor. 1995. 527 169-2.
  26. ^ a b "Live At Leeds". thewho.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  27. ^ "The Who to reissue 'Live At Leeds' album". Uncut. 6 October 2010. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  28. ^ a b Eder, Bruce. "Live at Leeds – The Who". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  29. ^ "Blender :: guide". 19 October 2006. Archived from the original on 19 October 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  30. ^ a b Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: W". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 089919026X. Archived from the original on 10 May 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
  31. ^ Larkin, Colin (2007). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195313734.
  32. ^ a b Sinclair, Tom (17 February 1995). "Live at Leeds Review". Entertainment Weekly. No. 262. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  33. ^ a b c d "Live at Leeds". Rakuten.com. Muze. Archived from the original on 3 November 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  34. ^ Kemp, Mark; et al. (2004). Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. p. 871. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
  35. ^ Eisen, Jonathan (July 1970). "Live at Leeds". Circus.
  36. ^ Marcus, Greil (9 July 1970). "Live at Leeds". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  37. ^ Marsh 1983, p. 359.
  38. ^ "Hope I don't have a heart attack". The Daily Telegraph. 22 June 2006. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2007.
  39. ^ "Live at Leeds: Who's best..." The Independent. 7 June 2006. Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2007.
  40. ^ "The Who: Live at Leeds". BBC Leeds. 18 August 2006. Archived from the original on 16 December 2006. Retrieved 3 January 2007.
  41. ^ "Live at Leeds – again". Leeds University. 6 June 2006. Archived from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2006.
  42. ^ "The Who – Live at Leeds". Rolling Stone. 1 November 2003. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  43. ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 11 December 2003. p. 136.
  44. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rolling Stone's definitive list of the 500 greatest albums of all time". Rolling Stone. 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  45. ^ "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2020. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  46. ^ Stone, Rolling (21 November 2012). "Readers' Poll: The 10 Best Live Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2019.
  47. ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (2000). All Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd ed.). Virgin Books. p. 139. ISBN 0-7535-0493-6.
  48. ^ "The Who Live at Leeds". University of Leeds. Archived from the original on 2 December 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  49. ^ "Live albums". Classic Rock supplement: The Live Albums That Changed The World. December 2011. p. 5.
  50. ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  51. ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 5199". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  52. ^ "LP Top 10, October 12, 1970". Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  53. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – The Who – Live at Leeds" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  54. ^ Nyman, Jake (2005). Suomi soi 4: Suuri suomalainen listakirja (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Helsinki: Tammi. p. 135. ISBN 951-31-2503-3.
  55. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – The Who – Live at Leeds" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  56. ^ "Classifiche". Musica e Dischi (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 December 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2023. Set "Tipo" on "Album". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "Who".
  57. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – The Who – Live at Leeds". Hung Medien. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  58. ^ "The Who | Artist | Official Charts". UK Albums Chart. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  59. ^ "The Who Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  60. ^ "An MCA Records (Canada) Gold Award for the album Live at Leeds". 5 March 2023. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
  61. ^ "British album certifications – The Who – Live at Leeds". British Phonographic Industry.
  62. ^ "American album certifications – The Who – Live at Leeds". Recording Industry Association of America.
Sources
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