Loess Hills District is an American Viticultural Area (AVA) located in western Iowa and northwestern Missouri established on April 4, 2016 by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).[1] TTB received a petition from Shirley Frederiksen, on behalf of the Western Iowa Grape Growers Association and the Golden Hills Resource Conservation and Development organization proposing the establishment of the “Loess Hills District.”[4] The district is a long, narrow north–south orientated swath of land along the Big Sioux and Missouri Rivers, covering 12,897 square miles (8,254,080 acres) from Hawarden, Iowa, to Craig, Missouri. There are approximately 66 commercially-producing vineyards covering a total of 112 acres (45 ha) distributed throughout the AVA, along with 13 wineries.[1] Loess Hills District is not a sub-region within any established AVA.[3]
| Wine region | |
 | |
| Type | American Viticultural Area |
|---|---|
| Year established | 2016[1] |
| Country | United States |
| Part of | Iowa, Missouri |
| Other regions in Iowa, Missouri | Upper Mississippi Valley AVA |
| Climate region | Region III[2] |
| Heat units | 3,239 GDD[2] |
| Precipitation (annual average) | 31.95 in (811.53 mm)[2] |
| Soil conditions | Deep glacial loess (up to 300 feet (91 m))[1] |
| Total area | 12,897 square miles (8,254,080 acres)[1] |
| Size of planted vineyards | 112 acres (45 ha)[1] |
| No. of vineyards | 66[1] |
| Varietals produced | Chambourcin, Noiret and Norton[3] |
| No. of wineries | 13[3] |
Terroir
editLoess Hills District is located in a region characterized by extremely deep layers of wind-deposited soil called “loess.” The loose, crumbly soil composed of quartz, feldspar, mica, and other materials as grounded into a fine powder by glaciers during the Ice Ages. These soils reach as deep as 300 feet (91 m) in places. When the glaciers melted, the water pushed this "glacial flour" down the Missouri River Valley. As the waters receded, the exposed silt dried, was dispersed by the prevailing westerly winds and deposited across the landscape over broad areas that have formed the hills over time.[3] The main benefit of the deep, friable soils is they offer little impediment to root systems where vines can grow deep into the ground in search of nutrients. The soils also drain easily, which is advantageous given the area's high levels of rainfall. Erosion can be an issue in Loess Hills, although, over the years, hillsides were carved out making suitable pockets for wine-growing. These hillside vineyard sites prevent cool air from pooling above the vines, reducing the risk of frost. Summers are hot and humid with a majority of the annual precipitation concentrated in the warmer months. In contrast, it is not unusual to see vineyards blanketed in snow throughout the winter period.[3]
Wine industry
editMany vineyards and wineries are clustered around the border city of Omaha, Nebraska which provides a steady stream of visitors to the area. The climate here is continental. Therefore, successful viticulture depends on range of different mesoclimates throughout the area that require a favorable altitude, slope and aspect of the vineyard.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "Establishment of the Loess Hills District Viticultural Area" (27 CFR 9 [Docket No. TTB–2015–0009; T.D. TTB–135; Ref: Notice No. 153] RIN 1513–AC20 Final rule). Federal Register. 81 (42). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), Treasury: 11113–11116. March 3, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 17, 2024.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c "Proposed Establishment of the Loess Hills District Viticultural Area" (27 CFR Part 9 [Docket No. TTB–2015–0009; Notice No. 153] RIN 1513–AC20). Federal Register. 80 (117). Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Treasury: 34857–34864. June 18, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f "Loess Hills District Wine". Wine-Searcher. 2016.
- ^ "American Viticultural Area Petition for "LOESS HILLS DISTRICT" American Viticultural Area" (Submitted by: Western Iowa Grape Growers Association And Golden Hills Resource Conservation and Development). Regulations.gov. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau. June 18, 2015. Retrieved May 23, 2024.
