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Lomnický štít (English: Lomnica Peak[1][2] or Lomnický Peak[3][4], Hungarian: Lomnici-csúcs, German: Lomnitzer Spitze, Polish: Łomnica) is one of the highest and most visited mountain peaks in the High Tatras mountains of Slovakia. Connected by cable car to Tatranská Lomnica, its summit is 2,634 metres (8,642 ft) above sea level, making it the second highest peak in the High Tatras after Gerlachovský štít (2654 m).
| Lomnický štít | |
|---|---|
 Lomnický štít (left) and Kežmarský štít (2558 m) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,634.4 m (8,643 ft) |
| Prominence | 434 m (1,424 ft) |
| Coordinates | 49°11′45″N 20°12′46″E / 49.19583°N 20.21278°E |
| Naming | |
| Nickname | Lomničák |
| Geography | |
  Lomnický štít Location in Slovakia | |
| Location | Tatra National Park, Poprad, Prešov, Slovakia |
| Parent range | High Tatras |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | Štefan Fábry, around 1760-1790 |
| Easiest route | cable car |
Local shoemaker and amateur miner Jakab Fábry stated he made an ascent around 1760–1790, but the first recorded ascent was made by the English traveler Robert Townson and guide on 16 August 1793. He measured the elevation of the peak to be 2633 m, a meter below the actual elevation.[5] The first winter ascent was made in 1891.
In the past, Lomnický štít was called as Vater (Father), Grossvater (Grandfather), Königsberg (King's Mountain), Królowa Tatr and Królowa Tatrzańska (Princess of the Tatra), Petra altissima kesmarkiensis and allerhöchster Kaisermärkerfels (Highest cliff of Kežmarok), höchste Kaisermärker Spitze (Highest peak of Kežmarok), késmárki hegyek (Hills of Kežmarok), Kesmarker Spitze or Lumnitzer Spitze (Peak of Kežmarok or Peak of Lomnica)[citation needed].
Since 1940, tourists have reached the peak by cable car. They are allowed to stay on the peak for 50 minutes. The cable car system is normally closed in the month of May for annual maintenance. It is also possible to climb the peak from Lomnický Saddle, but this is only permitted with a mountain guide.
There is a solar observatory and weather station permanently staffed year round at the terminus of the cable car.
Access
editAfter Gerlachovský štít is Lomnický štít the second most guided peak in High Tatras. The most used is the Classic route also known as Emericyho nárek. The path is popular mostly because of easy access. You can take a lift from Tatranská Lomnica up to Lomnické sedlo (2189 meters above sea level) and from there straight forward to the top. The harder sections of the path are secured by steel steps and chains.
Another very popular route is called Jordanova cesta. The route begins at Starý Smokovec and within 3 hours and 35 minutes of hiking you will end up at Téryho Chata, where the challenging section begins. The route from here is relatively hard for orientation, the steep sections are however secured by chains.
The route called Medené Lávky starts at chata pri Zelenom plese, we head along an unmarked sidewalk over a kneeling path to the Čierny štít massif. At the waterfall we climb to the right to a pillar secured by chains. After it we will climb the threshold of the Veľká zmrzlá dolina, cross the stream and head left to the Medená kotlina. Through lifeless rubble fields we get to the main gutter, falling from the saddle between Kežmarok peaks. The path is very exposed to stone fall and recently is not as popular.
Gypsyho ferrata just like the classic route Emericyho nárek starts at Lomnické Sedlo, the real starting point is however hard to find. Gypsyho ferrata is secured with chains and steel steps, however full ferrata gear is due to extreme exposure in the upper section necessary.
The route through Cmiter starts at Skalnaté pleso, leading through Skalnatá dolina underneath to the massifs of Vidlové veže and Kežmarský štít. The route is exposed to stone fall. The harder sections require rope, since the path is not secured by any additional gear such as chains.
Climate
editThe climate of Lomnický štít belongs to the alpine climate (Köppen: ET), because the altitude of the weather station reaches 2,635 metres (8,645 ft). The annual average temperature is −2.9 °C (26.8 °F), the hottest month is 5.6 °C (42.1 °F) in August, and the coldest month is −10.6 °C (12.9 °F) in February; the annual precipitation is 1,902.4 millimetres (74.90 in), and the average precipitation in all months is above 120 millimetres (4.7 in). The highest average precipitation is 193.7 millimetres (7.63 in). The earliest meteorological observations recorded by this weather station that can be retrieved at present are from 1952, so since 1952, the extreme temperature at this place has ranged from −31.2 °C (−24.2 °F) on March 3, 1987 to 24.0 °C (75.2 °F) on August 1, 1981; the highest minimum is 11.8 °C (53.2 °F) on August 3, 1998, while the lowest maximum is −27.8 °C (−18.0 °F) on January 31, 1956. Even in the warmest summer, the mountain rarely appears higher than 15 °C (59 °F) or more. Among them, the temperature records above 20 °C (68 °F) recorded only twice, which were 21.0 °C (69.8 °F) on June 28, 1973 and 24.0 °C (75.2 °F) at August 1981, respectively. In winter, low temperatures are often as low as −25.0 °C (−13.0 °F), and low temperatures below −30.0 °C (−22.0 °F) will occur under extremely cold.
| Climate data for Lomnický štít (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1952–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.0 (41.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
24.0 (75.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
24.0 (75.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.3 (18.9) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
2.9 (37.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
0.1 (32.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10.1 (13.8) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
5.6 (42.1) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.9 (8.8) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.4 (36.3) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −30.8 (−23.4) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−31.3 (−24.3) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−17.0 (1.4) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−19.9 (−3.8) |
−28.9 (−20.0) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−31.3 (−24.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 176.9 (6.96) |
170.3 (6.70) |
182.1 (7.17) |
165.3 (6.51) |
149.1 (5.87) |
156.5 (6.16) |
193.7 (7.63) |
140.8 (5.54) |
120.3 (4.74) |
126.3 (4.97) |
154.0 (6.06) |
167.1 (6.58) |
1,902.4 (74.90) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 16.5 | 16.1 | 17.2 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 15.9 | 17.0 | 12.9 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.2 | 16.7 | 183.4 |
| Average snowy days | 20.3 | 19.0 | 21.6 | 19.9 | 16.1 | 8.3 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 9.4 | 13.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 175.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70.7 | 73.6 | 74.8 | 80.9 | 85.0 | 84.9 | 84.4 | 81.3 | 78.2 | 73.1 | 74.5 | 72.0 | 77.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 124.0 | 129.1 | 164.8 | 172.6 | 168.9 | 159.3 | 168.7 | 179.6 | 166.4 | 165.8 | 121.1 | 111.2 | 1,831.5 |
| Source: NOAA[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Gallery
edit-
Slavkovský štít (left) and Lomnický štít (center right) as seen from Tatranská Lomnica, Slovakia -
From left: Lomnický štít, Vidlové veže, Kežmarský štít, and Malý Kežmarský štít, as viewed from Skalnaté pleso -
Solar observatory Lomnický štít (Slovakia) built in 1962 -
The observatory as seen from Tatranská Lomnica
References
edit- ^ Nározná, Renáta, & Colin Saunders. 2012. The High Tatras: Slovakia and Poland, Including the Western & White Tatras. Milnthorpe, UK: Cicerone, p. 156.
- ^ Cohen, Saul Bernard. 2008. The Columbia Gazetteer of the World: P to Z. New York: Columbia University Press, p. 3822.
- ^ Brooks, Andrew. 2016. Children's Illustrated Atlas. London: Dorling Kindersley, p. 69.
- ^ Lovejoy, Alice Osborne. 2014. Army Film and the Avant Garde: Cinema and Experiment in the Czechoslovak Military. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, p. 223.
- ^ Gajewski, Jerzy W. "Robert Townson - The Great Explorer of the Tatra" (PDF). Alpine Journal: 114.
- ^ "Lomnický štít Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 20 August 2023. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ "Global Surface Summary of the Day - GSOD (extremes 1952-present)". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-08-21. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
Sources
editExternal links
edit
- UNESCO — Natural Reserves of Tatras Mountains
- Tatry.org: Tatry Open Directory
- High Tatra Mountains visualized in 3D
- 3D scan of Lomnický peak, one of the highest mountain peaks in the High Tatras mountains.