Lunar Panoramic Photography - Apollo 14

NASA's Apollo Lunar Surface Journal (ALSJ)^[1] records the details of each mission's time on the lunar surface as a timeline of the activities undertaken, the dialogue between the crew and Mission Control, and the relevant documentary records. Each photograph taken on the mission is catalogued there and each photographic sequence is also recorded. This page tabulates the Apollo 14 panoramas and, where appropriate, provides updated representations of the panoramas blended using more recent technologies than the originals.

Context

Despite the successes of Apollo 11 and Apollo 12, Apollo 14 was something of a "Recovery Mission" following the incomplete nature of Apollo 13. Since the decision had already been made for Apollo 13 to visit the Fra Mauro Formation for scientific purposes, this was simply moved forward to be Apollo 14's destination as well. Also, since the mission was designated as an "H" Mission, the profile was similar to the earlier H missions, Apollo 12 (and 13), which called for two EVAs rather than the 3 later in the program. Like Apollo 12, the majority of these EVAs occurred "off-camera" as the TV camera was not designed to be portable. The crew were equipped with the Modular Equipment Transporter - a hand-pulled, "workbench" that only made an appearance on this mission. It featured in one of the two highlights from the EVAs as the crew gamefully tried to manouvre it to the rim of Cone Crater before giving up just 20m short. The other highlight, and probably the event that the mission is best remembered for, was when the Commander, Alan Shepard, attached the head of a golf club to a rake handle and struck a couple of golf balls.

In terms of photography, Apollo 14's crew proved to be less "trigger-happy" than the preceding Apollo 12 crew and only took 417 pictures on the Moon, compared to 583 on the earlier mission. However, 288 of these were components of 17 distinct panoramas and ALSJ lists another 25 sub-panoramas within these.

The post-mission Preliminary Science Report^[2] indicates that the crew took 15^[3] panoramas but appears to have missed the "Station C" and "Weird Rock" pans. In some cases, the complete, 360° panoramas were impacted by the low Sun angle and greater detail can be gained by omitting the down-Sun exposures from the panoramic sequences, hence some of the sub-panoramas.

To assist in gaining bearings, the Lunar Module (LM) Antares, landed with its door and ladder leg (AKA "+Z strut") pointing approximately 20° north of due west. The Sun's elevation^[4] was between 13° and 15.5° for EVA 1, and 122° and 24.3° for EVA 2.

Non-EVA (LM-based) panoramas

Being the 3rd mission to land on the Moon, the emphasis on taking 'Contingency' photos had declined by Apollo 14. Subsequently, only three LM-based panoramas were taken; on landing, between the two EVAs, and prior to departing.

Table 14.1 Non-EVA panoramas
Mission	Time (MET)	EVA #	Location	Astronaut	Magazine	Type	Start Frame	End Frame	Alternate Panorama	Reference	Reference Panorama	Notes
XIV	109:46:23	Pre-EVA	Post-Landing Combined Window Pan	Shepherd/Mitchell	65	Monochrome	9202	9215	N/A	ALSJ		Although referenced in the Preliminary Science Report, this "panorama" is really two sub-panoramas taken through each of the main windows on the Lunar Module. The result presented by ALSJ is disjointed because of the separation between camera locations and the parallax issues that causes. The two sub-panoramas are below.
XIV	109:46:23	Pre-EVA	Post-Landing LMP Window Pan	Mitchell	65	Monochrome	9202	9207		ALSJ		Sub-panorama of "Combined" version above. Alternate variant shows different image blending
XIV	109:46:23	Pre-EVA	Post-Landing CDR Window Pan	Shepherd	65	Monochrome	9209	9215		ALSJ		Sub-panorama of "Combined" version above. Alternate variant shows different image blending
XIV	119:42:01	Inter-EVA	Post-EVA-1 Window Pan	Shepherd	66	Colour	9317	9326	N/A	ALSJ		As with the Post-Landing Combined Window Pan presented above, this ALSJ-referenced image is best considered as two sub-panoramas (see below) due to the difference in position of the component shots.
XIV	119:42:01	Inter-EVA	Post-EVA-1 CDR Window Pan	Shepherd	66	Colour	9317	9322		ALSJ-inferred	N/A	Sub-panorama of Post-EVA-1 Window Pan above.
XIV	119:42:01	Inter-EVA	Post-EVA-1 LMP Window Pan	Mitchell	66	Colour	9323	9326		ALSJ-inferred	N/A	Sub-panorama of Post-EVA-1 Window Pan above.
XIV	136:26:06	Post-EVA	Post-EVA-2 Window Pan	Mitchell	66	Colour	9335	9343	N/A	ALSJ

EVA Panoramas

The Apollo 14 crew, Alan Shepard and Ed Mitchell, whether constrained by their workload or otherwise, were less inclined to pause to take photos than their predecessors.

Table 14.2 EVA panoramas
Mission	Time (MET)	EVA #	Location	Astronaut	Magazine	Type	Start Frame	End Frame	Alternate Panorama	Reference	Reference Panorama	Notes
XIV	114:53:38	EVA 1	LM 4 O'clock Pan	Shepherd	66	Colour	9236	9257	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	114:53:38	EVA 1	LM 4 O'clock Pan Hi-Res	Shepherd	66	Colour	9236	9257	N/A	ALSJ		Assembled from later releases of Hi-Res scans
XIV	114:53:38	EVA 1	LM 4 O'clock Pan Artistic	Shepherd	66	Colour	9236	9257	N/A	ALSJ		As listed on ALSJ
XIV	114:53:38	EVA 1	LM 4 O'clock Pan 3rd Version	Shepherd	66	Colour	9236	9257	N/A	ALSJ		As listed on ALSJ
XIV	114:53:38	EVA 1	LM 4 O'clock Pan LM	Shepherd	66	Colour	9250	9254	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama featuring just the LM. [This appears to be an error in the ALSJ; This description states that it is AS14-66-9250 through 9255, and yet the displayed image is only 9254 to 9255]
XIV	114:53:38	EVA 1	LM 4 O'clock Pan LM - Alternate	Shepherd	66	Colour	9250	9257		ALSJ	N/A	Sub-panorama featuring the LM and immediate vicinity - alternate to LM 4 O'clock Pan LM above.
XIV	114:53:38	EVA 1	LM 4 O'clock Pan Portrait	Shepherd	66	Colour	9254	9255	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-Panorama featuring just the LM
XIV	114:53:38	EVA 1	LM 8 O'clock Pan	Shepherd	66	Colour	9271	9293	N/A	ALSJ		[A possible error in the ALSJ timetime - this image is indexed at the same time (114:53:38) as the LM 4 O'clock Pan above.]
XIV	114:57:20	EVA 1	LM 12 O'clock Pan	Shepherd	66	Colour	9294	9316	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	114:57:20	EVA 1	LM 12 O'clock Pan East Hi-Res	Shepherd	66	Colour	9298	9312	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama
XIV	114:57:20	EVA 1	LM 12 O'clock Pan West Hi-Res	Shepherd	66	Colour	9294	9316	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama - 9310-9316 then 9294-9300
XIV	114:57:20	EVA 1	LM 12 O'clock Pan Cone	Shepherd	66	Colour	9305	9306	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama - Cone Ridge just to the left of the spacecraft
XIV	132:16:44	EVA 2	Station A Pan	Mitchell	68	Colour	9394	9408	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	132:16:44	EVA 2	Station A Pan Minipan	Mitchell	68	Colour	9404	9405	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama of Apollo 14 - Station A Pan above.
XIV	132:16:44	EVA 2	Station A Pan Hi-Res	Mitchell	69	Colour	9404	9407	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama of Apollo 14 - Station A Pan above.
XIV	132:34:22	EVA 2	Station B Pan	Shepherd	64	Mono	9049	9072	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	132:50:31	EVA 2	Station B1 Pan - Profile	Shepherd	64	Mono	9075	9097	N/A	ALSJ		A subtle variation between this and the 'Back' variant (below) - this uses 9089 to show Mitchell in profile
XIV	132:50:31	EVA 2	Station B1 Pan - Back	Shepherd	64	Mono	9075	9097	N/A	ALSJ		This uses 9088 to show Mitchell's back - see 'Profile' variant above
XIV	132:50:31	EVA 2	Station B1 Pan - Mini-pan	Shepherd	64	Mono	9088	9089		ALSJ		Sub-panorama
XIV	132:57:52	EVA 2	Station B2 Pan	Mitchell	68	Mono	9415	9429	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	132:57:52	EVA 2	Station B2 Pan North	Mitchell	68	Mono	9415	9425	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-Panorama - Annotated
XIV	132:57:52	EVA 2	Station B2 Pan Sun View	Mitchell	68	Mono	9421	9422	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	133:14:34	EVA 2	Station B3 Pan	Mitchell	68	Mono	9430	9442	N/A	ALSJ		This is an unusual sequence, left-to-right it runs 9439-9442, then 9430-9438 - it's almost as if Mitchell realised he could capture a larger pan by adding more component shots at the end
XIV	133:14:34	EVA 2	Station B3 North	Mitchell	68	Mono	9430	9438	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama (Incorrectly marked in ALSJ as being at 132:57:52)
XIV	133:23:40	EVA 2	Station C-Prime Pan	Shepherd	64	Mono	9098	9122	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	133:23:40	EVA 2	Station C-Prime Pan Hi-Res South	Shepherd	64	Mono	9111	9121	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama
XIV	133:23:40	EVA 2	Station C-Prime Pan Hi-Res North	Shepherd	64	Mono	9098	9107	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama
XIV	133:23:40	EVA 2	Station C-Prime Pan Hi-Res MET	Shepherd	64	Mono	9119	9122	N/A	ALSJ		(ASLJ has incorrectly labelled the source images for this, it should read AS-64-9119-9122 (Not 9019-9022))
XIV	133:23:40	EVA 2	Station C-Prime Pan Hi-Res Mini-pan	Shepherd	64	Mono	9117	9120	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	133:40:48	EVA 2	Station C1 Pan	Mitchell	68	Mono	9448	9451	N/A	ALSJ		Unusual "broken" panorama. The original sources do not overlap. Included because referenced by both ALSJ and the Preliminary Science Report.
XIV	133:40:48	EVA 2	Station C1 Pan Hi-Res Saddle	Mitchell	68	Mono	9449	9451	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama
XIV	134:04:53	EVA 2	Weird Rock	Shepherd	64	Mono	9135	9136	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	134:07:18	EVA 2	Station F Pan	Shepherd	64	Mono	9137	9157	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	134:07:18	EVA 2	Station F Pan - Cone	Shepherd	64	Mono	9145	9152	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama
XIV	134:36:42	EVA 2	Station G Pan	Shepherd	64	Mono	9167	9187	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	134:36:42	EVA 2	Station G Pan Detail	Shepherd	64	Mono	9167	9187	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama
XIV	135:01:30	EVA 2	Station H Pan	Mitchell	68	Mono	9477	9491	N/A	ALSJ
XIV	135:01:30	EVA 2	Station H Pan Detail	Mitchell	68	Mono	9486	9487	N/A	ALSJ		Sub-panorama

Footnotes

These tables catalogue the panoramic photos captured during the Apollo 14 mission. Those thumbnails in the "Reference Panorama" and "Notes" columns have been included from 'official' NASA resources such as ALSJ and LPI. Entries in the 'Panorama' column have created using panorama blending software using the High Resolution scans of the original frames held as the "Project Apollo Archive" on Flickr.^[5] Where a Reference Panorama is pre-existing, that has been used in preference to creating a new variant, unless there is a additional value to be gained by regenerating it. Apart from some source image masking, all such new variants have been created using the minimum of processing, relying on the software package's inherent blending and optimisation capabilities - typically, such panoramas have been created within 3-5 minutes as they are intended to be 'representations' rather than 'definitive' examples. Consequently, brightness and contrast levels, as well as some frame-edges, have not been adjusted. EVA images include the overlaying of Réseau plate "crosses" to assist in their post-mission evaluation.

All 4-digit image references relate to the last 4 digits of the image names. The full image names follow the format AS12-MM-NNNN, where MM relates to the Magazine number and NNNN is the identifier.

All tabular data, such as time and image identifiers, has been extracted from the ALSJ. The entries in the 'Location' column relate to the term used for the panorama as listed in the ALSJ's 'Assembled Panoramas' section

References

^ "Apollo Lunar Surface Journal". www.nasa.gov.
^ "Apollo 14 Prelimiinary Science Report NASA SP-272" (PDF). Retrieved 30 March 2024.
^ "Page 41" (PDF).
^ "Sun Angles". www.nasa.gov.
^ "Project Apollo Archive". Flickr.

[1] "Apollo Lunar Surface Journal". www.nasa.gov.

[2] "Apollo 14 Prelimiinary Science Report NASA SP-272" (PDF). Retrieved 30 March 2024.

[3] "Page 41" (PDF).

[4] "Sun Angles". www.nasa.gov.

[5] "Project Apollo Archive". Flickr.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]