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Lyric Essay is a literary hybrid that combines elements of poetry, essay, and memoir.[1] The lyric essay is a relatively new form of creative nonfiction.
John D’Agata and Deborah Tall published a definition of the lyric essay in the Seneca Review in 1997: "The lyric essay takes from the prose poem in its density and shapeliness, its distillation of ideas and musicality of language."[2]
A forerunner of the lyrical essay is Truman Capote, author of In Cold Blood (1966), a book which introduced the nonfiction American novel.[3]
Form
editLyric essays are unique in their reliance on form. Two types of lyric essay forms exist: found form and invented form. Found form borrows the form of an external frame, such as footnotes, indexes, or letters (epistolary form), to bring about the meaning of the essay. Invented form can take any shape and organization which the writer creates to further communicate the essay.
Examples
editSome lyric essays take poetic forms, such as Anne Carson's "The Glass Essay," which is lineated and organized in tercets and quatrains. According to Mary Heather Noble, the lyric essay is open to exploration and experimentation, and allows for the discovery of an authentic narrative voice.[4]
Content
editThe lyric essay can take on any theme or topic, often containing what Lia Purpura calls "provisional responses," as opposed to certitude.[5] The lyric essay can contain arguments, but typically subversive or subversively argued ones. Lyric essays often rely on research and references, and can be interdisciplinary in their research methods and content. Lyric essays often consist of conversational digressions, due to its lack of a restrictive form. Some lyric essays include vignettes, such as Maggie Nelson's Bluets.
Language
editPolyvocality and code-switching play a major role in the lyric essay. Both techniques allow for the lyric essay to be either very personal or to take a more objective tone. An example of this is found in Claudia Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric, which the book's publisher classifies as both poetry and creative nonfiction[6]—and is often referred to as work of lyric essays.[7] Rankine code switches between highly personal, diaristic language and formal, academic language—as well as a variety of other types of language.
Publications
editProminent publications featuring the lyric essay are Bomb (magazine) (under directorship of Betsy Sussler), Evergreen Review (under Barney Rosset), and the Seneca Review (under the editorship of Debora Tall and John D'Agata).[8]
References
edit- ^ "HWS: Seneca Review". www.hws.edu. Retrieved 2017-01-29.
- ^ Dess, G. D. "The Perils and Pitfalls of the Lyrical Essay". Los Angeles Review of Books. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
- ^ Lab, Purdue Writing. "Lyric Essays // Purdue Writing Lab". Purdue Writing Lab. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
- ^ "On the Lyric Essay - Mary Heather Noble". Mary Heather Noble. 2014-01-05. Retrieved 2016-04-26.
- ^ Purpura, Lia (October 2007). "What Is a Lyric Essay?: Provisional Responses". Seneca Review. 37 (2): 97.
- ^ "Citizen | Graywolf Press". www.graywolfpress.org. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
- ^ Flood, Alison (2015-06-07). "Citizen: Claudia Rankine's anti-racist lyric essays up for Forward poetry award". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
- ^ "HWS: Seneca Review". www.hws.edu. Retrieved 2016-04-27.