Métaboles is an orchestral work by Henri Dutilleux, commissioned by the conductor George Szell in 1959 to mark the fortieth anniversary of the Cleveland Orchestra.[1][2] Métaboles was composed in 1963–64 and was first performed by Szell and the Cleveland Orchestra on 14 January 1965.
| Métaboles | |
|---|---|
| by Henri Dutilleux | |
.jpg) Henri Dutilleux, 2004 | |
| Occasion | 40th anniversary of the Cleveland Orchestra |
| Commissioned by | George Szell |
| Composed | 1963–64 |
| Duration | about 16 minutes |
| Movements | Five |
| Scoring | Orchestra |
| Premiere | |
| Date | 14 January 1965 |
| Conductor | George Szell |
| Performers | Cleveland Orchestra |
Description
editIn the early 1960s, Dutilleux wanted to move away from traditional musical forms and develop new structures that changed according to the internal logic of a particular piece.[3] It is with this central concern in mind, a concern that the work's very title indicates, that he began to compose Métaboles. In the composer's own words:
The rhetorical term Métaboles, applied to a musical form, reveals my intention: to present one or several ideas in a different order and from different angles, until, by successive stages, they are made to change character completely.[4]
In other words, throughout the work, various melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic ideas are presented and then gradually modified to the point that they transform into something radically different and undergo a complete change of nature. This new idea then serves as the basis for the next series of metamorphosis.[3][4]
The piece is cast in five overlapping movements that are played without pause. Each section, except the last one, highlights a particular instrumental group, allowing Métaboles to be described as concerto for orchestra.[3]
It opens with a series of chords played by the woodwinds and centered on E natural, with short interjections by pizzicato strings and harp.[4][5] The sound world is reminiscent of Stravinsky's early "Russian Period".[3] The strings pick up a variant of the melody for a brief moment and this variant is then elaborated on in the radiant second movement, wholly dedicated to divisi strings. Similarly, an idea presented in a double bass solo becomes the seed for the third movement, which is dominated by brass instruments and in the fourth movement, percussions outline a slowed-down reminiscence of the preceding section.[5] Finally, the fifth movement brings all the instruments together. It combines various melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements from the first four sections before reinstating the E natural chords heard at the very beginning and then rushing to an exhilarating coda.[4][5]
Movements
editThe work is in five linked movements. Dutilleux indicates that "towards the end of each piece, a new motif appears as a filigree under the symphonic texture and 'sets the bait' for the next piece, and so on...".[6]
- Incantatoire
- Linéaire
- Obsessionnel
- Torpide
- Flamboyant
Instrumentation
editMétaboles is scored for four flutes (3rd & 4th doubling piccolos), three oboes, cor anglais, two B-flat clarinets, E-flat clarinet, bass clarinet, three bassoons, contrabassoon, four horns, four trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion (temple blocks, snare drum, tom-toms, bass drum, small suspended cymbal, Chinese cymbal, tam-tams, crash cymbals, triangle, cowbell, xylophone, glockenspiel), celesta, harp and strings.[3]
References
edit- ^ Colin Lawson (24 April 2003). The Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- ^ Don Michael Randel (1996). The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press. pp. 233–4. ISBN 978-0-674-37299-3.
- ^ a b c d e Thomas May. "Metaboles". Los Angeles Philharmonic. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
- ^ a b c d Ronald Gallman. "Dutilleux: Métaboles". San Francisco Symphony.
- ^ a b c Andrew Lindemann Malone. "Henri Dutilleux, Métaboles, for orchestra". Allmusic.
- ^ Clark, Philip (2008). "Dutilleux: Concertos & Orchestral Works" (liner notes). EMI Records Ltd. p. 6. 50999 2 06879 2.
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