Wikipedia

M3 Bradley

Not to be confused with Bradley Fighting Vehicle or M2 Bradley.

The M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle (CFV) is an American tracked armored reconnaissance vehicle manufactured by BAE Systems Platforms & Services (formerly United Defense). A member of the Bradley Fighting Vehicle family, the M3 CFV is used by heavy armored cavalry units in the United States Army.

M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle
A U.S. Army M3 Bradley in Germany in 2015
TypeReconnaissance infantry fighting vehicle
Place of originUnited States
Service history
WarsGulf War
Iraq War
Russian invasion of Ukraine
Production history
DesignerFMC Corporation (M3(A0), M3A1)
United Defense (M3A2, M3A3)
ManufacturerUnited Defense (1981–1995)
BAE Systems Platforms & Services (since 2004)
Produced1981–1995 (United Defense)
2004–present (BAE Systems Platforms & Services)
Specifications
Mass25–30.5 short tons (23–28 tonnes)
Length21.2–21.5 ft (6.45–6.55 m)
Width126–129 in (320–328 cm)
Height117 in (297 cm)
Crew5: Commander, Gunner, Driver, and 2 Scouts [1]
ArmorSteel, 5083 and 7039 aluminium
Main
armament
25 mm M242 Chain Gun
1500 rounds (300 ready)
Dual TOW Anti-Tank Missile Launcher
12 rounds (2 in launcher)
Secondary
armament
7.62 mm M240C machine gun
EngineCummins VTA-903
TransmissionGeneral Electric HMPT-500
Ground clearance18 in (46 cm)
Fuel capacity175–197 gal (662–746 L)
Operational
range
250–300 mi (400–480 km), road
Maximum speed 35–41 mph (56–66 km/h), road
4–4.5 mph (6.4–7.2 km/h), water

History

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The M3 Bradley CFV is very similar to the M2 Bradley IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle) and is fielded with the same two-man 25-mm Bushmaster Cannon turret with a coaxial M240C 7.62-mm machine gun. It only varies from the M2 in a few subtle ways and by role. The M3 is classified as an armored reconnaissance and scout vehicle and does away with the firing ports found in the M2 series. The M3 also carries more TOW missiles as well as more ammunition for its 25-mm and 7.62-mm guns.

 
The M3 Bradley Cavalry Fighting Vehicle in its original configuration in 1983. The vehicle is wearing the MERDC "Summer Verdant" camouflage scheme which was replaced by a 3-color standard woodland NATO pattern in the mid-1980s.

The Bradley family as a whole was originally intended to support the M113 Armored Personnel Carrier (APC), but ended up replacing it in U.S. Army service altogether. Today, the Bradley is fielded in conjunction with the M1 Abrams series of main battle tanks and often accompanies infantry squads into combat. In the 1991 Persian Gulf War, Bradleys destroyed more enemy tanks than the M1 Abrams.[citation needed] Only three Bradleys were lost to enemy fire; however, at least 17 were lost to friendly fire.[2] Improvements to the Bradley family have included enhanced identification features, as well as anti-tank missile countermeasures (for first generation wire-guided missiles only) and improved armor protection in the form of ERA.

Replacement

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The United States and United Kingdom worked jointly on the Future Scout and Cavalry System/TRACER in the 1990s. The U.S. Army's intended replacement for the M3 Bradley and up-armored Humvee reached the engineering and manufacturing development phase. It reached the engineering and manufacturing development phase before both partners terminated their involvement in October 2001 to pursue other more urgent programs: the U.S. Interim Armored Vehicle and the UK Future Rapid Effect System.[3]

From 2003 Future Combat Systems (FCS) planned a successor to the M3 Bradley in the XM1201 Reconnaissance and Surveillance Vehicle. That too was canceled when FCS was terminated in 2009.

The U.S. Army intended the Ground Combat Vehicle to replace the M2 Bradley and M113 by 2018, while the M3 Bradley could later be replaced by future variants of the GCV.[4][5] The GCV project was cancelled in 2014.

Design

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The troop compartment of the M3 Bradley CFV. Note the additional TOW ammunition in storage racks on the right side which replaced a row of benches for mounted infantry.

Concealment

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All versions are equipped with two four-barreled M257 Grenade Launchers on the front of the turret for creating defensive smoke screens, chaff, and flares. It is also fitted with an engine smoke-generating system.

Armor

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Armor for the hull and turret for all variants is steel, 5083 aluminum, and unique to the turret is 7039 aluminum.

NBC

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The M3A1 variant introduced a gas particulate filter system.

Damage control

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The M3A1 variant introduced a fire suppression system.

Mobility

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The Bradley is highly capable in cross-country open terrain, in accordance with one of the main design objectives of keeping pace with the M1 Abrams. Whereas the M113 would float without much preparation, the Bradley was initially designed to float by deploying a flotation curtain around the vehicle. This caused some drownings due to failures during its first trials. Armor upgrades have negated this capability.[citation needed] The M3 Bradley was originally developed to accommodate a scout motorcycle. The idea was abandoned when it became apparent that the cycle's unprotected fuel tank could be hazardous to crew members.[6]

Variants

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Two M3 Bradleys in Operation Desert Shield

M3(A0)

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This model is essentially a re-stowed M2 Bradley. The passenger compartment was occupied by two troopers and more ammunition and missiles. Because it did not carry a squad, the firing ports were covered. The M3 retained the three periscopes between the cargo hatch and entry ramp and the periscopes along the left side of the vehicle, while those on the right side were covered over as they would have been inaccessible due to the TOW missile stowage rack.[7]

M3A1

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The M3A1 variant introduced a gas particulate filter system for NBC threats. Unlike the M2A1 Bradley, the NBC masks were connected to the central filter for all five crewmen, instead of just the driver, gunner, and vehicle commander. This variant also introduced a fire suppression system. The three periscopes on the rear deck were omitted on the M3A1, and replaced by four periscopes in the cargo hatch itself.[7]

M3A2

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The M3A2 incorporated enhanced armor upgrades, such as the ability to mount explosive reactive armor, from the M2A2 Bradley. After live fire testing, seating and ammunition stowage arrangements were also changed, with the observers moved to a bench on the left side of the vehicle and the missile stowage rearranged to enhance safety. After the Gulf War, other improvements including an eye-safe carbon dioxide laser rangefinder, global positioning system and compass, missile countermeasure device, combat identification system, and thermal viewer for the driver were incorporated into the M3A2-ODS.[7]

M3A3

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The M3A3 model of the Bradley uses enhanced information and communication equipment, a central processing unit, and information displays for the vehicle commander and squad leader. The M3A3 is compatible with the inter-vehicular communication system of the M1A2 Abrams tank and AH-64D Apache Longbow helicopter. The commander has an independent thermal viewer and a new integrated sight unit called the Improved Bradley Acquisition System (IBAS), which allows automatic gun adjustments, automatic boresighting, and tracking of dual targets. The roof is reinforced with titanium armor. Many M3A3s were converted from M3A2s.[7]

M3A4

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The M3A4 model of the Bradley is fitted with a new 675 horsepower (503 kW) engine. Electronic systems have been improved. Deliveries of upgraded vehicles commenced in 2020.[8]

Table of variants

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M3 and M3A1[9] M3A2 and M3A2 RESTOW[10]
Overall length 254 in (6.5 m) 258 in (6.6 m)
Overall width 126 in (3.2 m) 129 in (3.3 m), w/o armor kit
Height over commander's hatch 117 in (3.0 m)
Ground clearance 18 in (45.7 cm)
Top speed 41 mph (66 km/h) 35 mph (56 km/h)
Fording Floats
Max. grade 60%
Max. trench 8.3 ft (2.5 m) 7 ft (2.1 m)
Max. wall 36 in (0.9 m) 30 in (0.8 m)
Range 300 mi (480 km) 250 mi (400 km)
Power 500 hp (370 kW) at 2600 rpm 600 hp (450 kW) at 2600 rpm
Power-to-weight ratio 20 hp/ST (16.4 kW/t), M3
19.8 hp/ST (16.3 kW/t), M3A1 		20 hp/ST (16.4 kW/t), w/o armor kit
Torque 1,025 lb⋅ft (1,390 N⋅m) at 2350 rpm 1,225 lb⋅ft (1,660 N⋅m) at 2300 rpm
Weight, combat loaded 49,900 lb (22,630 kg), M3
50,500 lb (22,910 kg), M3A1 		60,000 lb (27,220 kg), w/o armor kit)
Ground pressure 7.7 psi (53 kPa), M3
7.8 psi (54 kPa), M3A1 		9.3 psi (64 kPa)
Main armament 25 mm M242 Bushmaster chain gun
BGM-71 TOW anti-tank missile
Elevation, main gun +59° −9°, M2
+57° −9°, M2A1 		+19.5° −9°
Traverse rate 6 seconds/360°
Elevation rate, main gun 60°/second
Main armament ammo 1500 rounds,
12 TOW or TOW 2, M3A1
Firing rate Single shot, 100, 200 rounds per minute

References

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  1. ^ "M3 crew and passengers". Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
  2. ^ United States General Accounting Office (10 January 1992). "Appendix I: Bradley Performed Well, but Some Problems Were Identified". Operation Desert Storm: Early Performance Assessment of Bradley and Abrams (PDF) (Report). Washington, DC: United States General Accounting Office. p. 16. Retrieved 22 August 2024. According to information provided by the Army's Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, 20 Bradleys were destroyed during the Persian Gulf war. Another 12 Bradleys were damaged, but 4 of these were quickly repaired. Friendly fire accounted for 17 of the destroyed Bradleys and 3 of the damaged ones.
  3. ^ Baumgardner, Neil (18 October 2001). "United States, Britain Agree To Terminate Future Scout Cavalry System". Defense Daily. Archived from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  4. ^ Army Capabilities Integration Center. "The Ground Combat Vehicle Strategy: Optimizing for the Future" (PDF) (Brochure). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
  5. ^ Cox, Matthew (10 September 2009). "U.S. Army Details Ground Combat Vehicle Plans". Defense News. Retrieved 28 July 2010.[dead link‍]
  6. ^ Steven J. Zaloga, Peter Sarson (1996). M2/M3 Bradley Infantry Fighting Vehicle 1983-95. Osprey Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 1-85532-538-1. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  7. ^ a b c d M3 Bradley Archived 9 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine - afvdb.com
  8. ^ M3A4 Bradley Archived 9 December 2021 at the Wayback Machine on http://www.military-today.com/
  9. ^ Hunnicutt 1999, p. 449.
  10. ^ Hunnicutt 1999, p. 451.

Sources

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  • Hunnicutt, R. P. (1999). Bradley: A History of American Fighting and Support Vehicles. Presidio Press. ISBN 978-0-89141-694-4.
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