MS Ore Brasil, previously known as Vale Brasil, is a very large ore carrier owned by the Brazilian mining company Vale. She is the first of seven 400,000-ton very large ore carriers (VLOC) ordered by Vale from Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in South Korea and twelve from Jiangsu Rongsheng Heavy Industries in China, which are designed to carry iron ore from Brazil to Asia along the Cape route around South Africa.[5][6] While close to the specifications of Chinamax, these ships are generally referred to as Valemax vessels by Vale.[7] They are the largest bulk carriers ever built.[2]
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name |
|
| Owner | Vale Shipping Holding Pte. Ltd.[1] |
| Port of registry |  Hong Kong[1] |
| Route | Brazil to China[2] |
| Ordered | 26 October 2009[1] |
| Builder | Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Co., Ltd, South Korea[1] |
| Yard number | 1201[1] |
| Laid down | 15 November 2010[1] |
| Launched | 31 December 2010[1] |
| Completed | 30 March 2011[1] |
| Maiden voyage | 2011 |
| In service | 2011–present |
| Identification | |
| Status | In service |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Bulk carrier |
| Classification | Det Norske Veritas |
| Tonnage | |
| Length | |
| Beam | 65.0 m (213.3 ft) |
| Draft | 23.0 m (75.5 ft) (molded) |
| Depth | 30.4 m (99.7 ft) |
| Main engine | MAN B&W 7S80ME-C8 (29,260 kW)[4] |
| Auxiliary engines | 3 × Hyundai-HiMSEN 6H21/32 (3 × 1,270 kW)[3] |
| Propulsion | Fixed-pitch propeller |
| Speed | 15.4 knots (28.5 km/h; 17.7 mph) |
| Crew | 33[3] |
Design
edit
The overall length of Ore Brasil is 362.0 metres (1,187.7 ft), making her one of the longest ships currently in service. The breadth and depth of her hull are 65.0 metres (213.3 ft) and 30.4 metres (99.7 ft), respectively, giving her a gross tonnage of 198,980.[1]
Ore Brasil has seven cargo holds with a combined gross volume of 219,980 cubic metres and net tonnage of 67,993.[3] Her deadweight tonnage is 402,347 tons. When carrying a full load of iron ore, equal to around 11,150 trucks,[8] her draught is 23 metres (75.5 ft).[1] Like other very large ore carriers of her size, Ore Brasil is limited to only a few deepwater ports in Brazil, Europe and China.[9]
Ore Brasil is propelled by a single MAN B&W 7S80ME-C8 two-stroke low-speed diesel engine directly coupled to a fixed-pitch propeller.[1] The main engine, which has a maximum output of 29,260 kilowatts (39,240 hp) at 78 rpm, burns 96.7 tons of heavy fuel oil per day.[3][10] However, due to the large size of the vessel the emissions per cargo ton-mile are very low, making Ore Brasil in fact one of the most efficient long-distance dry bulk carriers in service, and for this reason the ship received the Clean Ship award of 2011 in the Norwegian shipping exhibition Nor-Shipping. Vale has reported 35 % drop in emissions per ton of cargo in comparison to older ships.[4] Her service speed is 15.4 knots (28.5 km/h; 17.7 mph).[3]
Ore Brasil is classified by Det Norske Veritas with a class notation of 
1A1 Ore Carrier ESP ES(O) E0 NAUT-OC BWM-E(s) IB-3 COAT-PSPC(B) CSA-2 BIS EL-2 TMON NAUTICUS(Newbuilding).[1]
Size record
editOre Brasil is considerably larger than the previous record-holder, Berge Stahl, in every respect. Both her gross tonnage and deadweight tonnage are larger than those of the Norwegian ship, 175,720 and 364,767 tons, respectively. While the draught of both ships is the same, Ore Brasil is also 20 metres (65.6 ft) longer and 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) wider than Berge Stahl.[11] In addition, Ore Brasil is larger and slightly longer than the four new 388,000-ton, 361-metre (1,184 ft) Chinamax bulk carriers Berge Bulk has ordered from China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation.[12] Had Ore Brasil not been built, these ships would have become the largest bulk carriers in the world.
She is also the second largest ship currently in service by deadweight tonnage, second only to the TI class supertankers that have a deadweight tonnage of over 440,000 tons.[13]
Career
editOn 24 May 2011 Vale Brasil received her first cargo at the Brazilian port Terminal Marítimo de Ponta da Madeira — 391,000 tons of iron ore, enough to produce steel for more than three Golden Gate bridges, bound for Dalian in China.[14] However, in June, after rounding the Cape of Good Hope, the ship was rerouted to Taranto, Italy, and turned back towards the Atlantic Ocean.[15] There had been speculation that Vale Brasil was not allowed to enter the Chinese port fully laden, but according to Vale the destination was changed due to commercial, not political reasons.[16] The ship arrived at the port of Taranto on 14 July 2011.[17]
The ship was renamed Ore Brasil in 2014.
400,000 ton controversy
editThe Valemax size ships as ordered by Vale have a deadweight tonnage of just over 400,000 tonnes, which was problematic as the Chinese government considered these ships too large to enter Chinese ports. As a result, the ships were "slimmed down" to 380,000 tonnes deadweight. The controversy arose as this change was only on paper and nothing was actually changed in the ship design. This alluded that Valemax ships bound to Chinese ports are simply not being loaded to maximum capacity - and with no change in their physical dimensions.[18] Thus these same vessels "regained" their ability to re-enter the same ports they were previously declared too large to enter. Subsequently the Chinese government banned all ships over 300,000 DWT, effectively banning the Valemax ships from entering Chinese ports.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Vale Brasil (30616)". Vessel Register for DNV. DNV.
- ^ a b DSME delivering Vale Brasil, the world's largest ore carrier Archived 27 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Det Norske Veritas, 2011-06-01. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ a b c d e f M.V. Vale Brasil - Ships particulars. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
- ^ a b World’s Largest Bulk Carrier Uses Low-Speed B&W Power on Chinese Route Archived 31 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Diesel Facts 2/2011, page 9. MAN Diesel, 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
- ^ Vale Group - Shipping Archived 30 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Brazilian mining group’s giant ore carrier soon to enter service. Mining Weekly, 13 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-26.
- ^ Spinetto, J. B. Vale to Receive Up to Four More Valemax By Year-End. Bloomberg, 4 August 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Interactive presentation Archived 29 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Vale S.A. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Machine Support services on world's largest dry bulk carrier. Machine Support News. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
- ^ Vale - A Global Strategic Partner. Vale S.A. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- ^ "Berge Stahl (14702)". Vessel Register for DNV. DNV. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ Berge Bulk. "Berge Everest - 388,000 DWT". Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- ^ Tankers International (2008). "Fleet List". tankersinternational.com. Tankers International. Archived from the original on 3 September 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
- ^ Vale Brasil Sails For The Port Of Dalian In China. The TEX Report, 31 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- ^ Vale reroutes China-bound iron cargo to Italy. Reuters, 21 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- ^ Vale diverts China ore ship for commercial reasons. Lee Universal Enterprises, 22 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- ^ Vale Brasil discharged iron ore carrier at Taranto in Italy for Ilva. Steelguru, 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- ^ Valemax VLOC ore carriers. Antipodean Mariner, 28 November 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-12.