Dame Annie Jean Connor née Macnamara DBE (1 April 1899 – 13 October 1968), known as Jean Macnamara, was an Australian medical doctor and scientist, best known for her contributions to children's health and welfare. She was honoured as Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1935.[2]
Dame Jean Macnamara | |
|---|---|
 Dame Jean Macnamara in 1967 | |
| Born | Annie Jean Macnamara 1 April 1899 Beechworth, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 13 October 1968 (aged 69) South Yarra, Victoria, Australia |
| Resting place | Ashes were buried under a mossy rock at Beechworth[1] |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Education | Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne University of Melbourne |
| Occupation(s) | Australian medical doctor and scientist |
| Spouse | Joseph Ivan Connor (m. 1934) |
| Children | 2 |
Early life and education
editAnnie Jean Macnamara was born on 1 April 1899 to John and Annie Macnamara in Beechworth, Victoria.[3] Her family moved to Melbourne when she was seven and she attended Spring Road State School. She received a scholarship to study at the Presbyterian Ladies' College and she entered the University of Melbourne at age 17.[3] She graduated M.B. and B.S. in 1922.[4] Other notable Australians who also graduated in her class included Dame Kate Isabel Campbell, Lucy Meredith Bryce, Jean Littlejohn, and Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet.[3]
Career
editAfter graduating, she became a resident medical officer at the Royal Melbourne Hospital.[1] In 1923, Macnamara became a resident doctor at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne. Hospital authorities had at first been reluctant to employ her on the grounds that it had no toilet facilities for women doctors.[5] During her time at the Children's Hospital, there was a polio outbreak. She and Burnet demonstrated that there was more than one strain of the virus, a fact that would be important in the later development of the Salk vaccine. Between 1925 and 1931 she was consultant and medical officer responsible to the Poliomyelitis Committee of Victoria, and between 1930 and 1931 was an honorary adviser on polio to official authorities in New South Wales, South Australia and Tasmania.[1]
In 1931, she received a Rockefeller Fellowship to travel to England and United States to study orthopaedics. She met President Franklin D. Roosevelt. When she returned to Australia in 1934 she married dermatologist Joseph Ivan Connor, and they had two daughters, Joan and Merran. She conducted a successful orthopaedic work, and for this contribution was created DBE in 1935. Although she was considered the foremost Australian authority on the treatment of poliomyelitis, she continued to recommend the use of convalescent serum and splinting to immobilise limbs long after these treatments were abandoned in America.[6][7]
In the 1930s, she encouraged the Australian government to trial the myxoma virus to combat the Australian rabbit plague.[8] Although trials were initially unsuccessful, she lobbied that they be continued, and when the virus became epizootic in 1951, the mosquito vector spread the virus among wild rabbits, killing millions.[9]
Death and legacy
editMacnamara died at the age of 69 from cardiovascular disease in 1968[1] in South Yarra.[10]
Seven other Australian medical scientists were commemorated in the issue of a set of four Australian stamps released in 1995. She appears on the 45 cent stamp with fellow University of Melbourne graduate, Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet.[citation needed]
In 2018, the Australian Electoral Commission renamed the federal electoral division of Melbourne Ports to Macnamara in her honour.[11]
A suburb of Canberra was named Macnamara, Australian Capital Territory in commemoration of Jean Macnamara.[12] Macnamara Place, in the Canberra suburb of Chisholm, is also named in her honour.[13] Jean Macnamara Street and Jean Macnamara Playground in the Canberra suburb of Macgregor are also named for her.
On April 1, 2020, Google honoured her 121st birthday with a Google Doodle.[14]
Awards and honours
edit- 1935: Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire
References
edit- ^ a b c d Smith, Anne G. (1986). "Macnamara, Dame Annie Jean (1899–1968)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 10. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. pp. 345–347. ISBN 978-0-522-84327-9. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 1193355528. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
- ^ Notice of 1935 DBEs, LondonGazette.co.uk. Accessed 27 May 2024.
- ^ a b c Australian Dictionary of Biography website, Dame Annie Jean Macnamara (1899-1968), article by Ann G. Smith
- ^ Encyclopedia of Australian Science and Innovation website, Macnamara, Annie Jean DBE (1899 - 1968)
- ^ Sherratt, Tim (Summer 1993). "No Standing Back: Dame Jean Macnamara". Australasian Science. 13 (4). Hawksburn, Vic.: Control Publications: 64. ISSN 1442-679X. OCLC 173413037. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Bright Sparcs / The University of Melbourne eScholarship Research Centre.
- ^ Paul, John R.; Rosenberg, Charles E. (1971). A History of Poliomyelitis. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-01324-5. OCLC 118817.[page needed]
- ^ Yale Studies in the History of Science and Medicine. Yale University Press. 1971. ISBN 9780300013245.
- ^ "Graziers Thank Woman Scientist". The Lyndhurst Shire Chronicle. NSW: National Library of Australia. 9 July 1952. p. 3. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
- ^ Fenner, Frank (2006). Nature, Nurture and Chance: The Lives of Frank and Charles Fenner. ANU E Press. pp. 82–85. ISBN 978-1-920942-63-2.
- ^ "Dame Annie Jean Macnamara". Obituaries Australia. 14 October 1968. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ "Victoria gets new seat named after Malcolm Fraser, ACT gains one called Bean". ABC News. 6 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ Sibthorpe, Clare (25 July 2016). "New West Belconnen suburbs named Strathnairn and Macnamara". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "National Memorials Ordinance 1928 Determination". Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. Periodic (P11). Canberra: Australian Govt. Pub. Service: 4. 15 May 1987. OCLC 32585244. Retrieved 6 January 2024 – via Trove.
- ^ Ritschel, Chelsea (1 April 2020). "Dame Jean Macnamara: Google honours work of pioneering polio scientist and doctor". The Independent. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
Further reading
edit- Zwar, Desmond (1984). The Dame: the life and times of Dame Jean Macnamara, medical pioneer. South Melbourne: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-38045-1. OCLC 12721226.