Magnisudis atlantica, the duckbill barracudina, is a fish belonging to the genus Magnisudis of the family Paralepididae. It is a carnivorous fish that is endemic to the Atlantic Ocean (with the exception of the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean) and to much of the southern and northern Pacific Ocean.[1][2]
| Magnisudis atlantica | |
|---|---|
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| Magnisudis atlantica, drawn by Emma Freytag-Kissling | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Aulopiformes |
| Family: | Paralepididae |
| Genus: | Magnisudis |
| Species: | M. atlantica
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| Binomial name | |
| Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868)
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| Synonyms | |
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Taxonomy
editThe species was first described by the Danish zoologist Henrik Nikolai Krøyer in 1868. Its genus name Magnisudis is derived from the Latin words magnus ("large") and sudis ("stake"), while the species name atlantica refers to the fish being predominantly found in the Atlantic Ocean. The fish's common name is a reference to the shape of its jaw being similar to that of a duck's bill.[3]
Description and appearance
editMagnisudis atlantica can grow as large as 56 centimeters in length however they generally average around 43 centimeters.[4][5]
Fishes of this species vary mildly in color from a dark gray or light black to a pale sandy beige. They have a line of similarly colored and well defined scales running down their lateral line. The gill slits, mouth and jaws are a silvery metallic color.
Distribution and habitat
editAll oceans with the exception of the Arctic and Southern oceans are suitable environments for M. atlantica. However, the majority of specimens have been found within the northern Atlantic. Additionally there is a sizable minority of specimens which have been recorded along the Pacific coast of the Americas. A small amount of specimens have been found off the east coast of Japan and the Kamchatka Peninsula as well as the east coast of Australia off New South Wales.[2]
Magnisudis atlantica is generally pelagic and can be found in the mesopelagic to bathypelagic zone at depths of 66–2166 meters. It often lives closer to the coast in colder waters.[5][6][7]
Reproduction
editMagnisudis atlantica spawns year round in subtropical and tropical waters.[8]
Diet and predation
editMagnisudis atlantica feeds on small fish and shrimp and is in turn preyed upon by sharks, tuna and fish-eating whales.[9]
References
edit- ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
- ^ a b "Computer Generated Species Distribution Map". www.aquamaps.org. Retrieved 2019-03-21.
- ^ Lourdes, Maria & Palomares, M L D & Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel. (2019). A PRELIMINARY LIST OF ENGLISH COMMON NAMES.
- ^ Caspers, H. (1979). "Alwyne Wheeler: Das große Buch der Fische.-Mit 500 Farbfotos und 700 Zeichnungen, 356 S. –Stuttgart: Verlag Eugen Ulmer 1977". Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie. 64 (4): 577–578. doi:10.1002/iroh.19790640421. ISBN 3-8001-7029-9. ISSN 0020-9309.
- ^ a b 1990. Paralepididae. p. 373-384. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1.
- ^ Mundy, Bruce (2005). Checklist of the Fishes of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum Press. p. 206. ISBN 1-58178-044-3.
- ^ Klaus, Riede (2004). Global register of migratory species: from global to regional scales: final report of the R&D-Projekt 808 05 081. Bonn, Germany: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. p. 329. ISBN 9783784338453.
- ^ Muss, Bent; Nielsen, Jørgen; Dahlstrøm, Preben; Nyström, Bente (1999). Sea fish. Hedehusene, Denmark: Scandinavian Fishing Year Book. p. 340. ISBN 87-90787-00-5.
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Magnisudis atlantica (Krøyer, 1868)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-04-09.