Wikipedia

Magnum XL-200

Magnum XL-200, colloquially known as simply Magnum, is a steel roller coaster built by Arrow Dynamics at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. When it opened in 1989, it was the tallest, fastest, and steepest complete-circuit roller coaster in the world as well as the first hypercoaster – a roller coaster that exceeds 200 feet (61 m) in height.[1] Some have credited Magnum with starting a period in the industry known as the roller coaster wars, in which amusement parks competed with one another at a rapid pace to build the next tallest and fastest roller coaster.[2][3] More than 40 million people had ridden Magnum by 2009.[4]

Magnum XL-200
Cedar Point
LocationCedar Point
Park sectionGemini Midway
Coordinates41°29′7.25″N 82°41′10″W / 41.4853472°N 82.68611°W / 41.4853472; -82.68611
StatusOperating
Opening dateMay 6, 1989 (1989-05-06)
CostUS$8,000,000
General statistics
TypeSteel
ManufacturerArrow Dynamics
DesignerRon Toomer
ModelHyper Coaster
Track layoutOut and Back
Lift/launch systemChain lift hill
Height205 ft (62 m)
Drop194.7 ft (59.3 m)
Length5,106 ft (1,556 m)
Speed72 mph (116 km/h)
Inversions0
Duration2:00
Max vertical angle60°
Capacity2,000 riders per hour
Height restriction48 in (122 cm)
Trains3 trains with 6 cars. Riders are arranged 2 across in 3 rows for a total of 36 riders per train.
Fast Lane available
Magnum XL-200 at RCDB

Magnum XL-200 held the title of tallest roller coaster in the world until 1994 when The Big One opened at Blackpool Pleasure Beach in the United Kingdom, as well as the title of longest drop and fastest speed until surpassed two years later by Steel Phantom at Kennywood Park outside Pittsburgh. Amusement Today's Golden Ticket Awards ranked the ride as the best steel roller coaster each year from 1998 to 2000. Magnum XL-200 continues to rank among the top 50 steel roller coasters; as of 2022, it was ranked 25th in the world.[5]

History

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By the mid-1980s, Cedar Point had grown into a successful collection of roller coasters and other smaller rides on the shores of Lake Erie. In 1986, Dick Kinzel took over as president and CEO of Cedar Fair, the company that operated the park at the time. Kinzel saw a report on CNN in 1988 about the opening of a new coaster in Japan called Bandit at Yomiuriland that emphasized height and speed but had no inversions.[6] Kinzel wanted to introduce a similar coaster that emphasized steep drops and negative g-forces over inversions and spins, which were common at the time. It had been 10 years since the last major addition, Gemini, was introduced. Cedar Point asked for proposals from TOGO, Dinn Corporation, Intamin and Arrow Dynamics to build a roller coaster without inversions or over-the-shoulder restraints. They chose Arrow, due to the weakness of the dollar at the time, which eliminated overseas production. Arrow was also working on the new Iron Dragon at the time. Arrow and Ron Toomer proposed a 187 feet (57 m)-tall coaster, to best the then-largest roller coaster drop on Shockwave at Six Flags Great America. That got Cedar Point's management interested in breaking the 200-foot (61 m) barrier, partly because of the publicity to be gained from building the first roller coaster to do so.[7] The name Magnum XL-200 was chosen because Magnum, P.I. was popular at the time.[8] "XL" and "200" were added for "extra-long" and standing at least 200 feet (61 m) tall, respectively.[7] The original proposal was to cost $7.5 million, but was raised to $8 million after the height was extended to 200 feet (61 m).[8][9] Funds from Cedar Fair going public on the New York Stock Exchange in April 1987 were used to fund the ride.[7]

Construction and opening

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Entrance sign introduced on Magnum's 20th anniversary in 2009

Magnum XL-200 was announced on August 16, 1988, and construction began shortly thereafter.[10] Following its completion in 1989, Kinzel was one of the first people to ride the coaster, boarding the train after one test cycle.[11][7] It officially opened to the public on May 6, 1989, as the world's tallest, fastest and steepest complete-circuit roller coaster. It was measured for the Guinness Book of World Records on June 2.[12][13] Cedar Point set a record attendance in 1989, due in part to the introduction of Magnum.[4]

Magnum is often credited as shifting the focus of Cedar Point, as noted by then-park Vice President, John Hildebrandt: "We all were smart enough to know we had something. Big steel made a big difference and with Magnum we started branding ourselves as a big time roller coaster park".[7] Magnum was awarded the ACE Roller Coaster Landmark award on June 21, 2004.[14] To date, Magnum has been repainted once; the original track color was scarlet red, and later repainted Molly orange in late 2005 which was completed in 2006.[15] Cedar Point celebrated Magnum's 20th anniversary on opening day in 2009 with a ceremony and an appearance by Ron Toomer, its designer. A new entrance sign was also introduced.[3][16]

Magnum XL-200 has been the target of false rumors since 1998 claiming the structure was sinking due to unstable ground. The rumors supposedly started as an April Fools' Day joke in an Ohio newspaper, but quickly spread via the Internet. Cedar Point quickly denounced such rumors.[4][17]

In 2019, Magnum XL-200 celebrated its 30th anniversary. The ride was repainted and new special effects were installed in the third tunnel.[18]

Ride experience

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Layout

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After the train departs the station, it travels over the resort gate walkway, down a slight decline into a 90-degree turn to the right and engages the chain, which operates at a speed of 6 mph (9.7 km/h), to begin the 205-foot (62 m) climb to the top of the lift hill. The train descends 194.7 feet (59.3 m) at a 60-degree angle, reaching a top speed of 72 miles per hour (116 km/h). The train then ascends a 157-foot (48 m) camelback hill, curving to the left into the first tunnel. Coming out of the tunnel, the train ascends a third, 80-foot (24 m)-tall hill. After the third hill, it enters a set of trim brakes and a pretzel-shaped turnaround where it curves to the left toward the beach and then left again into another tunnel. The train then traverses over seven airtime hills and a third tunnel into a mid-course brake run. The train turns left and goes back over the walkway to Cedar Point Shores. It then turns right and enters the brake run, followed by a 90-degree right turn back into the station.[2][19][20] One cycle of the ride lasts about 2 minutes.[1]

Trains

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Riders coming back to the station
 
Magnum XL-200 illuminated at night in July 2023

Magnum XL-200 has three white-and-black trains. Each train has red, black or blue striping at the front.[21] Each train has six cars; riders are arranged two-across in three rows for a total of 36 riders per train.[12] Riders are secured by an individual ratcheting lap bar and a seat belt.[22]

When Magnum XL-200 opened, it used up-stop pads similar to those still in use on Gemini, as well as Cedar Creek Mine Ride. Shortly after its debut, however, these up-stop plates were replaced with more traditional up-stop wheels that stops excess wear and tear.[23]

Track

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Magnum XL-200's steel track is 5,106 feet (1,556 m) in length, and its main hill is approximately 205 feet (62 m) high.[1] The track consists of a tubular steel spine connected by struts to tubular steel running rails.[22] Like other Arrow coasters at the time, sections of Magnum's track were hand-welded together in place without the assistance of computer-aided design, leading to bumpy, non-smooth transitions throughout the course of the ride.[24] Each track section's measurement ranges from 2 to 200 feet (0.61 to 60.96 m), and 157 structural columns are used for support.[9]

Incidents

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On May 26, 2007, one of the coaster's trains collided with another at less than 10 miles per hour (16 km/h), causing minor damage to both trains and minor injuries to at least three passengers. Two people were taken to a first aid station, and a third person was taken to a local hospital because of an asthma attack. The ride reopened the next day and park spokesman Robin Innes said the accident was caused by rain: "We think it was just caused by excessive moisture on the tracks due to the heavy rain storms we had in the morning."[25]

Awards and rankings

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Magnum's ACE Landmark sign

Magnum XL-200 was designated an ACE Roller Coaster Landmark on June 21, 2004, at the 27th Annual Convention of the American Coaster Enthusiasts. It received the designation for inspiring more than a dozen similar rides on three continents and for being the first hypercoaster.[14]

Golden Ticket Awards: Top steel Roller Coasters
Year 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 2024
Ranking 1[26] 1[27] 1[28] 3[29] 3[30] 4[31] 3[32] 3[33] 3[34] 5[35] 7[36] 9[37] 8[38] 10[39] 8[40] 9[41] 13[42] 15[43] 15[44] 23[45] 14[46] 18[47] 20[48] 25[5] 30[49] 36[50]
NAPHA Survey: Favorite Steel Roller Coaster
Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2019
Ranking
2[51]
2[51]
3[51]
3[51]
2[51]
2[51]
2 (tie)[51]

Records

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Preceded by World's Tallest Complete Circuit Roller Coaster
May 1989 – May 1994 		Succeeded by
Preceded by World's Longest Roller Coaster Drop
May 1989 – May 1991 		Succeeded by
Preceded by World's Fastest Roller Coaster
May 1989 – May 1991

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Magnum XL-200 stats and info". Ultimate Roller Coaster. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  2. ^ a b "Magnum XL-200". Experience the Point. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Magnum XL-200 20th anniversary ceremony". PointBuzz. Archived from the original on July 25, 2010. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
  4. ^ a b c "A Blast from the Past Part 3". News Plus Notes. November 12, 2009. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  5. ^ a b "2022 Golden Ticket Award Winners". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2022. Archived from the original on September 12, 2022.
  6. ^ Holmes, Scott; Holmes, Carol (2009). "20 Years of Magnum". RollerCoaster! Magazine. 30 (4). Zanesville, Ohio: American Coaster Enthusiasts: 4–11. ISSN 0896-7261.
  7. ^ a b c d e O'Brien, Tim (October 2015). Dick Kinzel: Roller Coaster King of Cedar Point Amusement Park. Casa Flamingo Literary Arts. pp. 31, 34. ISBN 978-0-9743324-6-8.
  8. ^ a b "A Blast from the Past Part. Henry Haller 1". News Plus Notes. October 29, 2009. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  9. ^ a b "A Blast from the Past Part. 2". News Plus Notes. November 5, 2009. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  10. ^ "Ohio roller coaster to be fastest ride". Associated Press. August 17, 1988. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
  11. ^ Chavezblade, Jon (December 25, 2011). "Kinzel reflects on wild ride". Toledo Blade. Retrieved January 20, 2012.
  12. ^ a b Marden, Duane. "Magnum XL-200  (Cedar Point)". Roller Coaster DataBase.
  13. ^ "PointBuzz Timeline". PointBuzz. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  14. ^ a b "ACE Coaster Landmark". American Coaster Enthusiasts. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
  15. ^ "Magnum XL-200 gets repainted". Cedar Point. Archived from the original on May 5, 2006. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
  16. ^ "It's opening weekend at Cedar Point". Associated Press. May 15, 2009. Archived from the original on May 18, 2009. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
  17. ^ "Is Magnum XL-200 sinking?". Cedarpoint.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved December 16, 2007.
  18. ^ "Cedar Point announces changes to 2 roller coasters: See what's in store for Magnum XL-200 and Cedar Creek Mine Ride in 2019".
  19. ^ "Magnum XL-200 POV". 2011. Archived from the original on December 17, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
  20. ^ "Brakes and Lift Hill". Coaster-Net. January 1, 2011. Archived from the original on December 6, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  21. ^ "Magnum XL-200 Red Train". Themeparkcritic. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
  22. ^ a b "Arrow Dyanamics Hypercoasters". Archived from the original on December 16, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  23. ^ Sandy, Adam (2006). "Roller Coaster History — Late Eighties". Ultimate RollerCoaster. Retrieved November 23, 2012.
  24. ^ "Super Coasters: Magnum XL-200". National Geographic. Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
  25. ^ "Rain blamed for Magnum malfunction". Sandusky Register. May 28, 2007. Retrieved September 7, 2012.
  26. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 1998.
  27. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 1999.
  28. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. August 2000.
  29. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. August 2001. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  30. ^ "Top 25 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 7B. September 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  31. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 14–15B. September 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  32. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 18–19B. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2007.
  33. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 26–27B. September 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  34. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today: 26–27B. September 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  35. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 11 (6.2): 36–37. September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  36. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 12 (6.2): 36–37. September 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  37. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 13 (6.2): 32–33. September 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  38. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 14 (6.2): 34–35. September 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  39. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 15 (6.2): 38–39. September 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  40. ^ "Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 16 (6.2): 36–37. September 2012.
  41. ^ "2013 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 17 (6.2): 34–35. September 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2013.
  42. ^ "2014 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 18 (6.2): 46–47. September 2014.
  43. ^ "2015 Top 50 steel Roller Coasters" (PDF). Amusement Today. 19 (6.2): 49–50. September 2015.
  44. ^ "2016 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2016.
  45. ^ "2017 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2017.
  46. ^ "2018 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2018.
  47. ^ "2019 Top 50 Steel Coasters". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2019.
  48. ^ "2021 Golden Ticket Award Winners". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2021. Archived from the original on November 15, 2021.
  49. ^ "2023 Golden Ticket Award Winners". Amusement Today. 27 (6.2): 66–70. September 2023. Archived from the original on September 10, 2023.
  50. ^ "2024 Golden Ticket Award Winners". Golden Ticket Awards. Amusement Today. September 2024. Archived from the original on September 9, 2024.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g "NAPHA 2005–2011 Survey Results". National Amusement Park Historical Association. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
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