Wikipedia

Mahagathbandhan (Uttar Pradesh)

This article is about the political alliance in Indian state of Uttar Pradesh formed during the 2019 elections. For other such alliances with the same name, see Mahagathbandhan.

The Mahagathbandhan (or Grand Alliance), or MGB,[10] or simply the Gathbandhan (Alliance),[11][12] was an anti-Congress,[13][14] anti-BJP,[15][16][17] Indian political alliance formed in the run-up to the 2019 general election under the leadership of two former Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, Akhilesh Yadav of the Samajwadi Party and Mayawati of the Bahujan Samaj Party, along with Ajit Singh's Rashtriya Lok Dal.

Mahagathbandhan
AbbreviationMGB
Founder
HeadquartersUttar Pradesh[1]
IdeologyBig tent
Factions:
Social equality[2]
Social justice[3]
Self-respect[4]
Social democracy[5]
Left-wing populism[6]
Social conservatism[7]
Communism[8]
Marxism-Leninism[9]

The Mahagathbandhan left 2 seats in Uttar Pradesh for Congress president Rahul Gandhi and his mother Sonia Gandhi to run in and Mayawati declared its support for the two.[18] The coalition alliance has brought together "two arch rivals" of the past, and have been campaigning at the grassroots level.[19]

Mahagathbandhan opposed BJP's Narendra Modi in the 2019 general elections.[20] According to the Business Standard, the Mahagathbandhan attempted to compete in the 2019 election using caste vote bank arithmetic.[10] The Mahagathbandhan alliance was projected as a "bulwark against a second term for BJP", but found little support among the voters and was "virtually swept away", according to The Tribune India.[21] In June 2019, Mayawati blamed the general elections defeat of the alliance on the weakness within the Samajwadi party, its failure to consolidate the backward caste votes. Mayawati ended the alliance. The Samajwadi Party confirmed the "undoing of the Mahagathbandhan", according to The Week.[22]

Background

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The Samajwadi Party (SP) and the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) are the two largest parties in the 2019 Mahagathbandhan. Kanshi Ram and Mulayam Singh Yadav formed an alliance in the early 1990s, when they formed a coalition government in the state of Uttar Pradesh, with Mulayam Singh Yadav as the state's chief minister.[23] The alliance won the 1993 assembly elections against BJP. They used the slogan Mile Mulayam, Kanshi Ram, Hava mein ud gaye Jai Shri Ram in the wake of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, with the slogan meaning "Mulayam & Kanshiram Come Together, Jai Shri Ram Vanishes".[24][25] In 1991 and 1993 elections, Mulayam Singh Yadav transferred his votes to Kanshi Ram's BSP.[26][27] In undivided UP, BSP contested 164 seats and won 67 while SP contested 256 seats and won 109 in the house of 425 resulting in coalition government formed with Congress's support from the outside.[28]

On 1 June 1995, Mayawati accused Samajwadi party of usurping its voters and decided to end the alliance.[28] The Samajwadi leadership learned that the Bahujan Samaj Party had decided to end the alliance. On 2 June 1995, states the Indian Express, Samajwadi Party's leaders decided to raid BSP, create a breakaway group in the BSP, bring the breakaway group into the SP to keep power. These leaders, along with grassroots level workers of the Samajwadi Party, then went to the Bahujan Samaj Party guest house where a meeting was in progress. There, they surrounded the premises and began a rampage armed with weapons.[23][29] According to the Economic Times, the Samajwadi workers "hurled casteist slurs at her and threatened her."[28] The SP group is alleged to have beaten up the BSP representatives and workers with lathis (wooden rods), held them against their will, and had sought to beat up Mayawati. A Bharatiya Janata Party leader named Brahm Dutt Dwivedi, states The Indian Express, present at the site, protected Mayawati from a physical assault from the rampaging Samajwadi Party team.[23] This event, called the "Guest House Episode" in regional political history, led to a nearly two-decade split and bitter confrontation between the Samajwadi Party and the Bahujan Samaj Party.[23] After the fall of the government, BJP offered support to BSP to form the government. The journalist Subhash Mishra alleges that the BJP extended its support to the BSP in 1995 to divide the Dalit, Other Backward Castes and Muslim vote banks of SP and BSP.[30]

Both SP and BSP have alternatively held power and accused the other of corruption since 1995. In 2003, for example, Mayawati alleged corruption by Samajwadi Party leadership. Her government filed 136 charges against Mulayam Singh Yadav for misusing the state's discretionary fund.[31] In 2007, Mulayam Singh Yadav slapped corruption charges on Mayawati in the Taj corridor scam, according to The Times of India.[31] In 2009, while Mayawati was in power, her BSP party workers were accused by the opposition for framing them, burning their house, and of physical assault.[32] In 2012, the Samajwadi Party won the state assembly elections, and after the election results were announced, its workers physically assaulted the Bahujan Samaj Party leaders.[31] In 2013, Mayawati termed the Samajwadi-led government as "mafias, goondas and criminals" running the show, demanding the central Congress-led government to intervene in the law and order situation in the state.[33]

During a series of by-elections in March 2018, Mayawati ordered BSP voters to transfer their votes to Samajwadi Party candidates. The journalist Piyush Srivastava states that this defeated the BJP candidates in the Gorakhpur and Phulpur constituencies.[34]

Mahagathbandhan members

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Party Symbol Leader(s) Contesting Seats[35]
Bahujan Samaj Party BSP
 
 Mayawati 38
Samajwadi Party SP
 
 Akhilesh Yadav 37
Rashtriya Lok Dal RLD
 
 Chaudhary Ajit Singh 3

Mahagathbandhan campaign

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Mahagathbandhan leaders before a crucial meeting

Mahagathbandhan held many election rallies in different Lok Sabha constituencies.[36][37][38][39][40] BSP's unit Bahujan Volunteer Force and SP's unit Lohia Vahini worked with cooperation during campaign.[41] BSP pledged to offer new farming model in Himachal Pradesh.[42] In Punjab, resurgent BSP drew huge crowds in comparison to Congress.[43] Mayawati herself campaigned for Mulayam Singh Yadav, Akhilesh Yadav and Dimple Yadav[44][45][46] and herself voted for SP's cycle symbol first time in her political history.[47] BSP-LSP Alliance in Haryana created Dalit-OBC social coalition.[48] Slogans of Mahagathbandhan include Jai Bhim, Jai Bharat, Jai Lohia and Mahagathbandhan Se Mahaparivartan.[49][50] University of Oxford's Oxford Internet Institute conducted study which stated that Mahagathbandhan shared least junk news while BJP and Congress shared large amount of divisive and conspiratorial content on social media in 2019 elections.[51][52]

Support to Mahagathbandhan

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Mahagathbandhan has received support from Aam Aadmi Party,[53][54] Congress,[55] Akhil Bhartiya Jat Aarakshan Sangharsh Samiti[56] and Jamaat-e-Islami Hind.[57]

Opinion polls

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In a survey conducted by the India Today group, the Mahagathbandhan was expected to have considerable success in the 2019 elections, being projected to win 58 seats in total.[58] According to a News Nation's opinion poll, the SP-BSP alliance was "likely to win 41 to 42 seats" in Uttar Pradesh, the BJP-AD alliance was likely to win 37 seats, and the Congress winning only 1 seat.[59][60] According to India TV-CNX opinion poll, the BJP-AD alliance was likely to win 41 seats, the BSP-SP-RLD alliance likely to win 35, while 4 seats were likely for the Congress.[61] Ambit projected BJP winning just 30 to 35 seats with 34.2 per cent vote share and Mahagathbandhan getting 45 per cent votes in UP.[62] Om Prakash Rajbhar claimed BJP would get less seats than BSP-SP-RLD combine.[63]

However, in the election, the Mahagathbandhan performed much more poorly than those projections securing 15 seats of 80, while the BJP performed much better securing 62 of the 80 seats.[64]

Views on other parties

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In May 2019, Mayawati of the Mahagathbandhan accused BJP and Congress of being anti-dalit and anti-OBC.[65]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Locked in a contest with Mahagathbandhan, BJP edgy in western UP". Business Line. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  2. ^ "BSP stands for social equality". Deccan Herald. 11 February 2008. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  3. ^ "Cong damaged cause of social justice: Mayawati". Hindustan Times. 10 April 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  4. ^ "A Chamar will be my successor: Mayawati". The Hindu. 28 August 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  5. ^ Singh, Mahendra Prasad; Saxena, Rekha (2003). India at the Polls: Parliamentary Elections in the Federal Phase. Orient Blackswan. p. 78. ISBN 978-8-125-02328-9.
  6. ^ "Mulayam's son Prateek Yadav attracts eye balls during ride in Rs 5 crore Lamborghini". Zee News. ANI. 14 January 2017. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  7. ^ Vij, Shivam (5 June 2014). "Which political party has most clearly and consistently opposed women's rights?". Scroll.in. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  8. ^ Chakrabarty, Bidyut (2014). Communism in India: Events, Processes and Ideologies. Oxford University Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-199-97489-4.
  9. ^ "Brief History of CPI - CPI". Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2015.
  10. ^ a b "BJP has numbers to crack MGB's caste code in UP's final round (IANS Special)". Business Standard India. IANS. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  11. ^ Verma, Lalmani (2 April 2019). "For UP gathbandhan, RLD is first off the block, SP-BSP yet to get going". The Indian Express. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  12. ^ "'SP-BSP-RLD thagbandhan won't cross double digits'". The Hindu. PTI. 14 April 2019. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  13. ^ Chaturvedi, Swati (1 May 2019). "Opinion: With Typical Arrogance, Congress Dents Opposition Unity Again". NDTV. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  14. ^ P, Shilpa (11 April 2019). "We can become kingmakers: BSP chief Mayawati eggs on party workers". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  15. ^ "BSP will play a role in 'balance of power' at Centre: Mayawati". The Hindu. 10 April 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  16. ^ "Since mahagathbandhan was formed, BJP lost sleep: Mayawati". Deccan Chronicle. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  17. ^ "India Elections: What To Expect Under Modi 2.0". Forbes. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  18. ^ "Lok Sabha elections 2019: Mahagathbandhan vote will go to Congress in Amethi, Rae Bareli: Mayawati". Hindustan Times. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  19. ^ "SP-BSP Gathbandhan: How effective is the alliance?". The Economic Times. 12 April 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  20. ^ "Mahagathbandhan standing like a wall between Modi and his second term". The Economic Times. 15 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  21. ^ Naim, Shahira (24 May 2019). "Mahagathbandhan fails to make it". Tribune. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  22. ^ Awasthi, Puja (5 June 2019). "Mahagathbandhan: Why SP is relieved Mayawati pulled plug on alliance". The Week. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  23. ^ a b c d The story of the Guest House, Ravish Tiwari, The Indian Express (28 April 2019)
  24. ^ Seetharaman, G. (23 March 2019). "Slogans that have changed electoral battles". The Economic Times. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  25. ^ "Lok Sabha elections in UP: Witness to historic SP-BSP union in 1993, this SP leader hopes for a longer inning this time". The Times of India. 7 April 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  26. ^ "Etawah, where 'gathbandhan' clicked in 1991". The Times of India. 28 April 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  27. ^ "From Mulayam-Kanshi Ram to Maya-Akhilesh, How SP-BSP Joined Hands to Halt BJP Juggernaut". News18. 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  28. ^ a b c "Maya-Mulayam: Dosti, dushmani and dosti again". The Economic Times. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  29. ^ Despite 1995 guest house episode, this alliance for sake of country, says Mayawati, The Telegraph (19 April 2019)
  30. ^ "Mayawati: Will SP, BSP join hands against BJP which split them in 1995?". The Times of India. 17 April 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  31. ^ a b c Guest house episode of 1995 that soured SP-BSP relations, TNN, The Times of India (19 April 2019)
  32. ^ Barbaric way of taming the opposition, The Times of India (16 July 2009)
  33. ^ Mafias, criminals ruling UP: Mayawati, Press Trust of India, India TV (22 July 2013)
  34. ^ "Votes transferred, Maya stands tall". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  35. ^ "SP, BSP announce tie-up for Lok Sabha polls, to contest 38 seats each in UP – Times of India ►". The Times of India. 12 January 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2019.
  36. ^ Chowdhury, Neerja (12 April 2019). "A changed Uttar Pradesh". The Tribune. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  37. ^ "Mahagathbandhan of poor, deprived will bring acche din: Akhilesh Yadav". The Indian Express. 13 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  38. ^ "Daily Dispatch: Will SP-BSP-RLD Mahagathbandhan Defeat the BJP?". The Quint. 7 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  39. ^ "Akhilesh: Mahagathbandhan giving sleepless nights to BJP". The Pioneer. 11 April 2019. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  40. ^ "At first UP mahagathbandhan rally, Muslims, Jats, Dalits share seats, set allies on their way". ThePrint. 7 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  41. ^ "More about optics at Mainpuri rally as cadres of BSP, SP mirror bonhomie of leaders". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 19 April 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  42. ^ "BSP candidate from Kangra seat won't take it lying down". Tribuneindia News Service. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  43. ^ "Resurgent BSP could spell trouble for Cong". The Tribune. 8 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  44. ^ Jigeesh, A. M. (19 April 2019). "Mayawati campaigns for Mulayam, preaches unity to cadre". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  45. ^ "Modi not OBC by birth, says Mayawati". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  46. ^ "Kannauj: Dimple Yadav touches Mayawati's feet, she seeks votes for 'bahu'". in.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  47. ^ "Mayawati's Lucknow conundrum: Will BSP chief finally break tradition she held on to for over two decades?". The Financial Express. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  48. ^ "The Haryana leader who's uniting anti-Jat forces and could hurt BJP & Congress". ThePrint. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  49. ^ "Mayawati adds Jai Lohia to BSP slogan at Kannauj rally". India Today. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  50. ^ "Akhilesh tweets alliance 'logo' made by supporter". The Indian Express. 20 March 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  51. ^ "BJP, Congress share more 'junk news' on WhatsApp than BSP-SP, says Oxford study". The Indian Express. 14 May 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  52. ^ "Samajwadi Party, BSP social media content least sensational: Oxford study". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  53. ^ "Lok Sabha Elections 2019: Aam Aadmi Party to support SP-BSP alliance in 2019 polls". Hindustan Times. 16 March 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  54. ^ "Support 'secular mahagathbandhan', stop Modi-Shah duo: Kejriwal". The Asian Age. 25 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  55. ^ "'Will Help Mahagathbandhan Where We Can't Win in UP': Rahul Gandhi". The Quint. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  56. ^ "Jat outfit to back SP-BSP on 23 Lok Sabha seats, Congress on two - Times of India". The Times of India. 8 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  57. ^ "Jamaat-e-Islaami Hind asks Muslims to support 'secular parties' in UP". Times of India. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  58. ^ "Without Congress, SP-BSP will bring BJP+ down to 18 seats in Uttar Pradesh: Mood of the Nation poll". India Today. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  59. ^ "Uttar Pradesh Opinion Poll: 'Mahagathbandhan' may give tough fight to NDA, likely to win 41 seats- News Nation". News Nation. 8 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  60. ^ "UP: BJP vs Mahagathbandhan - who will win Hindi heartland state?- News Nation". News Nation. 31 March 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  61. ^ Crossing 272: Tough task for BJP, opinion polls suggest, The Deccan Herald (10 March 2019)
  62. ^ "BJP to Get 30-35 Seats in UP, 190-210 Nationally: Brokerage Firm". The Quint. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  63. ^ "Om Prakash Rajbhar resigns as UP minister, says SP-BSP alliance will win more seats than BJP". The Indian Express. 6 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  64. ^ "Akhilesh and Maywati: Will the Mahagathban survive till 2022?". The Times of India. 23 May 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2019.
  65. ^ "Cong, BJP anti-Dalit, anti-OBC: Mayawati". The Tribune. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
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