Maintenance respiration (or maintenance energy) refers to metabolism occurring in an organism that is needed to maintain that organism in a healthy, living state. Maintenance respiration contrasts with growth respiration, which is responsible for the synthesis of new structures in growth, nutrient uptake, nitrogen (N) reduction and phloem loading, whereas maintenance respiration is associated with protein and membrane turnover and maintenance of ion concentrations and gradients.[1]
In plants
editMaintenance respiration in plants refers to the amount of cellular respiration, measured by the carbon dioxide (CO2) released or oxygen (O2) consumed, during the generation of usable energy (mainly ATP, NADPH, and NADH) and metabolic intermediates used for (i) resynthesis of compounds that undergo renewal (turnover) in the normal process of metabolism (examples are enzymatic proteins, ribonucleic acids, and membrane lipids); (ii) maintenance of chemical gradients of ions and metabolites across cellular membranes that are necessary for cellular integrity and plant health; and (iii) operation of metabolic processes involved in physiological adjustment (i.e., acclimation) to a change in the plant's environment.[2][3][4] The metabolic costs of the repair of injury from biotic or abiotic stress may also be considered a part of maintenance respiration.[2]
Maintenance respiration is essential for biological health and growth of plants. It is estimated that about half of the respiration carried out by terrestrial plants during their lifetime is for the support of maintenance processes.[5] Because typically more than half of global terrestrial plant photosynthesis (or gross primary production) is used for plant respiration,[4] more than one quarter of global terrestrial plant photosynthesis is presumably consumed in maintenance respiration.
Maintenance respiration is a key component of most physiologically based mathematical models of plant growth, including models of crop growth and yield and models of ecosystem primary production and carbon balance.[6][7][8]
References
edit- ^ Lötscher, Markus; Klumpp, Katja; Schnyder, Hans (2004). "Growth and maintenance respiration for individual plants in hierarchically structured canopies of Medicago sativa and Helianthus annuus: the contribution of current and old assimilates". New Phytologist. 164 (2): 305–316. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01170.x. ISSN 1469-8137. PMID 33873559.
- ^ a b Penning de Vries FWT (1975). "The cost of maintenance processes in plant cells", Annals of Botany, 39:77-92.
- ^ Lambers H, Szaniawski RK, de Visser R (1983). "Respiration for growth, maintenance and ion uptake. An evaluation of concepts, methods, values and their significance", Physiologia Plantarum, 58:556-563.
- ^ a b Amthor JS (2000). "The McCree--de Wit--Penning de Vries--Thornley Respiration Paradigms: 30 Years Later", Annals of Botany, 86:1-20.
- ^ Amthor JS (1989). Respiration and Crop Productivity, Springer-Verlag.
- ^ Canell MGR, Thornley JHM (2000) "Modelling the components of plant respiration: some guiding principles". Annals of Botany 85:45-54.
- ^ Amthor JS, and 12 others (2001). "Boreal forest CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration predicted by nine ecosystem process models: intermodel comparisons and relationships to field measurements". Journal of Geophysical Research 106:33,623-33,648.
- ^ Thornley JHM, France J (2007). Mathematical Models in Agriculture, CABI, Wallingford, UK.
- Thornley JHM (1970). "Respiration, growth and maintenance in plants", Nature, 35:721-728.
- Pirt SJ (1965) "The maintenance energy of bacteria in growing cultures". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 163:224-231.