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Shah Mahmood Qureshi

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Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Hussain Qureshi (Urdu: مخدوم شاہ محمود حسین قریشی; born 22 June 1956) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 37th minister of Foreign Affairs from 2018 to 2022. He previously held the post from 2008 to 2011. He had been a member of the National Assembly from August 2018 till January 2023. He is the vice chairman of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf political party since December 2011.[3][4] Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly from 2002 to May 2018.

Makhdoom
Shah Mahmood Qureshi
مخدوم شاہ محمود قریشی
Qureshi in March 2022
37th Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
20 August 2018 – 10 April 2022
Prime MinisterImran Khan
Preceded byAbdullah Hussain Haroon (Caretaker)
Succeeded byBilawal Bhutto Zardari
In office
31 March 2008 – 9 February 2011
Prime MinisterYusuf Raza Gillani
Preceded byInam-ul-Haq (Caretaker)
Succeeded byHina Rabbani Khar
Mayor of Multan
In office
28 March 2001[citation needed] – 5 January 2002
Preceded byMalik Aamir Dogar
Succeeded byMaj Azam Suleman (Acting)
Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs
In office
20 December 1994 – 5 November 1996
Prime MinisterBenazir Bhutto
Preceded byTanvir ul Hasan Gilani
Succeeded byShahid Hamid (Caretaker)
Provincial Minister for Finance of Punjab
In office
1990–1993
GovernorMian Muhammad Azhar
Chaudhry Altaf Hussain
Chief MinisterGhulam Haider Wyne
In office
1988–1990
GovernorTikka Khan
Chief MinisterNawaz Sharif
Provincial Minister of Punjab for Planning and Development
In office
1988–1990
GovernorTikka Khan
Chief MinisterMian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan
In office
25 July 2018 – 10 April 2022
ConstituencyNA156 Multan-III
In office
2013–2018
ConstituencyNA150 Multan-III
In office
2008 – November 2011
ConstituencyNA148 Multan-I
In office
2002–2007
ConstituencyNA148 Multan-I
In office
1993–1996
ConstituencyNA120 Multan-cum-Khanewal
Member of the Provincial Assembly of Punjab
In office
1990–1993
ConstituencyPP166 Multan
In office
1988–1990
ConstituencyPP166 Multan
In office
12 March 1985 – 30 May 1988
ConstituencyPP164 Multan
Vice chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Incumbent
Assumed office
3 December 2011
ChairmanImran Khan
Gohar Ali Khan
Preceded byPosition established
Personal details
Born
Makhdoom Shah Mahmood Hussain Qureshi

(1956-06-22) 22 June 1956 (age 68)[1][2]
Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
Political partyPTI (2011–present)
Other political
affiliations		PPP (1993–2011)
Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (1988–1993)
RelationsAshiq Hussain Qureshi (cousin)
Zahoor Hussain Qureshi (nephew)
ChildrenZain Qureshi
Parent
Alma materUniversity of Cambridge
Stanford University

Born in Multan, Punjab, Qureshi studied at Aitchison College and received Bachelor of Arts degree from Forman Christian College and Master of Arts degree from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He remained a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab for nine years from 1985 to 1993 and had served in the provincial cabinet in various positions between 1988 and 1993. He served as the minister of state for Parliamentary Affairs in the federal cabinet from 1993 to 1996 and later as the mayor of Multan from 2000 to 2002.

Early life and education

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Qureshi was born on 22 June 1956[5][6] in Multan, Punjab to a wealthy, political and prominent Makhdoom Qureshi family.[citation needed] His family is of saintly lineage and caretakers of the Shrine of Bahauddin Zakariya in Multan, which provides the family with substantial income, as well votes during the elections.[7][8] However, in 2014, he rejected the claims saying "I have never used religion for political gain. I have never dragged devotees of Sufi saints in political matters, and those who vote for me do it of their free will." after his brother accused Qureshi was using the names of Sufi saints for political gains and Qureshi using donations for the PTI.[8][7]

Qureshi is fluent in Urdu, English, Punjabi and Saraiki.[2] Qureshi's father Makhdoom Sajjad Hussain Qureshi was former member of Senate of Pakistan[9] and 15th Governor of the Punjab from 1985 to 1988[1] and was close friend of then President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq who appointed him as governor of Punjab.[9] Qureshi received his early education from Aitchison College, Lahore,[10] a bachelor's from Forman Christian College and received MA (Law) and MA (History) degree[9] from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.[1] He also holds a B.A. degree from University of the Punjab.[2]

Qureshi is married and he is a father of one son, named Zain Hussain Qureshi and two daughters.[1] Qureshi is an agriculturalist and was the president of the Farmers Association of Pakistan.[1]

Political career

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Qureshi was elected for the first time to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from Multan in 1985 Pakistani general election which were held on a non-party basis during the military government of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.[9] He joined the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) in 1986.[10][9][1]

Pakistan Muslim League (N)

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Qureshi later joined the faction of PML led by Nawaz Sharif, which would later become PML (N). When PML split in 1988 after the death of Zia-ul-Haq[10], and was re-elected for the second time to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from Multan in 1988 Pakistani general election and served as the Minister of Planning and Development in the provincial cabinet of Punjab of then Chief Minister of Punjab Nawaz Sharif from November 1988 to August 1990.[9][1][10][2]

Qureshi was re-elected for the third time to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from Multan as a candidate of PML N in 1990 Pakistani general election and served as the Minister of Finance in Chief Minister Manzoor Wattoo's provincial cabinet of Punjab from 1990 to 1993.[9][10]

Pakistan People's Party

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In 1993 he joined the Pakistan People's Party. Qureshi was elected for the first time to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Multan as a candidate of PPP in 1993 Pakistani general election. He was appointed as Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs under then Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto ministry. In November 1996, he was appointed as the spokesman of PPP.[1][10][2]

Qureshi was defeated in the 1997 Pakistani general election[2] by Makhdoom Javed Hashmi of PML-N.[10] He was offered a position in the Council of Economic Advisers to then President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf, which he refused.[1]

Qureshi served as the District Nazim (mayor) of Multan from 2000 to 2002.[10] During his mayor period, he well administrated the Multan district and oversaw a number of development projects.[2]

He was re-elected for the second time to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Multan in 2002 Pakistani general election on PPP seat and defeated Makhdoom Javed Hashmi.[10] Reportedly, he used his influence as a mayor of Multan to win the 2002 elections.[2] In 2006, Benazir Bhutto appointed Qureshi as the President of Pakistan Peoples Party Punjab[1][10] to revive the popularity of PPP in southern Punjab given his good experience.[11] Reportedly, Qureshi slapped an officer for beating a party activist of PPP in 2006.[1]

He was re-elected for the third time to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Multan in 2008 Pakistani general election.[10]

First term as Foreign minister

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U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Qureshi at the 2010 U.S. Pakistan Strategic Dialogue meeting.

Reportedly, Qureshi was a potential candidate for the Prime Minister of Pakistan in the coalition government headed by the PPP. However,[2] Qureshi was instead given the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs in the cabinet of Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani.[10][12]

After taking charge of the office, Qureshi immediately made clear that he was committed to establishing peace in the region and that maintaining friendly ties with neighbouring India were amongst his top priorities.[13] Qureshi went on his first visit as foreign minister to China in October 2008 with then Defence Minister of Pakistan Ahmad Mukhtar and then President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari.[14]

In 2011, Qureshi faced criticism in Pakistan when it was discovered that his son, Zain H. Qureshi, was working as a Legislative Fellow in the office of Senator John Kerry.[15]

In February 2011, the Government of Pakistan reduced the number of cabinet seats[16] and during the transition, Qureshi was offered the position of Minister of Water and Power. He declined, saying that he was "not interested in water and power ministry in place of foreign affairs."[17]

In February 2011, he lost the portfolio of Foreign Minister following the Raymond Davis affair.[18][10]

In November 2011, Qureshi resigned from the PPP where he had been for the past 20 years. He also quit his National Assembly membership[10] saying that "I had joined the PPP under Benazir Bhutto’s leadership, and PPP was no longer a party of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto; it is now Zardari league. He said he did not want to be a part of Zardari league and announced to resign from the party membership."[19][20]

Qureshi is one of three prominent politicians from Multan District, the other two being the Yousaf Raza Gillani and Javed Hashmi (Multan II) and are considered political rivals to each other.[21] It was reported that Qureshi would re-join PML-N.[21]

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf

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In late November 2011, Qureshi announced joining the Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI) at a rally in Ghotki.[10][22][23][24][25] On 4 December 2011, he was appointed as the first Vice Chairman of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf[26][27] as its parliamentary leader in National Assembly of Pakistan.[28] In 2016 intra-party elections, Qureshi was re-appointed as the Vice Chairman of PTI, which is considered one of the three senior most positions in the party.[29] He was re-elected to the National Assembly from Multan in 2013 Pakistani general election on the ticket of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.[27]

Second term as Foreign minister

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Qureshi with Mike Pompeo in Washington.

He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PTI from Constituency NA-156 (Multan-III) in 2018 Pakistani general election.[30] Following his successful election, he emerged as PTI's nominee for the office of Speaker of the National Assembly. Reportedly, Imran Khan convinced him to take the office because of his long parliamentary experience. However, Qureshi showed reluctance to take the portfolio.[31]

 
Qureshi (right) with Prime Minister Imran Khan (centre) and Donald Trump (left) in 2019.

On 18 August, Imran Khan formally announced his federal cabinet structure and Qureshi was named as Minister for Foreign Affairs.[32] On 20 August 2018, he was sworn in as Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs in the federal cabinet of Prime Minister Imran Khan.[33]

On 21 May 2021, while he was in New York City at an emergency session held by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 May to discuss a response to the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis,[34] Qureshi conducted an interview with American journalist Bianna Golodryga on CNN. During the interview, Qureshi stated: "Israel is losing out. They're losing the media war despite their connections"; Golodryga asked, "What are their connections?"; to which Qureshi replied, "Deep pockets." before elaborating further: "Well, they are very influential people. I mean, they control media."[35] Golodryga responded, "I would call that an antisemitic remark," and the comment sparked controversy and a public discussion of Jewish stereotypes. [35][36][37][38]

Arrest and Imprisonment

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On 20 August 2023, Qureshi was arrested by authorities due to his relation to Lettergate on the basis of using the diplomatic “cypher” cable for political gains.[39] He was tried on charges of making state secrets public in violation of the Official Secrets Act. The Supreme Court of Pakistan ordered his release from Adiala jail, though he was re-arrested on 27 December 2023. His re-arrest drew widespread criticism from PTI and international observers for mistreatment as Qureshi was manhandled and dragged to his jail cell by police.[40] PTI stated that his arrest was a sign of fascism in Pakistan. Former President Arif Alvi stated that "treating an ex foreign minister from two regimes in an undignified manner must draw the attention of the authorities."[41]

Personal life

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On 3 July 2020, Qureshi announced he had tested positive for COVID-19 days after holding high-profile meetings including one with U.S. special representative on Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad in Islamabad.[42][43] He eventually recovered.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Romero, Frances (29 December 2008). "Shah Mahmood Qureshi". Time. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "2008 WikiLeaks cable: Tariq Aziz advises Zardari against Shah Mahmood's PM candidacy". Dawn. 28 February 2008. Archived from the original on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. ^ "Between pirs and politicians | Encore | thenews.com.pk". www.thenews.com.pk.
  4. ^ "Qureshi 'dethroned' as Sajjada Nashin of Bahauddin Zakariya shrine". The Nation. 29 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
  5. ^ "If elections are held on time…". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Detail Information". 21 April 2014. Archived from the original on 21 April 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  7. ^ a b "Shah Mehmood Qureshi: Always next in line". Herald Magazine. 8 August 2016. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  8. ^ a b "Thick blood: Shah Mehmood Qureshi rubbishes brother's challenge – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 1 December 2014. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g "Qureshi's departure: dent in PPP unrealistic". Daily Times. 15 November 2011. Archived from the original on 12 June 2012.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Profile: Shah Mehmood Qureshi, from PML, to PPP to PTI – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 27 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  11. ^ "Qureshi to revive PPP popularity in south Punjab". Daily Times. 12 November 2006. Archived from the original on 17 March 2007. Retrieved 15 November 2011.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  12. ^ "Parties finally clinch deal on key ministries". DAWN.COM. 29 March 2008. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  13. ^ "Qureshi for friendly ties with India". Hidustan Times. 4 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2008. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  14. ^ Oster, Shai; Beijing, Jason Leow in; Delhi, Matthew Rosenberg in New (15 October 2008). "Seeking Funds, Pakistan Turns to 'Strong' Ally China". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  15. ^ "Pakistani press spins conspiracy theory about Kerry intern". Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 2 November 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  16. ^ "Pakistan to make decision on smaller cabinet today". 4 February 2011. Archived from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  17. ^ "Qureshi was offered water & power ministry". Dawn. 13 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 November 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
  18. ^ "Qureshi wants to know why he was sacked as FM". The Indian Express. 15 February 2011. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  19. ^ "Qureshi quits PPP, NA memberships – GEO.tv". Geo. 16 November 2011. Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  20. ^ "Shah Mehmood Qureshi resigns from PPP, National Assembly – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 14 November 2011. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  21. ^ a b "Punjab politics: Qureshi asks supporting MPAs to form forward bloc – The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 14 November 2011. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  22. ^ "Testing the waters: PTI to bring thousands to Qureshi's Ghotki rally Sunday – The Express Tribune". 25 November 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  23. ^ "From PPP to PTI: Qureshi's 'final' destination? – The Express Tribune". 27 November 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  24. ^ "Shah Mahmood Qureshi joins PTI – The Express Tribune". 27 November 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  25. ^ "Shah Mehmood Qureshi to join PTI ranks on Nov 27 – The Express Tribune". 11 November 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  26. ^ "Qureshi named PTI vice-chairman: Imran 'declares assets', backs Nawaz's SC move". DAWN.COM. 4 December 2011. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  27. ^ a b "Qureshi wins NA-150". The Nation. 13 May 2013. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  28. ^ "Sharif 'lied to parliament', alleges PTI". DAWN.COM. 17 May 2016. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  29. ^ "Qureshi, Tareen get top PTI posts, again". DAWN.COM. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 8 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  30. ^ "PTI Shah Mehmood Qureshi wins NA-156 constituency in Multan". Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  31. ^ "PTI's deputy chief likely to be Speaker of Pakistan assembly, to pave way for Mazari as foreign minister". hindustantimes. 7 August 2018. Retrieved 7 August 2018.
  32. ^ "PM Imran Khan finalises names of 21-member cabinet". DAWN.COM. 18 August 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  33. ^ "16 ministers from PM Imran Khan's cabinet sworn in". DAWN.COM. 20 August 2018. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
  34. ^ Siddiqui, Naveed (19 May 2021). "Qureshi leaves for New York to bring global attention to Israeli atrocities in Palestine". Dawn. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  35. ^ a b Golodryga, Bianna; Lyons, Emmet (22 May 2021). "Pakistan's top diplomat makes anti-Semitic remark during CNN interview about Gaza conflict". CNN. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  36. ^ "CNN presenter accuses Pakistan foreign minister of so called 'antisemitic remark' live on air". The Independent. 21 May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  37. ^ "Pakistan Official's Alleged Antisemitic Remarks Spark Controversy". Voice of America. 21 May 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
  38. ^ Hasan, Mehdi [@mehdirhasan] (16 May 2021). "Let's not discuss Israel-Palestine "through lazy racist tropes about devious, all-powerful Jews or violent Muslim terrorists..the violence there is bad enough without the rest of us adding a layer of brazen bigotry to it." My #minuterant on @MSNBC tonight: https://t.co/XkwH6r7tKM" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021 – via Twitter.
  39. ^ "Pakistan arrests close aide of ex-PM Imran Khan in 'cypher' case". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  40. ^ "Ex-Pakistan minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi re-arrested, dragged to police van". India Today. 27 December 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  41. ^ "Pakistan Under Fire for Mistreating, Rearresting Former Foreign Minister". Voice of America. 27 December 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
  42. ^ Peshimamin Islamabad, Gibran; Heinrich, Mark; Lewis, Matthew (3 July 2020). "Pakistani foreign minister tests positive for COVID-19". Reuters. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
  43. ^ Shah Mahmood Qureshi [@SMQureshiPTI] (3 July 2020). "This afternoon I felt a slight fever and immediately quarantined myself at home. I have now tested positive for Covid 19. By the grace of Allah, I feel strong and energetic. I will continue to carry on my duties from home" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
2008–2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
2018–2022 		Succeeded by
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