Malyshev (masculine) or Malysheva (feminine) is a Russian surname. It may refer to:
- Aleksandr Malyshev, Russian professional football coach and a former player
- Anton Malyshev
- Ilya Malyshev
- Mikhail Malyshev
- Misha Malyshev
- Natalia Malysheva
- Pyotr Malyshev
- Sergey Malyshev, several people
- Valeri Malyshev
- Volodymyr Malyshev
- Vyacheslav Malyshev (1902–1957), Soviet politician buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis
- Yekaterina Malysheva
- Yelena Malysheva
- Yury Malyshev, several people