The Manifesto on Unshakable Autocracy was issued by Tsar Alexander III of Russia on April 29, 1881 (O.S.), about two months after the assassination of his father, Alexander II of Russia. Influenced by, if not written by, Konstantin Pobedonostsev, the Procurator of the Holy Synod, the manifesto rejected the more liberal reforms of his father (and some of his father's ministers) in favor of "unshakable autocracy" which had been given to the tsars as a sacred duty from God.[1] The document summed up Alexander's counter reform policies.
In his book Russia: A 1,000-Year Chronicle Of The Wild East, Martin Sixsmith compared the language of Alexander's document to Ivan the Terrible's coronation speech. Sixsmith says that the "language is strikingly reminiscent of Ivan the Terrible's speech at his coronation in 1547: From this day I shall be the sole and absolute ruler, for a kingdom cannot be ruled without an iron hand...Broad and bounteous are our lands, but there is little order in them. Only absolute power can safeguard Russia...'"[2][3]
References
edit- ^ See George Vernadsky, ed. A Sourcebook on Russian History from Earliest Times to 1917 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972), vol. 3, p. 680.
- ^ Sixsmith previously states however that "we can't be certain of course that these exact words were really spoken by Ivan, but they encapsulate the autocratic principles that would characterise his rule and that of nearly every ruler after him."
- ^ Sixsmith, Martin (2011). "15". Russia: A 1000-Year Chronicle of the Wild East. Random House. pp. 46, 149. ISBN 978 1 84 990072 0.