The Manila Railroad 300 class[a] of 1914 were cog locomotives used for the Antipolo line and the Aringay–Baguio branch of the PNR North Main Line. These were also known in the railroad's mechanical department as the R class.[1]
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Built by German manufacturer Maschinenfabrik Esslingen and Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works of Winterthur in 1914, they were the latter of only two classes of German-built locomotives that entered service in the Philippines. These were either destroyed during World War II or scrapped in 1945. Only the builder's plate of No. 306 survive to the present day after being kept and restored in the California State Railroad Museum.
Background
editGerman tranvia boxcabs
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The first tram locomotives were ordered in the 1880s for the Compañia de los Tranvías de Filipinas or the Philippine Tramway Company. Although its manufacturers remain unknown, it was mentioned by company founder and mayor of Manila Jacobo Zóbel y Zangroniz that the locomotives were German-made.[2] These were retired in 1905 after the Tranvía system was electrified and at least two were sold to the Insular Lumber Company of Negros Occidental.[3]
Antipolo line
editThe Antipolo line was a railroad line between Manila and Antipolo, then part of the Manila province.[4][5] It is notorious for having steep terrain and tight turning curves, which justified the use of 3 ft 6 in gauge railways. The line was operated between the late 1900s and early 1910s with Manila Railway 70 class tank locomotives.[6]
Horace L. Higgins, then head of the British-owned Manila Railway Company, ordered four Kitson-Meyers from Kitson & Company, which would become the Manila Railroad 160 class in 1914. He also ordered six locomotives from two manufacturers. Maschinenfabrik Esslingen built nos. 301 to 305, while Swiss manufacturer built no. 306 Mirador.[7]
Aringay line
editThe Aringay–Baguio line was a 40 km (25 mi) rail line that started construction in 1911. Like the Antipolo line, it also climbed relatively steep terrain as its main objective was to connect Baguio with Manila via Aringay. It was never finished due to lack of funds of the succeeding Manila Railroad. However, the line managed to enter through a small portion of Benguet in the municipality of Tuba.[8]
Design
editThe 300 class the only cog locomotives that entered Philippine service and the second to the last tank locomotive class to enter service. The last was the Manila Railroad 126 class, which were also the last European locomotives to enter service until 1966. Meanwhile, it was the first oil-burning locomotive in Philippine service, followed by the larger tender locomotives of the state-owned Manila Railroad.[9]
Built with the Abt rack system, the six locomotives were used to pull trains on steep terrain between Manila and Antipolo. The locomotives ran along Cape gauge tracks, adopted for interoperability with the rest of the Manila Railroad network.[7] This makes the Antipolo and Aringay lines some of the widest track gauges that used the Abt system alongside those used by the Mount Lyell Mining & Railway Company in Tasmania, Australia.[10]
Due to its inclination to be used on steep climbs, the locomotives appeared to lean forward while running on regular track.[11]
Service
editThe 300 class entered service together with the Manila Railroad 160 class in 1914. In 1917, operations on the Antipolo line halted due to the controversial run of the 160 class Kitson Meyers. Since then, the two classes continued operating separately with the 160 class on the Pagsanjan line and the 300 class on the Aringay line.[12] It was signified by No. 306 being named Mirador after one of the mountains in Benguet. Although the line was never finished, the 300 class was used until 1945 when they were either destroyed during World War II or scrapped in the case of Mirador.[7]
Recent history
editWhile all 300 class locomotives were scrapped, the number plate of No. 306 Mirador managed to survive to the present day. The locomotive was scrapped in 1945 and the plate was purchased in the 1970s by a member of the Railway & Locomotive Historical Society, who preserved and polished the number plate with the help of the California State Railroad Museum. In recent years, the plate was put into auction on eBay.[7]
Notes
edit- ^ Although rail operations in the Philippines were controlled by Horace L. Higgins' Manila Railway Company, stock such the 300 class were already referred by the new Manila Railroad branding, having entered service after 1909. Both are predecessors to the modern Philippine National Railways.
References
edit- ^ Unson, P. (1947). MANILA RAILROAD CO. MECH. DEPT. DIAGRAMS LOCOS, COACHES, MOTOR CARS 1947. Outlines and Particulars (Report). Manila Railroad Company Mechanical Department. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- ^ Gamble, Adrian (March 10, 2017). "Manila's Long-Lost 'Tranvias' Once the Envy of Asia". skyrisecities.com. Skyrise Cities. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
- ^ German tram locomotives in Negros Occidental. The Far Eastern Review. George Bronson Rea, via Philippine Train Enthusiasts and Railfans Club. 1907. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
- ^ Bound to Antipolo. Retrieved September 16, 2021. (registration required)
- ^ "Railways of old in Manila and Rizal". d0ctrine.com. November 8, 2011. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
- ^ Antipolo Hill Section, 1910. Retrieved September 16, 2021. (registration required)
- ^ a b c d "MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY 1914 SWISS LOCO. AND MACHINE NUMBER PLATE". Worthpoint. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
- ^ Sotelo, Yolanda (November 26, 2014). "The saga of Aringay rail line". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
- ^ Smith, Jonathan (2007). "Manila RR steam locomotives". Iowa State University. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- ^ "Locos of the Mt Lyell Railway". railtasmania.com. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
- ^ No. 306 Mirador. 1910. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
- ^ "EN BANC - G.R. No. L-10624 - March 24, 1916 THE MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs. THE INSULAR COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, Defendant-Appellant". www.chanrobles.com. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
