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March 1962

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The following events occurred in March 1962:

March 7, 1962: First Orbiting Solar Observatory launched by U.S.
OSO I
March 3, 1962: United Kingdom claims slice of Antarctica

March 1, 1962 (Thursday)

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March 2, 1962 (Friday)

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March 3, 1962 (Saturday)

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  • The United Kingdom designated all land south of 60°S latitude and between longitudes 20°W and 80°W as the British Antarctic Territory, making a claim to an area of 1,710,000 square kilometers or 660,000 square miles. In addition to the wedge of the Antarctic continent, the territory included the uninhabited South Orkney Islands and the South Shetland Islands, while putting South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands under the jurisdiction of the Falkland Islands. The claim to the territories was not recognized by Argentina.[27]
  • Liu Cheng-sze, a second lieutenant in Communist China's air force, defected to Taiwan, bringing with him a Soviet-built MiG-15 jet fighter. Liu had broken away from a training mission, then flew the jet 200 miles (320 km) south and landed near Taipei, where he surrendered to the Nationalist Chinese Air Force.[28] A parade was held in his honor on March 10, with 200,000 people turning out to honor him.[29]
  • Born: Jackie Joyner-Kersee, American athlete who holds the world record for heptathlon (7291 pts) and Olympic record for long jump (7.40 m (24 ft 3+1⁄4 in)), both at the 1988 Summer Olympics; in East St. Louis, Illinois[30]

March 4, 1962 (Sunday)

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March 5, 1962 (Monday)

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March 6, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • Rated by the U.S. Geological Survey as "The most destructive storm ever to hit the mid-Atlantic states" of the U.S., and as one of the ten worst U.S. storms in the 20th century, the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962 began forming off the coast of North Carolina and continued for three days as it moved up the Eastern seaboard as far as New York.[43] Heavy winds and rain coincided with a perigean spring tide, when a new Moon occurred when the Moon was making its closest approach to the Earth. The combined tugging of Moon and Sun made the tides higher than normal. Forty people were killed and $500,000,000 of damage was incurred.[44]
  • In a joint statement issued by U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Thailand's Foreign Minister Thanat Khoman, the United States pledged to go to war to defend against any attack on Thailand by Communist guerillas.[45]
  • U.S. Patent #3,023,527 was granted to Wayne Leek and Charles Morse for the Remington Nylon 66, a rifle which required no added lubricants because the stock was made of the nylon variant Zytel.[46]
  • Atlas rocket 107-D was delivered to Cape Canaveral for the Mercury 7 mission to be launched in May with Scott Carpenter.[1]
  • Born: Bengt Baron, Swedish swimmer and 1980 Olympic gold medalist; in Finspång[47]

March 7, 1962 (Wednesday)

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  • In London, the Royal College of Physicians issued its report, "Smoking and Health", declaring that "Cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer. It also causes bronchitis and probably contributes to the development of coronary heart disease and various other less common diseases. It delays healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers." Sir Robert Platt, the president of the organization, led a committee of nine physicians to compile the research.[48][49] A panel led by the U.S. Surgeon General would draw a similar conclusion nearly two years later on January 11, 1964.
  • OSO I, the first of nine Orbiting Solar Observatory satellites, launched by the United States, was launched from Cape Canaveral and put into orbit around the Earth, to measure radiation from the Sun.[50] OSO I performed remarkably well in conducting the 13 different experiments for which it was programmed. Especially relevant to human spaceflight were its measurements of solar radiation in high frequency ranges, of cosmic dust effects, and of the thermal properties of spacecraft surface materials.[1]
  • McDonnell awarded a $6.5 million subcontract to Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company to provide the attitude control and maneuvering electronics system for the Gemini spacecraft.[40] The Gemini Project Office accepted McDonnell's preliminary design of the spacecraft's main undercarriage for use in land landings and authorized McDonnell to proceed with testing to start on April 1.[40]
  • The Tipsport Arena opened in Prague, as the Sportovni Hala Praha. In addition to concerts and entertainment, it is the host to the ice hockey team HC Sparta Praha.[51]

March 8, 1962 (Thursday)

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March 9, 1962 (Friday)

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  • Three babies at the Binghamton General Hospital in Binghamton, New York, United States, died suddenly of heart failure. Three more were dead the next day, with four others in critical condition, and all had abnormally high sodium levels. The deaths of the six infants, three boys and three girls who ranged in age from 3 days to 8 months old, were traced to a nurse's mistaken placement of salt, three days earlier, into a sugar container used for the making of baby formula. Ironically, the discovery was made by another nurse who broke hospital rules when she made herself a cup of coffee in the formula room.[55][56] The deaths were subsequently ruled as accidental.[57]
  • In the second deadly mine explosion in West Germany in as many months, 29 underground coal miners were killed at the Saachen mine near Hamm.[58]

March 10, 1962 (Saturday)

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  • Newly independent from France, the Kingdom of Morocco adopted its first constitution.[59]
  • Scottish football club Kilmarnock's home attendance record was broken when a crowd of 35,995 turned out to see them play Glasgow Rangers in the Scottish Cup, at the Rugby Park stadium.
  • Born: Seiko Matsuda, Japanese pop singer and songwriter; in Kurume, Fukuoka[60]
  • Died: John Henry Turpin, 85, African-American U.S. Navy officer and one of the last survivors of the 1898 explosion and sinking of the U.S. Navy cruiser USS Maine[61]

March 11, 1962 (Sunday)

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March 12, 1962 (Monday)

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March 13, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • U.S. Army General L. L. Lemnitzer, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, presented Operation Northwoods, a top-secret proposal to use American funding for terror attacks within the United States, to U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. With the goal of carrying out violent acts that could be blamed on the Communist government in Cuba in order to get support for an invasion, the proposals included exploding an empty U.S. Navy ship in Guantanamo Bay and creating a false list of casualties; and faking an attack, to be blamed on Cuba, on a chartered airliner flying from the United States. The most incredible proposal was to simulate a "Communist Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area, other Florida cities, and even in Washington", including "exploding a few plastic bombs in carefully chosen spots", and directed against Cuban refugees "even to the point of wounding." McNamara vetoed the plan, which would be declassified in 2001, before it reached President Kennedy.[70][71]
  • Wing Luke, a native of China who moved to the United States as a child, was elected as the first non-white person to serve on the city council of Seattle, and the first Asian American to hold an elective office in the State of Washington. Luke would serve until May 17, 1965, when he was killed in a plane crash.[72]

March 14, 1962 (Wednesday)

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Use of ejection seats to escape from the Gemini spacecraft
  • NASA set specifications for the ejection seat for the Gemini spacecraft, directing that the seats to be operated manually, and that both seats had to eject simultaneously if either system was activated. McDonnell awarded a $1.8 million subcontract to Weber Aircraft for the Gemini ejection seats on April 9 and a $741,000 subcontract to Rocket Power, Inc. on May 15 for the escape system rocket catapult.[40]
  • On the same day, the MSC revised the Gemini program schedule to increase the number of test vehicles. The first uncrewed qualification flight (Gemini 1 was still scheduled for July 1963, though it would be postponed later to April 8, 1964. The first crewed flight (Gemini 3, with Gus Grissom and John L. Young was postponed to late October 1963; it would be launched on March 23, 1965. Gemini 6, the first flight that would use the Agena target vehicle, was delayed to April 1964, though Agena's first launch attempt on October 25, 1965 would fail.[40]
  • Edward M. "Teddy" Kennedy, the 30-year-old brother of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and U.S. Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat that had been held by JFK. The incumbent, Benjamin A. Smith II, was a Kennedy family friend who had been appointed to fill the seat until a special election could be scheduled. Ted Kennedy, who had to wait until his 30th birthday, on February 22, to become eligible, would win the primary and general election, and then re-election in 1964, 1970, 1976, 1982, 1988, 1994, 2000 and 2006, serving for almost 47 years until his death in 2009.[73]
  • Tony Jackson of the Chicago Majors scored 12 three-point baskets, as part of the short-lived American Basketball League, which pioneered the rule for shots from more than 25 feet (7.6 m) away. Jackson's pro record for most treys, set in a 124–122 loss to the Cleveland Pipers, tied in 2003 and 2005, would be surpassed on October 29, 2018 by Klay Thompson of the Golden State Warriors with 14 three-pointers in a 149–124 win over the Chicago Bulls.[74]

March 15, 1962 (Thursday)

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March 16, 1962 (Friday)

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March 17, 1962 (Saturday)

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March 18, 1962 (Sunday)

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March 19, 1962 (Monday)

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March 20, 1962 (Tuesday)

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  • At an extraordinary session of the National Assembly, French deputies and senators approved the statements made by the President of the Republic, Charles de Gaulle, and by the government following the signing of the Évian Accords on Algeria.
  • Defying the ceasefire between the French Army and the Algerian FLN guerillas, the dissident European Algerian group, the OAS fired five mortar shells into a crowd of civilians at the Casbah in Algiers, killing four and wounding 67 people.[104]
  • The U.S. town of Woodruff Place, Indiana, incorporated in 1876, came to an end as a separate town after the United States Supreme Court declined to review a state court decision that allowed the area to be annexed by Indianapolis.[105]
  • Mercury spacecraft No. 19, the latest in the U.S. human spaceflight program, was delivered to Cape Canaveral in the orbital-manned configuration, but this mission would be canceled after the successful six-orbit flight of Wally Schirra.[1]
  • Died: Stan Wootton, 66, Australian rules footballer and cricketer

March 21, 1962 (Wednesday)

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March 22, 1962 (Thursday)

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JFK, Hoover and RFK in February 1961
  • FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover met at the White House with John F. Kennedy, to advise him about what findings from a wiretap revealed. Not only was Hoover aware that President Kennedy was conducting an extramarital affair with Judith Exner, Hoover advised that Ms. Exner was also romantically involved with organized crime figures Sam Giancana and Johnny Roselli, and with Frank Sinatra.[112] After the meeting, Kennedy called Exner to terminate the relationship. The affair would not become public knowledge until Congressional hearings were held in 1975.[113]
  • As part of the Evian Accords, France and Algeria granted a general amnesty to Algerian nationalists who "aided or abetted the Algerian insurrection" and to French and Algerian servicemen who "have committed infractions during the maintenance of order against the Algerian insurrection". On June 17, 1966, France would extend the amnesty to OAS members who "committed infractions against state security during the events in Algeria".[114]
  • Having moved to the Soviet Union, Lee Harvey Oswald received a March 7 notice advising that his discharge from the U.S. Marines had been changed from "honorable" to "undesirable" and wrote an unsuccessful protest to the U.S. Department of Defense.[115]
  • Adolf Eichmann began an appeal to an Israeli court, as his lawyer, Robert Servatius, sought to spare Eichmann from the death sentence ordered in his 1961 war crimes conviction.[116] The verdict would be upheld, and Eichmann would be executed on May 31.[117]

March 23, 1962 (Friday)

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  • In Vancouver, British chemist Neil Bartlett created the first noble gas compound when he created xenon hexafluoroplatinate (XePtF6) from a reaction of xenon and platinum hexafluoride.[118]
  • The Air Force Space Systems Division published the "Development Plan for the Gemini Launch Vehicle System". From experience in Titan II and Mercury programs, the planners estimated a budget of $164,400,000, including a 50% contingency for cost increases and unforeseen changes.[40]
  • Louis Joxe, France's Minister for Algerian Affairs, broadcast on radio to clarify the substance of the Franco-Algerian Accords signed in Évian five days previously, as well as the future outlook for Algeria.
  • The Scandinavian States of the Nordic Council signed the Helsinki Convention on Nordic Co-operation.
  • Born:

March 24, 1962 (Saturday)

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March 25, 1962 (Sunday)

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March 26, 1962 (Monday)

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  • In Baker v. Carr, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, 6–2, that federal courts could order state legislatures to reapportion seats.[130] In doing so, the Court overturned its 1946 ruling, in Colegrove v. Green, that it had no jurisdiction to decide redistricting disputes were political issues. Within a year after the ruling, lawsuits had been filed in 36 states to redraw the legislative maps.[131]
  • After having withdrawn from public view for several months, Cuban Premier Fidel Castro went on television to denounce Anibal Escalante, who had been a high-ranking official of the Cuban Communist Party. Escalante, whom Castro accused of "sectarianism" and using the Party to further his personal ambition, was fired the next day.[132]
  • Hundreds of European settlers in Algeria staged a peaceful march in Algiers to protest against the sealing off of their neighborhood at Bab El Oued. As they approached French Army barricades, fighting broke out, leaving 51 dead, mostly European, and 130 wounded.[133]
  • France shortened the term for mandatory military service for eligible men from 26 months to 18.

March 27, 1962 (Tuesday)

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March 28, 1962 (Wednesday)

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Syrian President al-Kudsi, arrested
 
Argentine President Frondizi, overthrown
  • Nazim al-Kudsi, the President of Syria, was arrested along with Prime Minister Maarouf al-Dawalibi, following an Army-led coup.[137] To avert a possible civil war, the Army junta resigned on April 13, released Kudsi, and restored him to the presidency.[138]
  • After an 11-day showdown with the Argentine armed forces over the gains of Peronists in the March 18 elections, President Arturo Frondizi was forced to resign. Frondizi, who had reportedly avoided overthrow in 25 previous coups d'état, was arrested at his home and then flown to a military base on Martín García Island.[139] Two days later, Senate President José María Guido would be approved by the armed forces as the new president.[140]
  • The McDonnell Corporation awarded a $2,500,000 subcontract to Collins Radio Company for voice communications systems for the Gemini spacecraft.[40]
  • Died: Robert Neyland, 70, former U.S. Army Brigadier General and long time (1926 to 1953) football coach of the University of Tennessee, including the 1951 college football championship ranking. Neyland received the Distinguished Service Medal during World War II and was an inductee into the National College Football Hall of Fame.[141] Tennessee's Neyland Stadium, with more than 100,000 seats, would be named in his honor.

March 29, 1962 (Thursday)

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  • U.S. Comedian Jack Paar concluded his last appearance as host of The Jack Paar Show, then known informally as The Tonight Show on NBC, after five years.[142] The guests on the last show were Jack E. Leonard, Alexander King, Robert Merrill and Buddy Hackett. Among those appearing in taped farewell messages were Richard Nixon, Robert Kennedy, Billy Graham, Bob Hope and Jack Benny. Hugh Downs was the announcer, and Jose Melis led the band. The show would continue as The Tonight Show the following week, with guest hosts, until Johnny Carson took over on October 1, 1962. Paar's last regular appearance was on a Thursday. On the next day, the final show was a "Best Of Paar" rerun.
  • U.S. Supreme Court Justice Charles Evans Whittaker resigned due to poor health.[143] The next day, President Kennedy nominated former college and pro football player Byron "Whizzer" White, the Deputy Attorney General of the United States, to succeed Charles Whittaker.[144]
  • Honeywell received an $18,000,000 subcontract from McDonnell to provide the inertial measuring unit (IMU) for the Gemini spacecraft, to provide a stable reference for determining spacecraft attitude and to indicate changes in spacecraft velocity.[40]
  • The conveying of a life peerage on British Conservative MP Sir Ian Macdonald Horobin was announced. Two weeks later he would withdrew his acceptance[145] and would be subsequently jailed for an indecency offence.
  • The Danish cargo ship Kirsten Skou collided with a West German ship, Karpfanger, in the English Channel and sank. Luckily, all 35 crew members were rescued.[146]

March 30, 1962 (Friday)

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  • Ted Kennedy, running for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by his older brother, President John F. Kennedy, disclosed that he had been required to drop out of Harvard University in 1951, after having cheated on a freshman examination.[147] Nevertheless, the younger Kennedy would win the 1962 primary and general elections, and be re-elected for more terms by Massachusetts voters.
  • Martin-Baltimore submitted a "Description of the Launch Vehicle for the Gemini Spacecraft" to Air Force Space Systems Division. This document laid the foundation for the design of the Gemini launch vehicle by defining the concept and philosophy of each proposed subsystem.[40]
  • Born: MC Hammer (stage name for Stanley Kirk Burrell), American rapper and dancer, best known for his 1990 hit "U Can't Touch This"; in Oakland, California[148]

March 31, 1962 (Saturday)

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References

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